CS228768B1 - Apparatus for smelting and casting metals in vacuo - Google Patents

Apparatus for smelting and casting metals in vacuo Download PDF

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Publication number
CS228768B1
CS228768B1 CS767082A CS767082A CS228768B1 CS 228768 B1 CS228768 B1 CS 228768B1 CS 767082 A CS767082 A CS 767082A CS 767082 A CS767082 A CS 767082A CS 228768 B1 CS228768 B1 CS 228768B1
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Czechoslovakia
Prior art keywords
mold
casting
melting
recipient
vacuum
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CS767082A
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Czech (cs)
Slovak (sk)
Inventor
Jiri Rndr Dohnal
Jaroslav Ing Potocek
Marcel Doc Dr Ing Cs Zitnansky
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Jiri Rndr Dohnal
Jaroslav Ing Potocek
Marcel Doc Dr Ing Cs Zitnansky
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Priority to CS767082A priority Critical patent/CS228768B1/en
Publication of CS228768B1 publication Critical patent/CS228768B1/en

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  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)

Abstract

Vynález patří do oboru vákuovej metalurgie a rieši zariadenie na tavenie a odlievanie kovov vo vákuu pře stomatologické odlitky. Jeho podstata je v tom, že pozostáva z taviaceno téglilca, ktorý je uložený v odporovoa ohrievacom telese. Toto je uložené v tepelnoizolaínej hmotě a to v puzdre, ktoré je prichytené na nosný držiak. Na jeho druhej straně je uložená forma v strediacom knížku, pritláSaná vekom uchyteným na recipiente, v ktorom je vytvarovaný otvor pre přívod a odvod plynov.The invention belongs to the field of vacuum metallurgy and solves the melting device a metal casting in vacuum dental casting. Its essence is that it consists from a melting pot that is stored in the resistance and heating element. This is stored in the heat-insulating mass and that in a case that is attached to the carrier holder. On its other side it is stored form in the centering book, pressed the lid attached to the recipient in which there is an inlet and outlet opening gases.

Description

Vynález sa týká zariadenia na tavenie a odlievanie kovov vo vákuu alebo v ochraně plynov.The invention relates to a device for melting and casting metals in vacuum or in gas protection.

V súčasnosti sa používá odlievanie unikátnych drobných kovových odliatkov spOsobom přesného odlievanie. Používajú sa zložité zariadenia, pričom na vyplnenie formy kovom, najma častí s veTmi malým prierezom, sa využívá odstředivé sila vytvořená otáčavým pohybom formy. Také zariadenia sú poměrně vel’ké, hlučné, energeticky náročné, finančně .nákladné. V určitých prípadoch, ako například při použití praku hrozí nebezpečenstvo úrazu.At present, casting of unique small metal castings using precision casting is used. Complex devices are used, wherein the centrifugal force generated by the rotary movement of the mold is used to fill the mold with the metal, especially the parts with a very small cross-section. Such devices are relatively large, noisy, energy consuming, and costly. In some cases, such as using a sling, there is a risk of injury.

Uvedené nedostatky sú odstránené zariadením na tavenie a odlievanie kovov vo vákuu, v ktorom na vytvorenie vákua a přetlaku v recipiente sa použije rotačné výveva a na tavenie vsádky sa využívá odporové vyhrievacie teleso podTa vynálezu, ktorého podstata je v tom, že v odporovom vyhrievacom telese je zasunutý taviaci téglik a odporové vyhrievacie teleso je uložené v tepelnoizolačnej hmotě, ktorá je umiestnená v púzdre, ktoré je prichytené na jednu stranu nosného držiaka s vytvarovanou drážkou, pričom na druhej straně nosného držiaka je prichytený strediaci krúžok so strediacimi elementární, v ktorých je umiestnená forma, ktorá je zapracovaná v nosnom plášti, pričom na formu dosade veko, ktoré je íalej připevněné na recipient a v ktorom je vytvarovaný otvor pre přívod a odvod plynov.These drawbacks are overcome by a vacuum melting and casting apparatus in which a rotary vacuum pump is used to generate vacuum and positive pressure in the recipient and a resistance heater according to the invention is used to melt the batch, which is characterized in that the resistance heater is the inserted melting crucible and the resistive heater are housed in a heat insulating material, which is housed in a housing that is attached to one side of the support bracket with a shaped groove, the other side of the support bracket retaining a centering ring with centering element in which the mold , which is incorporated in the support shell, the lid being in the form of a lid which is further attached to the recipient and in which a gas inlet and outlet opening is formed.

