CS215351B1 - Method of dying and printing the textiles from the mixture of polyester and cellulose fibres - Google Patents

Description

Since the alkali is not part of the dyeing bath or printing paste, the dispersion dye utilization on the polyester portion is not impaired.

Substantive and reactive dyes can be used advantageously to cover the cellulosic moiety.

The invention relates to a single-stage single-stage dyeing or printing of toxtics from mixtures of polyester and cellulose fibers with disperse and anionic dyes, in the presence of quaternary ammonium compounds. In this process, a high-temperature treatment of the textile material must be carried out.

The dyeing and printing of blends of cellulose and polyester fibers is, despite considerable advances in chemical refinement technology, an area where new, more rational dyeing processes are being sought. Indeed, the different dyeability of both parts of the mixture makes it difficult to use economical single-stage one-stage processes, so that the majority of textiles are dyed with two-stage or single-stage two-stage processes.

For printing, pigment dyes are used which are fixed on the fibers by synthetic film-forming binders. The use of dispersive and reactive dyes in textile printing is still complicated by the fact that the printing pastes must contain alkali to fix the reactive dye, which leads to a deteriorated use of disperse dyes. This leads to soiling of the white soil during subsequent washing. The use of special disperse dyes, which are fixed to the cellulosic portion by means of batnadels, is so far very expensive and is associated with some environmental problems.

These drawbacks are overcome by the dyeing or printing process of single-stage and single-stage, using high-temperature fixation, in which all additives are applied to the fabric in a single aqueous bath or aqueous paste with an anionic and disperse dye. The fabric is blended with polyester and cellulose fibers and treated with an ammonium cleavage material during fixation at 180 to 230 ° C and a quaternary ammonium compound of formula (1)

R i_X · Y-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -N + -R ₂ ⁿ (1)

R ₃ where X is an anion of a strong inorganic or organic acid,

Y atom of halogen element, n integer 1, 2, 3,

R ( ₁₎ , R ( ₃₎ is hydrogen, alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbons,

R _{2 is} alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 3, an alkylaryl having a carbon number of 7 to 9, or phenyl.

Compounds of this type react with cellulose in the presence of ammonia releasing agents at temperatures above 180 ° C to form a covalent bond.

In particular, it is hexamethylenetetramine and ammonium carbonate.

This gives the possibility to use these substances in dyeing and printing cellulosic materials.

The above knowledge can be used for dyeing mixtures of cellulosic and polyester fibers with anionic and disperse dyes. At the same time, the thermo-isolation of the dispersion dye on the polyester fiber also causes a reaction between the compounds of the invention and cellulose. The quaternary ammonium group simultaneously binds the anionic dye. Because the bath or the printing paste is not alkali, the stability of the dyeing baths or printing pastes is not impaired, and the use of the dispersion dye on the polyester portion is not impaired. Substantial, reactive, acidic and metal complex dyes can be used to cover the cellulose content.

In dyeing or printing, the dyeing baths and / or printing pastes, in addition to the dispersion and anionic dyes, also contain the compounds of formula (1), a heat-dissociating compound, ammonia and a thickener.

For the method for dyeing or printing according to the invention are suitable in particular compounds of formula (1) having at Y is chlorine or bromine and R _x, R ₂ are methyl groups.

Suitable anions of ^X11 are inorganic acid anions, for example chloride, bromide, sulphate, phosphate, and organic acid anions, for example aromatic and lower aliphatic sulfoacids, such as benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, methanesulfonate or ethanesulfonate, and anionic residues. acid alkyl esters of inorganic acids such as methosulfate or ethosulfate.

The following compounds may be mentioned as representatives of the compounds of formula (1):

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride,

N (2-bromoethyl) -N-hydroxyethyl-N, N-dimethylammonium methosulfate

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-stearylammonium chloride,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium chloride,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-phenylammonium chloride,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethylammonium chloride,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2-bromoethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-1-N-hydroxyethylammonium acetate,

N (2-Chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium umenesulfonate.

These compounds can be prepared by known reactions, for example by quaternizing the tertiary amines with dihaloalkanes according to the scheme:

R ₁

AND

R _{2 -} N + Y - CH _{2 -} CH ₂ - Y ->

R ₃

R,

Y-CH ₂ -CH ₂ -N-R ₂

AND

R ₃

Ykde meaning of R _p R ₂ ^ з> YJ ^e the same as in Formula (1).

