CS209787B1 - Method of manufacturing specific,especially intricate-shaped castings from aluminium,copper or alloys - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing specific,especially intricate-shaped castings from aluminium,copper or alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS209787B1 CS209787B1 CS815473A CS815473A CS209787B1 CS 209787 B1 CS209787 B1 CS 209787B1 CS 815473 A CS815473 A CS 815473A CS 815473 A CS815473 A CS 815473A CS 209787 B1 CS209787 B1 CS 209787B1
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- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- alloys
- graphite
- aluminium
- copper
- vacuum
- Prior art date
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000979 O alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007531 graphite casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Description
Vynález sa týká výroby špeciálnych, naj.má tvarové náročných odliatkov z médi, hliníka a ich zliatin o vysokej kyslíkovej čistotě a s vysokou elektrickou vodivostou.The invention relates to the production of special, in particular shape-intensive, castings of medium, aluminum and their alloys of high oxygen purity and high electrical conductivity.
V praxi, najma vysokovákuovej technike, sa používajú výrobky z médi, hliníka a ich zliatin, ktoré sú konstrukčně velmi členité. Přitom sa požaduje, aby malí vysokú elektrická vodivost, Čoho predpokladom je vysoká čistota kovu použitého na ich výrobu. I malé hmotnostně % kyslíka, vodíka a dusíka sú velmi nežiadúce. Zatialčo odstránenie vodíka a dusíka sú operácie poměrné nenáročné, odstránenie kyslíka je spojené so značnými tažkosťami, pretože disociačné napStie kysličníkov je vo všeobecnosti velmi nízké. Také požiadavky sa kladu na súčiastky určené pre zariadenia vysokovákuovej techniky, například kolektory vapotronov. Doteraz sa takéto súčiastky vyrábali najma trieskovým obrábaním z vysokočistej, bezkyslíkatej médi.In practice, especially high-vacuum technology, products made of media, aluminum and their alloys are used which are structurally highly articulated. At the same time, it is required that the electrical conductivity be low, which is conditional on the high purity of the metal used for their production. Even small percentages of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen are highly undesirable. While the removal of hydrogen and nitrogen are relatively unpretentious operations, the removal of oxygen is associated with considerable difficulty since the dissociation voltage of the oxides is generally very low. Such requirements are imposed on components intended for high-vacuum equipment, for example vapotron collectors. Up to now, such components have been produced, in particular, by chip machining from high-purity, oxygen-free media.
Tento spósob je velmi pracný a preto ekonomicky nevýhodný. Často je potřebné jeden výrobok vytvořit z niekolkých častí, ktoré sa po obrobení na požadovaný tvar navzájom spájajú spájkovaním v redukčnej atmosféře alebo vo vakuu. V případe použitia redukčnej atmosféry je často potřebné použit med s velmi nízkým obsahom kyslíka, aby sa predišlo vzniku mikrotrhlín v dósledku vodíkovej nemoci. Trhlinami sa takýto výrobok stává nevhodným pre použitie vo vysokovákuovej technike.This method is very laborious and therefore economically disadvantageous. Often, it is necessary to form one product from several parts which, after machining to the desired shape, are joined together by soldering in a reducing atmosphere or under vacuum. In the case of using a reducing atmosphere, it is often necessary to use honey with a very low oxygen content to prevent the formation of micro-cracks due to hydrogen disease. Through cracking, such a product becomes unsuitable for use in high vacuum technology.
Vynález navrhuje ekonomicky výhodná výrobu, najma tvarové členitých výrobkov z vysokočistej najma bezkyslíkatej médi, hliníka a ich zliatin, čím odpadá ekonomicky nevýhodné trieskové, připadne iné prácne obrábanie z vysokočistého kovu, ako aj nutnost spájania dielcov tvoriacich konečný výrobok.The invention proposes an economically advantageous manufacture, in particular of shaped articles of high purity, in particular oxygen-free, aluminum and their alloys, thereby avoiding economically disadvantageous shavings or other high-purity metal machining as well as the necessity of joining the components forming the final product.
Med, hliník alebo ich zliatiny s nízkým obsahom kyslíka sa tavia a odlievajú v grafitóvom tégliku umiestnenom s grafitovou formou v priestore vákuovej pece vo vakuu, a to podlá vynálezu minimálně radové 1,33 Pa za nepřetržitého styku so spektrálné čistým grafitom, pričom roztavená tavenina preteká z grafitového téglika cez viaceré otvory do grafitovej formy plynule tenkými prúdmi.The low-oxygen honey, aluminum or alloys thereof are melted and cast in a graphite crucible placed with the graphite mold in a vacuum furnace space under a vacuum of at least 1.33 Pa in continuous contact with spectral pure graphite while the molten melt flows from a graphite crucible through multiple holes into a graphite mold by continuously thin streams.