Výhody zariadenia na tavenie a odlievanie kovov vo vákuu sú v tom, že je nenáročné na jeho výrobu, má malé rozměry, nemá žiadne hlučné časti, pracuje s vysokou produktivitou, má malú spotřebu energie a jednoduchá obsluhu. Tavenie kovov sa mOže robiť v okolitej atmosféře vzduchu, vo vákuu alebo v ochraně plynov. Tým je zaručený dobrý metalurgický proces tavenia zliatin s rOznou chemickou podstatou. Vlastné zariadenie nemá žiadne rotujúce častij ani rýchlo sa pohybujúce, a preto je bezpečné.The advantages of a vacuum melting and casting plant are that it is easy to manufacture, has small dimensions, has no noisy parts, works with high productivity, has low power consumption and is easy to operate. Melting of metals can be done in an ambient air atmosphere, under vacuum or in gas protection. This ensures a good metallurgical process for melting alloys with different chemical bases. The device itself has no rotating parts or fast moving parts and is therefore safe.

Zariadenie podTa vynálezu je znázorněné na připojených výkresoch, kde na obr. 1 je schématické znézornenie zariadenia na tavenie a odlievanie kovov vo vákuu, na obr. 2 je znázorněný rez formou před odlievaním a na obr. 3 je znázorněný rez formou po odlievaní.The device according to the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a vacuum melting and casting apparatus; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mold prior to casting; and FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of a mold after casting.

Zariadenie podl’a vynálezu na obr. 1 pozostáva z taviaceho téglika X, ktorý je zasunutý do odporového ohrievacieho telesa 2. Odporové ohrievaoie teleso 2, je zhotovené z keramiky a opatřené vinutím z odporového drótu, ktorý m8že být například z platiny, molybdénu alebo z kantalu. Odporové ohrievaoie teleso 2 je umiestnené v tepelnoizolačnej hmotě 2, například z minerálnej vaty a je uložené v púzdre 14.The device according to the invention in FIG. 1 consists of a melting crucible X, which is inserted into a resistive heater 2. The resistive heater 2 is made of ceramic and provided with a resistive wire winding, which may be, for example, platinum, molybdenum or cantalum. The resistance heater 2 is housed in a thermal insulation material 2, for example of mineral wool, and is housed in a housing 14.

Púzdro JJ- je prichytené na nosný držiak 12 s vytvarovanou drážkou JJ. Keramická forma 2, zapracované v nosnom plášti 2, sa umiestni do požadovanej polohy strediacim krúžkom 8 so strediacimi elementární 2· Zetvorením veka 4 recipienta 10 - s otvorom 11 pre přívod a odvod plynov, sa forma 6 přitlačí k taviacemu tégliku 1. Spojenie formy 6 a taviaceho téglika χ nemusí být plynotesné. Tavenie vsúdzky J sa mOže robit! v okolitej atmosféře vzduchu, vo vákuu alebo v ochraně plynov.The housing 11 is attached to a support holder 12 with a shaped groove 11. The ceramic mold 2, incorporated in the support shell 2, is placed in the desired position by the centering ring 8 with the centering element 2. By forming the lid 4 of the recipient 10 - with the gas inlet and outlet 11, the mold 6 is pressed against the crucible. and the melting crucible χ need not be gas-tight. Melting of J can be done! ambient air, vacuum or gas protection.

Rez formou před odlievaním na obr. 2 je tvořený samotnou formou 6, v ktorej je vytvarovaná dutina budúceho odliatku. Vsádzka J sa nachádza v taviaoom tégliku i, ktorý je vsadený dó odporového ohrievacieho telesa 2.The cross-section of the mold before casting in FIG. 2 is formed by the mold 6 itself, in which the cavity of the future casting is shaped. The inlet J is located in a melting crucible 1 which is inserted into the resistance heating element 2.

Rez formou po odlievaní na obr. 3 je otočený o 180° a pozostáva rovnako zo samotnéj formy ť>> z taviaceho téglika X a z odporového ohrievacieho telesa 2, kde roztavený kov je odliaty do dutiny vo formě 6.The cross-section of the mold after casting in FIG. 3 is rotated through 180 [deg.] And also consists of the mold itself, a melting crucible X and a resistive heater 2, wherein the molten metal is cast into the cavity in the mold 6.

Funkcia zariadenia podTa vynálezu ja nasledovné: Do taviaceho téglika X sa vloží vsádzka J. Keramická forma 6 připravená na odlievanie sa umiestni spolu s nosným pláštom 2 do recipienta JJ, strediacim krúžkom 8 a strediacimi elementami 2 sa vymedzí jej správná poloha. Zetvorením veka 4 sa forma 6 nosným pláštom 2 přitlačí k taviacemu tégliku X·The operation of the device according to the invention is as follows: A batch J is placed in the melting crucible X. The ready-to-cast ceramic mold 6 is placed together with the support shell 2 in the recipient 11, the centering ring 8 and centering elements 2 define its correct position. By forming the lid 4, the mold 6 is pressed against the crucible X by the support sheath 2.

Vsádzka J sa vyhřeje na požadovanú teplotu.The feed J is heated to the desired temperature.

