CS229633B2 - Method for the producing a biologic active agent with storage life for soil quality improvement - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A method for the manufacture of a storable and biologically active soil improvement agent from a mixture consisting of crushed garbage and partly dehydrated sewage treatment sludge of approximately 50 to 90 percents by weight water content, wherein said mixture is subjected to deformation by pressing it down to about 1/3 of its volume without any water discharge, and the thus obtained briquettes are dried in air by storing them in rotting stacks having a temperature of from about 50 degrees C to 70 degrees C and a moisture of less than 55 percents by weight, characterized in that said rotting stacks are subjected to an additional moistening which begins with the third to the fifth day of rotting and which is lasting from seven to fourteen days.

Description

(52) Int. Cl. ' OJ C 05 F 9/04

A process for the production of a storable and biologically active agent for improving Akaas! soil

229 833

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a storable and biologically active agent for improving Asosol. Soil that bear the crushed solid komrnálních refuse and partly dewatered refining sludge from sewage eight water content of 50 to 90% hдоtnáottáOh, wherein the mixture is shaped pressure to about one-third volume without displace water and thus obtained moldings were stored at ^t ep ! ^t y of 5 ° to ⁷⁰ vyhnívaoích stacks of humidity less than 55% οζη ^ ^^ ^ ί thereby subjected to air drying and vyhnívacímu process.

It is the object of the invention that the effect of the digestion process is enhanced by further humidification with water, either by moistening the moldings while stored in air in heating stoves, or by rewetting the already dried and then coarsely crushed moldings arranged in the can. The wetting of the stored compacts adds 135-165 kg of water per m @ 3 over a period of 7 to 14 days, and during the rewetting of the already dried and coarsely crushed particles. a proportion of water is added to obtain an initial content of 40 to 50% water in the mixture, with further humidification optionally carried out by sprinkling from above.

229 633

229 633

The present invention relates to storable and biologically active composition for improving soil quality, of a mixture consisting of crushed solid urban refuse and partly dewatered refining sludge from sewage treatment plants with a water content of 50 to 90 V ⁰ by weight, wherein the mixture is shaped pressure to about One third of the volume without water displacement and the moldings thus obtained are stored at a temperature of 50 to 70 ° C in digesters with a moisture content of less than 55% by weight, thereby subjecting them to an air digestion process and drying.

In such a known method, the resulting moldings are dried immediately after being formed and are simply stored nr. air. The spontaneously occurring drying process consists in the rapid penetration of the moldings by the fungi as they are superimposed in the so-called digester. In this so-called hot or intensive digestion, about half to three quarters of biochemically degradable substances dissimilate within two to three weeks, assuming that on average about 42% by weight of the organic molding mass consists of such readily biodegradable substances . The main degradation occurs in the first 14 days and then the rate of decomposition slows due to lack of water. According to this known method can therefore be obtained disinfected compost Advanced digested but not finished, or special compost, _±, rotože have a substantial proportion of the organic mass remains biologically neodbourán.

During this intense digestion, they are aerated

229,633 conditions predominantly dependent on the reaction temperature. With increasing water firing or water consumption by fungal ingrowth, the air supply becomes more intense, thereby accelerating metabolic metabolism; until the moisture becomes missing ^om ezuj ^s c ^s ^ em m Steam begins to decrease; ^{P drop of the} line plus losses from ^the TE: íháním. This ^p ra ^KTI c ^{ky characterized} Lou ^No eno ^d shoulder ^í ú ^pl Né EHM-NACE easily decomposable substances during digestion in a room at an initial moisture content of 6 (^> weight in the mixture. However, it is also possible simply to increase the initial water content molding, as for example, when the water content in the blank more than 55? ° by weight are formed under certain conditions anaerobic sites, which is necessary in ^š emo ^from non zadánit. Dule ^m Itou role m ^{and dispute} om grain size of the material and the associated system to < anaerobic sites can be prevented even at higher water contents.

VYN ^s task is to create lezu TV ^ ^b introduction on ^currency clearly from ^p Úsobí> via its ^{Z L} of from ⁱ to ^k and ^t vol ^chassis frugal way totavý no axis ^{b p i} ec alni compost.

Disadvantages of the known process are removed by the process set aside-sectional area, its ^{Z p} paragraph ^t ou it ^teaches NEK expel ^and vac ^{larger-process} increases further wetting with water and either post-humidification moldings even when stored in air in digestion stacks or new moistening already the dried and then coarsely crushed portions of the moldings arranged in the canister while being moistened. The stored moldings are added to the mixture within 7 to

135 to 165 kg of water per l and during rewetting of the already dried and then crushed parts of the compacts, add a quantity of water to achieve an initial content of 40 to 50% by weight of the water in the mixture, with further rewetting. possibly by sprinkling from above.