Another example is the reaction already described in the literature, namely Renshaw (Chemische Zentralblatt, 1913, p. 237):

CH ₂ Br

I + N (CH3) _3>

CH ₂ Br

CH ₃

CH ₂ —CH ₂ —N — CH ₃ II

BrCH

The dyeing method according to the invention is suitable for yarns, strands and flat fabrics such as fabrics, knitted fabrics or nonwovens. The textile material must contain hydroxyl groups such as native cellulose fibers or regenerated cellulose fibers. It may consist of a mixture of these fibers with polyester, acrylic or triacetate fibers.

The dyeing and printing process according to the invention is particularly suitable for anionic dyes known as direct, reactive and acid dyes. These dyes are described in the Color Index, 3rd Edition (1971). Applications of these dyes are given in the examples.

The treatment of the fibers with the compounds of formula (1) is carried out by printing or kinking the textile material with known water baths containing the compounds of formula (1) in an amount of 6 to 100 g. kg ¹ , in particular 10-60 g. kg ¹ and ammonia splitting agent, 5-100 g. kg ^-1 , based on the weight of the printing paste or flocculation bath.

Ammonia splitting substances are known compounds used for various industrial purposes. Suitable compounds for the dyeing and printing process according to the invention are both organic compounds, for example hexamethylenetetramine, and inorganic compounds based on ammonium salts, for example ammonium carbonate.

The printing pastes contain conventional dies, for example galactomannans, alginates, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, starches or natural gums.

The float bath is applied to the textile material with a degree of squeezing of 60 to 100%. After drying at 70 to 140 ° C, fixation is carried out. The fixation can be carried out by heat treatment by dry heat or by steaming with superheated steam. Dry heat and superheated steam fixation is carried out for 1 to 15 minutes at 180 to 230 ° C.

The degree of utilization of the dyes is very high, with the choice of suitable conditions, full utilization of the dyes can be achieved, which is very advantageous from an economic point of view, especially for reactive dyes. By using substantive dyes, the stability level corresponding to much more expensive reactive, indigosol and vat dyes can be achieved in most criteria.

Simultaneously with the improvement of the dyeability, a suitable choice of the substituents R < ₁ > R ₂ , R ₃ in the general formula (1) of other side effects, such as a sustained softening effect.

The excellent fixing of the dye in the dyeing and printing process according to the invention leads to a reduction in the dyeing time, while the wash liquor remains almost clean after dyeing. This results in a substantial improvement in the purity of the waste water.

The quaternary ammonium compounds of formula (1) can also be used to additionally improve the fastness of dyes or prints which have been made by conventional methods. In fact, this is a new process for fixing anionic dyes.

This is accomplished by impregnating the fabric with a water bath containing a quaternary ammonium compound of formula (1) and an ammonia cleavage material on thermal fixation, in particular hexamethylenetetramine and ammonium carbonate. After drying at 70 to 140 ° C, the fixation is performed with superheated steam or hot air at 180 to 230 ° C for 1 to 15 minutes. The fixed fabric exhibits a substantial improvement in fastness, especially wet and light fastness.

The use of quaternary ammonium compounds of formula (1) for dyeing, printing or fixing is described in detail in the following examples. The color data given in the examples are taken from the Color Index, 3rd Edition (1971), Volume 4.

Example 1

The pre-treated fabric of a mixture of 67% polyester and 33% cotton fibers is flocculated on the fula at 30 ° C with a water bath containing:

g. ¹¹ N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride, g. ¹¹ hexamethylenetetramine, g. I ¹ Dispersion blue С. 1. 73, g. 1 ¹ Direct Blue С. 67, g. I ^"1 alginate solution, 4% aqueous solution.

After flocculation, the fabric is hot-air dried at 90 ° C and fixed with hot air on a thermo-isolating machine at 210 ° C for

s. This is followed by washing with hot water at 80 ° C on a wide-ranging machine.

The resulting dyeing has very good fastness properties, with the dyeing of both portions of the blended fabric being uniform.

A similar result is obtained when another disperse dye, e.g.

Dispersion yellow C. I. 42,

Dispersion Orange C. I. 31,

Disperse Red C. I. 54,

Disperse Red C.I. 72,

Dispersion Blue C.I. 79,

Dispersion Blue C.I. 73, or other direct dye, for example, the direct dye listed in Example 4.

