CS210216B1 - A process for producing nonionic, post-pho-active tall oil substances - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technology of production of surfactants. It is based on tall oil and ethylene oxide. The surfactant is obtained by oxyethylation of tall oil, which is refined and hydrogenated before oxyethylation. Refining is carried out by catalytic hydrogenation of the oil in solution, hydrogenation is carried out at elevated temperature, elevated pressure in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst. The tall oil thus treated is oxyethylated in the presence of an alkaline catalyst, thereby obtaining a nonionic surfactant suitable for use as a detergent.

Description

1

The present invention provides a process for the production of nonionic surfactants of oxyethylaluminum oil. The tall oil contains a blend of aliphatic and bituminous acids and is a raw material for the preparation of non-ionic surfactants. The crude tall oil contains a small amount of methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide, causing its unpleasant odor. For the preparation of surfactants, tall oil distilled and refined is used. However, often the refining and distillate treatment of tall oil is not sufficient to completely remove odor. The preparation of emulsifiers and dispersants by tall oil oxyethylase is known (Brit. Pat. 705,117). In ČSSR, a low foaming emulsifier is produced from tall oil and defoamer (Blažej A. et al .: Surfactants, Alfa Bratislava, 1977, p. 128). Oxyethylated alkyl oil can be used for washing e.g. in a mixture with an alkylarylsulfonate (Brit.pat. 467 571) or an oxyethylated tero. dodoylmercaptan (U.S. Pat. No. 2,572,805).

One way of modifying tall oil is by hydrogenation, which, by saturating the double oil and reducting the carboxyl groups, is both alcoholic and odoronic. The best results are obtained by a two-stage hydrogenation (U.S. Pat. No. 2,727,885), in which the tall oil is first hydrogenated with the presence of Raney nickel catalyst, at a temperature of 120 to 300 ° C and a hydrogen pressure of 0.7 MPa. After the separately used catalyst, the second stage of hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a micronized catalyst at a temperature of 260 ° C and a pressure of 35 MPa.

A disadvantage of the known processes for the preparation of hydrogen-hydrogenated oil-based surfactants is the complex and economically demanding two-stage pressurized hydrogenation process which precedes oxyethylaemia. In addition, the products obtained are colored and encapsulated

According to the invention, the process for the preparation of nonionic surfactants from the tallow oil is carried out by a two-stage hydrogenation, in a second hydrogenation step in the presence of nickel and / or copper-stiff catalyst at a hydrogen pressure of 30 to 35 bar and a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C and oxyethylation of the hydrogenation product with addition of alkane the catalyst, with 4 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide, calculated on the average molecular weight *. In the first hydrogenation step, the tall oil is diluted with aliphatic hydrocarbons with alcohols, or with an inky or naphthenic or aromatic solvent, in a ratio of 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of the tall oil, and hydrogenated with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, in the presence of a nickel catalyst. 2 to 15 wt.%, most preferably 8 to 10, calculated on tall oil, at 40 to 80 ° C for 3 to 8 hours, preferably with Raney type catalyst containing adsorbed and bound hydrogen. An advantage of the process according to the invention is that the first stage of pressurized hydrogenation of the subsoil processes is replaced by refining at atmospheric pressure using hydrogen, in the presence of a hydrogenation nickel catalyst. The hydrogenation process according to the invention utilizes in particular hydrogen bonded to the catalyst. This is the result of the desalination of tall oil. which facilitates its processing in the second stage hydrogenation. The product obtained has a bromine number of 0.2-2 g Br.sub.2 / 100 g, which indicates saturation of the double bonds. The non-ionic surfactants prepared by hydrogenation are colorless and do not odor, allowing their use even in very demanding applications, e.g. in cosmetics. The higher efficiency of the surfactants in neutral environments, with the addition of sodium chloride, also proves the higher effect of the process according to the invention.

The method of producing nonionic surfactants according to the invention is more advantageous to the economist, and we know the two-stage pressure procedures, since the total cost of the first stage hydrogenation is lower than that of the pressure processes. EXAMPLE 1 340 g of distilled tall oil, 500 g of ethyl alcohol, 30 g of nickel catalyst according to Raney are heated in a stream of 2 l flask equipped with a low-temperature condenser with stirring. The refining hydrogenation is carried out at a reaction temperature of 50 ° C and lasts for 4 hours. After the product has been cooled, the catalyst is separated by filtration and the ethyl alcohol is distilled off. 345 β refined tall oil is obtained.

The refined tall oil is filled with 40 g of copper-chromium catalyst in a 1 l autoclave. Hydrogen is added to a pressure of 5 MPa and the autoclave is heated to 280 ° C. After this temperature is reached, the hydrogen pressure is adjusted to 30 MPa and the reaction lasts 8 hours under these conditions. After cooling the autoclave to 70 ° C, the reaction product was filtered through a heated filter. The yield of hydrogenated oil was 348 g.

The oxyethylation is carried out in a pressurized stainless autoclave equipped with a stirrer in an inert environment. 348 g of a two-stage refined tall oil are reacted at a maximum temperature of 140 ° C in the presence of 0.35 with NaOH with ethylene oxide added to the reaction mixture in portions. The stalk is added to a reaction of 12 moles of ethylene oxide on a small tallow oil. Working at a pressure of 0.3 MPa. Upon completion of the reaction, a solid, white, odorless product is obtained which no longer needs to be bleached or refined. Example 2

The first step - hydrogenation hydrogenation of tall oil in the absence of hydrogen - is the same as in Example 1. 4 g of catalyst are used per 340 g of tall oil, and the reaction is continued for 8 hours at 60 ° C. 350 g of product are obtained.

The second step of hydrogenation is similar to Example 1. 350 g of refined tall oil, 50 g of copper chromium catalyst and hydrogen are introduced into the autoclave at 20 MPa. The reaction is carried out at a pressure of 35 MPa, a temperature of 310 ° C for 8 hours. Yield 357 g.

The hydrogenated tall oil is oxyethylated as in Example 1. The reaction is carried out at a maximum temperature of 150 ° C, a pressure of 0.3 MPa in the presence of 0.2% by weight. NaOH.

Claims (1)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Process for preparing nonionic tall oil surfactants by two-stage hydrogenation, in a second hydrogenation step, in the presence of a nickel and / or meanochromium catalyst at a hydrogen pressure of 30 to 35 MPa and a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C and oxyethylation of the hydrogenation product. 20 moles of ethylene oxide, calculated on an average molecular weight *, characterized in that in the first hydrogenation step the tall oil is diluted with aliphatic alcohols or a paraffinic or a naphthenic or aromatic solvent in a proportion by weight of tall oil of 0.5 to 3 parts and hydrotreated with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, in an amount of 2 to 15% by weight, most preferably 8 to 10, based on body oil, at 40 to 80 ° C for 3 to 8 hours, preferably with catalyst Of Raney type, which contains adsorbed and bound hydrogen.