By this modification of the known process, the composting process according to the invention has been accelerated to such an extent that all reserves of readily degradable substances could be exhausted and, in appropriate experiments, yielded a product with approximately 38.5% by weight annealing losses. Samples taken on the nineteenth day of digestion showed an even lower organic content of 37.5% as well as a C / N ratio of 18.6. Similar values are now only achieved in composting stations for finished compost, which is produced, for example, by crushing the moldings after three weeks in the digester and leaving them in a can for three months.

Thus, according to the invention, an improved compost can be obtained which meets the quality requirements for the finished compost.

According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the addition of water at the beginning of further refinement is higher than at the end. The required daily water supply can also be adapted to the respective digestion conditions and guided according to the characteristics. In this connection, it is expedient to divide the daily dose of water into twelve or twenty-four periods of time as part of further humidification. According to a preferred embodiment, 156 kg of water per 1P of the mixture was added over a fortnight.

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Further, it has proven expedient to carry out further humidification of the firing stack by means of a system of tubes arranged above it and provided with nozzles. Thus, the humidifier can be finely dispersed on the digester. Further humidification can be adjusted in such a way that at least a quarter or the highest daily production can be separately watered.

In addition, further humidification is preferably controlled so that at the end of the three to five weeks digestion, the digester stacks have a residual moisture content of 25 to 35% by weight of water. This provides optimum conditions for further processing by crushing, screening and screening.

As has been explained, further humidification is carried out in the process according to the invention during the hot or intensive digestion which is initially made possible by the original water content. As a result, the drying which follows at the end of the process can be shifted to such an extent that, in the described process, all relatively easily degradable substances, in particular of the oxidizable organic type, are in fact fully destroyed in the meantime and thus produce the desired finished compost.

* This finished compost, however, also be achieved yet another solution according to the invention to a known které.navazuje already ^pop 8a ⁿ ý ^PU reindeer. It usu ^with EN ^é not ^UPL No ^P ^ rokfjpostováné moldings obtained according to it, can be wetted by water new

The 229 932 can be reactivated again, which is then switched off again. Although the known dried compacts still contain considerable proportions of readily degradable substances, rewetting is not capable of causing intense additional digestion. This is due to the inadequate natural air movement in the moldings or their digesters, and thus the oxygen necessary for its anaerobic metabolism cannot be supplied to the material.

In order to convert even the dry compacts produced in a known manner into the finished compost, the crushing of the compacts into coarse pieces and the like must be included according to the invention in accordance with the invention. the clamp silo stacked in order to form the cavity to the natural movement of air, so that after about five and a half weeks ^with up ^to six MCS ^and smell ^pl account ^some of the cut up ^{w d y} all re-tlvné ^h e ^l ce degradable substances.

According to this second solution according to the invention, the dry compacts obtained by the previously known method can therefore also be processed into finished or special compost.

It is advantageous to achieve an initial water content of about 40 to 5% by weight with this rewet.

Crushing moldings does not yet using a hammer mill or the ^p ro u ei ^{no. from} Ivano ^eh at the Dr. ^ Ce. S ^h above Oda this coarse crushing pressings done vyhnívacíáh tilting stacks of pallets. It is possible, for example lopatkovým'naklada ^No. em - T ^ ^d shape of ^the rec ^HTU. This ^P ú Ravo was quenched ^Gd known moldings on its fragments. of the original size, allowing for saturation

-6 229 633 masters in the shape of a canopy, which has enough cavities for the necessary air movement. In this case, an initial water content of about 40 to 50% by weight has proven to be suitable and the rewet can again be advantageously carried out by means of a pipe system provided with nozzles arranged above the can; the moisture limit moves horizontally from top to bottom. Additional digestion occurs even at a lower initial humidity,. but is noticeably slower.

In carrying out the method of the second described solution, it has been shown that previously pre-rotated and p-dried moldings after the crushing and pouring into the trapezoidal canopy height well and base dimensions of 2.5 mx 6 m well additionally avoided. Temperatures in a clamp silo increased in this experiment of the fourth day to the ^{h y} odnot ^BC EC 6 ⁰ C 'made ^{of poly T} and for ^{four characterized d} b ^y at this level. After two months on the measurement points recorded temperatures between 39 5 and ² ° C. St ^of EDN ^Even values of OUR ^and van ^{b d} b ^y la 1.35 kg / m ^, and thus moved in a similar order of magnitude as the value of the reduction of the compacts during the last stage of digestion of the hall according to a first inventive solution. The ignition loss on the sample collected on day 54 was determined to be 41.9% on average on average; tes ^{t R} e ^s c ^h ou gave comparative uro ^d u 1 ² 5 / ó.

