CS215352B1 - Method of dying or printing the cellulose materials - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a process for dyeing or printing an eelulosic material with anionic dyes using a novel type of quaternary ammonium compounds. In this process, a high-temperature treatment of the textile material must be carried out.

Dyeing or printing of cellulose fibers using quaternary ammonium compounds

(1) (2) of formulas (1) and (2) react in an alkaline environment with the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. Compounds of formula (1) react directly, compounds of formula (2) react so that in an alkaline environment they first produce a compound of formula (1).

In the reaction with cellulose there is an etherification, the compounds react with an epoxy group with a hydroxyl group of cellulose. The quaternary ammonium group is then able to bind anionic dyes in the next phase.

The application of the compounds of the general formulas (1) and (2) is most advantageous by first cationing the cellulosic textile material in an alkaline medium and then applying the dye in a second bath only.

Simultaneous dyeing and cationization provide advantages only when fixed with a cold pack.

In thermofixation processes, the use of dyes, especially reactive dyes, is relatively low. This disadvantage is overcome by the formulations according to the invention, characterized by the general formula (3), which has recently become a very widespread technology and is embedded in a number of inventions. The advantages of using these compounds are indisputable, in particular an increase in the use of dyes, an increase in durability and a reduction in washing requirements make these processes attractive.

Their use lies in the fact that compounds

R,

Y-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -N-R ₂

_And R (3)

-IY-

where X is anion of a strong inorganic or organic acid, Y Hal element atom n integer 1, 2, 3, R _1? R _a , an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl hydrogen atom having a carbon number of 1 to 5, r ₂ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 20 carbons, alkylaryl of 7 to 26 carbons or aryl of 6, 10 or 12 carbons.

R ₂ - CH _{2 -} CH ₂ - Y ->

, R ₃

R,

Y-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -N-R ₂

AND

R ₃

Compounds of this type react with cellulose in the presence of ammonia-releasing substances at temperatures above 180 ° C to form a covalent bond. It is particularly hexamethylenetetramine and ammonium carbonate.

This gives the possibility to use these substances in dyeing and printing cellulosic materials.

The presence of anionic dyes or other excipients such as migration inhibitors and thickeners has been shown not to affect the reaction. As a result, the compounds according to the invention differ significantly from the compounds of the general formulas (1) and (2).

For the method for dyeing or printing according to the invention are suitable in particular compounds of formula (3), which have the Y chlorine or bromine atom and R ₂ are methyl groups.

As the anion of the X ^й suitable even on those of inorganic acids, for example chloride, bromide, sulfate, phosphate, and anions of organic acids, such as anions of aromatic as well as lower aliphatic sulfonic acids such as benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, methanesulfonate or ethanesulfonate, further then anionic acid alkyl ester esters of inorganic acids such as metosulfate or etosulfate.

The following compounds may be mentioned as representatives of the compounds of formula (3):

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride, N (2-bromoethyl) -N-hydroxyethyl-N, N-dimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-stearylammonium chloride,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium chloride,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-X-phenylammonium chloride,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide, N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethylammonium chloride,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2-bromoethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethyl ammonium acetate,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium toluenesulfonate.

These compounds can be prepared by known reactions, for example by quaternizing Jerciary amines with dihaloalkanes according to the scheme:

wherein the meaning of R _1, R ₂ , R ₃ , Y is the same as that of formula (3).

Another example is the reaction already described in the literature, namely Renshaw (Chemische Zentralblatt, 1913, p. 237):

CH ₂ Br | + N (CH ₃ ) ₃

CH ₂ Br

CH ₃

CH ₂ —CH ₂ —N — CH ₃

I I

Br CH ₃ +

The dyeing method according to the invention is suitable for yarns, strands and flat fabrics such as fabrics, knitted fabrics or nonwovens. The textile material must contain hydroxyl groups such as native cellulose fibers or regenerated cellulose fibers. It may consist of a mixture of these fibers with polyester, polyacrylic or triacetate fibers.

The dyeing and printing process according to the invention is particularly suitable for anionic dyes known as direct, reactive and acid dyes. These dyes are described in the Color Index, 3rd Edition (1971). Applications of these dyes are given in the examples.

Fiber processing compounds of formula (3) is carried out so that the textile material is printed or klocuje known procedures aqueous bath comprising a compound of formula (3) in an amount of 5 to 100'g.kg- ^1, in particular from 10 to 60 ¹ g.kg and a substance splitting off ammonia, in amounts 5-lOOg.kg ^1, based on the weight of the printing paste or padding liquor.

Ammonia splitting substances are known compounds used for various industrial purposes. Both the organic compounds, for example hexamethylenetetraamine, and the inorganic compounds based on ammonium salts, for example ammonium carbonate, are suitable for the dyeing and printing process of the invention.

The printing pastes contain conventional dies, for example galactomannans, alginates, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, starches or natural gums.

The flocculation bath is applied to the textile material with a degree of squeezing of 60 to 100%. After drying at 70 to 140 ° C, fixation is carried out. Fixation with. may be done by dry heat heat treatment or by steaming with superheated steam. Dry heat and superheated steam fixation is carried out for 1 to 15 minutes at 180 to 230 ° C.

Claims (2)

SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION Method for dyeing or printing cellulosic materials, in particular textile, in which cellulose fibers are dyed with anionic dyes using high-temperature fixation, characterized in that before or during dyeing or printing. the cellulosic material is treated with quaternary ammonium. a compound of formula (3) Rj Αχ »I n Y-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -N-R ₂ IL where X is the anion of a strong inorganic or organic acid, Y Hal element atom n whole area> 1, 2, 3 ,, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or a hydroxyalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 2; 5, R. alkyl. or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 20 carbons, alkylaryl of 7 to 26 carbons or aryl of 6, 10 or 12 carbons and substance, cleaving ammonia during fixation at temperature 180 to 230 ° C. 2.. The method for dyeing and / or printing according to claim 1, characterized in that the ammonia-eliminating substance is:. with hexamethylenetetramine or ammonium carbonate.