The following compounds have the same effect as the quaternary ammonium compound used:

N (2-bromoethyl) -N-hydroxyethyl-N, N-dimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide, N (2-chloroethyl) -Ν, Ν, Ν-trimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2- (1-Chloro-2-yl) -4- (2,4-dimethoxy) -) - [eta] < 4 &gt; -1,3-di-hydroxy-ammonium acetate.

A similar result is obtained when ammonium carbonate is used in the water bath instead of hexamethylenetetramine.

Example 2

The pre-treated fabric of a mixture of 70% polyester and 30% flax fiber is printed on a flat press using a printing paste of the composition:

g N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethylammonium bromide, g hexamethylenetetramine, g Dispersion red C.I. 121, g Reactive red · C. I. 24,

500 g sodium alginate, 4% aqueous solution,

405 g of water,

1000 g

After drying at 100 to 110 ° C, the fabric is hot-air fixed at 200 ° C for 60 s. · After fixing, the fabric is washed by passing it through a wide-washing machine at a washing water temperature of 50 ° C.

The resulting print has very good fastnesses, especially turkey fastness, even coverage of both parts of the mixture and very good white soil purity.

A similar result is obtained when another disperse dye, for example the disperse dyes mentioned in Example 1, and another reactive dye are used in the printing paste instead of the above dyes.

The following compounds have a similar effect to the quaternary ammonium compound used:

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylaminium chloride],

N (2-bromoethyl) -N-hydroxyethyl-N, N-dimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide,

N (2-c Horety 1) -Ν, Ν, Ν- trimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2-bromoethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethylaminium acetate.

A similar result is obtained when ammonium carbonate is used in the printing paste instead of hexamethylenetetramine.

Example 3

The pre-treated fabric of a mixture of 70% polyester and 30% viscose fibers is flocculated on the fula at a temperature of 15 ° C with a water bath containing:

g. ¹¹ N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-benzylammonium chloride, g. ¹¹ ammonium carbonate, g. 1 ~ 1 Dispersion yellow CI 42, g. I- ¹ Dispersion Blue CI 73, g. 1-1 Acid green CI 12.

After flocculation, the fabric is treated in the same manner as in Example 1.

The resulting dyeing has very good fastnesses, in particular wet fastnesses, and shows uniform coverage of both parts of the mixture. A similar result is obtained when using another disperse dye, for example the disperse dyes mentioned in Example 1, or another acid dye, for example:

Sour Black C. I. 26,

Acid Blue C.I. 113,

Sour Black C. I. 52,

Acid yellow C. I. 42.

The following compounds have a similar effect to the quaternary ammonium compound used:

N - (2-ret ret-ethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium chloride,

N (2-bromoethyl) -N-hydroxyethyl-N, N-dimethylammonium methosulfate;

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethyl ammonium bromide.

Example 4

The viscose staple fabric, dyed with the dye Direct Orange C.I. 39, is tilted at ambient temperature with a water bath containing:

g. 1-1 N (4-bromobutyl) -N, N-diethyl-N-benzylammonium chloride, g. 1 '1 ammonium carbonate.

The flocculated fabric is dried and hot-air fixed at 190 ° C for 90 s. After the fixation, the fabric is washed in a conventional machine on hot and cold water and dried again.

Coloring with very high fastnesses is obtained, especially when wet. This process is very suitable for improving the fastness to dyeing which has been carried out by the known direct dye process.

A similar effect is obtained when the following quaternary ammonium compounds are used:

N (2-bromoethyl) -N-hydroxyethyl-N, N-dimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide,

N (2-chloroethyl) -N, N, N-trimethylammonium methosulfate,

N (2-bromoethyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-hydroxyethylammonium acetate.

A similar result is obtained when hexamethylenetetramine is used instead of ammonium carbonate.

Claims (2)

A process for dyeing or printing single-stage and single-stage polyester / cellulose fiber textiles using high temperature fixation, wherein all additives are applied to the fabric in a single aqueous bath or aqueous paste with an anionic and disperse dye, characterized in that a quaternary treatment is performed an ammonium compound of the formula wherein Y is a halogen atom, X anion of a strong inorganic or organic acid, n an integer of 1, 2 or 3, R _p R ₃ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 3, R _{2 is} alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a carbon number of 1 to 3, an alkylaryl having a carbon number of 7 to 9 or phenyl and an ammonia scavenger at a temperature of 180 to 230 ° C. 2. A method of dyeing or printing according to claim 1, characterized in that hexamethylenetetramine or ammonium carbonate is treated as the ammonia-cleaving agent.