' 228768'228768

Tavenie sa robí buá v okolitej atmosféře vzduchu, vo vákuu, alebo v ochraně plynu. Roztavený kov sa vyleje do formy tak, že recipient 10 sa pootočí o uhol 180°. Proces odlievania sa robí tak, že tesne před pootočením recipienta 10 do polohy odlievania sa z něho vyčerpá vzduch alebo ochranný plyn. Ihneá po naliati roztaveného kovu do formy 6. sa vytvoří v recipiente J_4 přetlak, ktorý pfisobí na povrch roztaveného kovu v náliatku a ktorý sa na tento povrch dostane cez drážku 13 nosného držiaka 12.Melting is done either in the ambient air atmosphere, in vacuum, or in gas protection. The molten metal is poured into the mold by rotating the recipient 10 through an angle of 180 °. The casting process is carried out in such a way that just before the recipient 10 is turned into the casting position, air or shielding gas is exhausted therefrom. Immediately after pouring the molten metal into the mold 6, an overpressure is created in the recipient 14 which applies to the molten metal surface in the spout and which reaches this surface through the groove 13 of the support holder 12.

Na vytvorenie přetlaku v recipiente 10 sa použije vzduch, ktorý do něho natlačí rotačná výveva cez jej výstupný otvor. Týmto spfisobom sa vytvoria velmi dobré podmienky na to, aby kov zatiekol aj do veTmi úzkých, malých prierezov formy. Přetlak sa pohybuje v rozsahu od 101,325 do 506,625 kPa, Po stuhnutí kovu vo formě 6 sa forma 6 zo zariadenia vyberie a celý pracovný cyklus sa mfiže opakovat.To generate overpressure in the recipient 10, air is used to press the rotary vacuum pump through it through its outlet. In this way, very good conditions are created for the metal to flow into very narrow, small cross-sections of the mold. The overpressure ranges from 101.325 to 506.625 kPa. After the metal has solidified in the mold 6, the mold 6 is removed from the apparatus and the entire working cycle can be repeated.

Taviaci téglik 1 mříže byť vyrobený například z čistého korundu, oxidu horečnatého, zirkonu, zirkónsilikátu alebo z grafitu.The melt crucible 1 can be made, for example, of pure corundum, magnesium oxide, zirconium, zirconium silicate or graphite.

-i Zariadenie podTa vynálezu sa mfiže použiť na výrobu odliatkov tvarovo veTmi členitých, s veTmi jemným reliéfom alebo s veTmi tenkou hrúbkou steny, ako například v stomatologii.The device according to the invention can be used for the production of castings having a very rugged shape, a very fine relief or a very thin wall thickness, such as in dentistry.

Ide najma o práce v stomatologii, zlatníctve, medajlérstve a pri odlievaní miniatúrnych t sošiek z řezných zliatin kovov, s vysokým nárokom na presnosť rozmerov, tvarov a kvalitu vyrábaných odliatkov.These are mainly work in dentistry, goldsmithing, mediation and casting of miniature t statuettes from cutting metal alloys, with high demands on accuracy of dimensions, shapes and quality of produced castings.

Claims (1)

Zariadenie he tavenie a odlievanie kovov vo vákuu, v ktorom na vytvorenie vékua a přetlaku v recipiente sa připojí rotačhé vývevaa na tavenie vsádzky odporové ohrievacie teleso, vyznačené tým, že v odporovom ohrievacom telese (2) je zasunutý taviaci téglik (1) a odporové ohrievacie teleso (2) je uložené v tepelno-izolačnej hmotě (5), ktorá je umiestnená v púzdre (14), ktoré je prichytené na jednu stranu nosného držiaka (12) s vytvarovanou drážkou (13), pričom na druhej straně nosného držiaka (12) je prichytený strediaci krúžok (8) so strediacimi elementární (9), v ktorých je umiestnená forma (6), ktoré je zapracovaná v nosnom plášti (7), pričom na formu (6) dosadá veko (4), ktoré je áalej připevněné na recipient (10) a v ktorom je vytvarovaný otvor (11) pre přívod a odvod plynov.Apparatus for melting and casting metals in vacuum, in which a rotary vacuum pump and a resistance heating element are connected to produce a lid and overpressure in the recipient, characterized in that a melting crucible (1) and a resistance heating element are inserted in the resistance heating element (2). the body (2) is housed in a heat insulating material (5), which is housed in a housing (14) which is attached to one side of the support bracket (12) with a shaped groove (13), the other side of the support bracket (12) ), a centering ring (8) with elementary centering (9) is attached, in which a mold (6), which is incorporated in the support shell (7), is placed, with the lid (4) resting on the mold (4), on the recipient (10) and in which an opening (11) for gas inlet and outlet is formed.
CS767082A 1982-10-28 1982-10-28 Apparatus for smelting and casting metals in vacuo CS228768B1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ298582B6 (en) * 2002-04-29 2007-11-14 Device for vacuum die-casting

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ298582B6 (en) * 2002-04-29 2007-11-14 Device for vacuum die-casting

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