The tests performed individually gave the following results:

Moldings from the normal production of the composting plant showed three. Four weeks of digestion in the hall the following values:

water content и ^c i> mass loss on ignition nitrogen content carbon content C / N%

25,8 $

22.4

Further retention of the moldings in the digester does not lead to further degradation. If the digester stack was arranged outside, the reaction temperature was already adjusted to the outside temperature in the fifth digestion day. Tests on the degree of digestion confirmed the presence of readily decomposable substances still in the thirteen-week-old material. Accordingly, the pre-digested moldings according to the known method can be stored for longer periods * on pallets outside without any major changes in the test values.

Only a three-month additional firing of the coarsely crushed and newly moistened compacts by the second route of the invention makes it possible to obtain a product marketable as a finished compost. It has an annealing loss value of from 35 to 40% by weight and a C / N ratio of about 18 to 20.

When using the process according to the invention, there is essentially the possibility of further crushing the pre-digested moldings and screening them into fractions of different grain sizes.

The tests described have shown that the pre-digested moldings according to the known method can be poured into the

229 633 of the can and the rewet are further degraded, and in the presence of a sufficient number of cavities, the reduction rate in the case of cans of suitable dimensions is dependent on the amount of wiping. Therefore, even the compacts obtained in the known manner can be further processed advantageously into finished compost.

Solution ^P Odle in ^y n and ^l Cutting Uve ^d Ene ^P RVN ^{ImM s} hundred Zn ^and zorně2 * 4 / in the drawings diagranfTen shows the course digestion in the operations' lobby during early wetted moldings indicating the relevant parameters of temperature, the reduction of loss on ignition and the content dry matter versus time measured in days. It can be seen that by re-wetting the moldings according to the invention during the digestion in the hall, the biochemical exchange of substances can be substantially accelerated. If the rewet had only been carried out two weeks after the start of the digestion, the annealing loss would be reached after approximately 3.5 weeks.

47.1 to 49.5% by weight. However, the composting process is much more advantageous if, according to the invention, water scrubbing is started at a time when the water content of the material is still about 5% by weight, but the reaction temperature has already exceeded 50 ° C. As already mentioned, a total of 156 kg of water n was sufficient during the experiment. 1 m * of the starting material, distributed over 2 weeks into the batches, to extend the period of the appropriate temperature and thereby accelerate substrate conversion.

This produced a product which, after three weeks of hot digestion, showed an annealing loss of about 38/0 by weight and a C / N ratio of 18.6, and proved to be qualitatively high in the cress test and self-heating. valuable ready compost or special compost.

For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that instead of compression by thickening, thickening can be used with the same result without changing anything in the process of the invention.

Claims (5)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION 229 633 A method for producing a storable and biologically active soil improver composition comprising a mixture consisting of crushed solid municipal garbage and partially dewatered clarification sludge from waste water treatment plants with a water content of 50 to 50% by weight, wherein the mixture is pressurized to about one third of the volume displace water and thus obtained moldings with ^the Ia ^d uj ⁱ 'for te ^p ture 5 ^{0-7 0} C in the furnace ^s vac ^I C ^h stacks of humidity of less than 55' by weight, which are subjected to air vyhnivacímu process and drying, characterized in that the effect expel ^s vac ^{larger-PROCESS} increases ^d al ^width m Vol ^LHC enhanced water, and ^b teaches dovlh ^No alkylated ^r m compacts Jea ^{thee at} sk: force-feeding ^as air in a digestion stacks or by rewetting the already dried and then coarsely crushed parts of the moldings, arranged in the canister, while adding to the in the course of 7-14 days 135 to 165 kg water per 1 m 'novétanavlhč CONTRARY TO already ^y sc ^h LYC ^h and ^ ^{is o} ru ^{It runs} the crushed portions of the blank was added enough water to achieve an initial content of 40 to 50 % by weight of water in the mixture, the further humidification being carried out optionally by sprinkling from above. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the moistening of the compacts stored in the digesters starts about the third to the fifth day of digestion, wherein more water is added at the beginning of the moistening than at the end. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the daily addition of water is divided into 12 or 24 intervals. 229 * 39 4. Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by. 156 kg of water per 1 m of mixture are added over 14 days. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compacts are stacked on pallets and, after drying, roughly crushed by tilting the diges from the pallets into a pile arranged in a can. whereupon the coarsely crushed parts are re-moistened.