Kombínáciou faktorov známých, t. j. spojenia taviaceho grafitového téglika s odlievacou grafitovou formou a ich umiestnenie do vákuovej pece 8 novými prvkami, ako je použitie spektrálné Čistého grafitu na taviací téglik, odlievaciu formu a na otvory spájajúce, tieto súčas-2 ti zariadenia, použitie vakua minimálně řádové 1,33 Pa, dalej konStrukčné usporiadanie spojovacích otvorov zodpovedajúce tvarovej členitosti odliatku, pričom roztavený kov tečie z grafitového téglika plynule tenkými prúdmi stále v styku s tuhým spektrálné čistým grafitom do grafitovej formy, sa získá velmi kvalítný čistý odliatok, Vyšší účinok sa dosahuje nájmá v dósledku nepřetržitého styku taveniny so spektrálné čistým grafitom, čím sa nielen vylúči styk taveniny s okolitým prostředím, ale grafit zároveň víaže na seba kyslík, ktorý je pri odlievaní tažko oddělitelný.By combining known factors, i. j. joining the melting graphite crucible with the casting graphite mold and placing them in a vacuum furnace 8 with new elements such as the use of spectral pure graphite on the melting crucible, the casting mold and the apertures connecting these two devices, using a vacuum of at least 1.33 Pa further designing the connection holes corresponding to the shape of the casting, whereby the molten metal flows from the graphite crucible with continuously thin streams still in contact with the solid spectral pure graphite into the graphite mold, a high-quality pure casting is obtained. with spectral pure graphite, which not only avoids contact of the melt with the surrounding environment, but graphite also binds to itself oxygen, which is difficult to separate during casting.
Odliatky vyrobené spósobom podlá vynálezu sú velmi čisté, najmá prosté kyslíka a majú velmi dobru električku vodivost. Povrch odliatku obvykle nevyžaduje úpravu trieskovým obrábahím, kedže je v dósledku neustálého styku so spektrálné Čistým grafitom vyredukovaný a hladký. Vynález umožňuje vyrobit odlievaním naraz aj tvarové velmi složité odliatky, Čím odpadá nutnost případného spojovanía dielcov pri dlhých alebo velmi Členitých výrobkoch. fialšie zvýšenie účinku možno dosiahnut, ak sa grafitová odlíevacia forma vysúva smerom nadol, čo priaznivo ovplyvní kvalitu odliatku usměrněním jeho kryštalizácie a tým dalším zlepšením jeho elektrická j vodivosti.The castings produced by the process of the invention are very clean, in particular oxygen-free and have a very good electric conductivity. The surface of the casting usually does not require a chip treatment, as it is reduced and smooth due to constant contact with spectral pure graphite. The invention makes it possible to produce, at the same time, very complex shaped castings, which eliminates the need for possible joining of parts for long or highly articulated products. a more violent increase in effect can be achieved if the graphite casting mold extends downwards, favorably affecting the quality of the casting by directing its crystallization and thereby further improving its electrical conductivity.
Spósob výroby odliatkov podlá vynálezu možno využit v podnikoch a výskumných ústavoch, zaobe.r a j úc ich sa výrobou súciastek a prístrojov určených pre prácu vo vysokom vákuu, alebo s nárokmi na vysokú elektrickú vodivost, najma pre súčíastky v elektrotechnickom priemysle, osobitne oznámovacej elektrotechníke.The process for producing castings according to the invention can be used in enterprises and research institutes, both for the manufacture of components and apparatus intended to work under high vacuum, or with high electrical conductivity requirements, especially for components in the electrical industry, in particular the electrical engineer.
Na pripojenom výkrese je na obr. 1 v pozdížnom řeze schematicky znázorněná podstatná Část zariadenia pre odlievanie tvarovo členitého odliatku s použitím spócobu podlá vynálezu, na obr. 2 je rez rovinou C-C, na obr. 3 rez rovinou £-B a na obr. 4 rez rovinou z obr. 1.In the attached drawing, FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a substantial portion of an apparatus for casting a articulated casting using the method of the invention; FIG. 2 is a section along line C-C; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B - B and FIG. 4 shows a section through the plane of FIG. First
Zariadenie pozostáva z taviaceho téglika £ spojeného s formou £, ktoré sú zo spektrálné čistého grafitu,. Taviací grafitový téglik £ je opatřený v spodnej časti 'odplyňovacími kanálikmi 6 a prietokovými otvormi £, vyústujúcimi do grafitovej formy £. Pre výrobu tvarové členitého dutého odliatku £ je vo grafitovej formě £ umiestnené jádro £, ktoré je tiež zo spektrálné čistého grafitu.The apparatus consists of a melting crucible (6) associated with the mold (6) which is of spectral pure graphite. The melting graphite crucible 6 is provided in the lower part with degassing channels 6 and flow openings 6 opening into the graphite mold 6. For the production of a shaped segmented hollow casting 6, a core 8, which is also of spectral pure graphite, is placed in graphite form 6.
Odplyfíovacíe kanáliky £ spájajú prietokové otvory £ s priestorom recipienta vákuovej pece za účelom umožnenia kontinuálneho odplyňovania pretekajúcej taveniny.The degassing channels 4 connect the flow openings 4 to the recipient space of the vacuum furnace in order to allow continuous degassing of the flowing melt.
V případe potřeby možno prietokové otvory £ utěsnit po dobu rafinácie zátkami £.If necessary, the flow openings 4 can be sealed with plugs 6 during refining.
So zariadením, ktoré sa umiestňuje do priestoru vákuovej pece, sa pracuje tak, že med alebo hliník alebo ich zliatiny sa vložia do taviaceho grafitového téglika £, roztavia sa a rafinujú sa pri požadovaných podmienkach. Po roztavení a po uplynutí doby rafinácie sa tavenina nechá pretekat do grafitovej formy £, prietokovými otvormi £, pričom sa tavenina súčasne odplyňuje odplyňovacími kanálikmi £. V grafitovej formě £ sa tavenina nechá ztuhnút, pričom je vhodné plynule posúvat celé zariadenie v priebehu tuhnutia taveniny vo vertikálnom smere, aby sa priaznivo ovplyvnilo usmernenie kryštalizácie tuhnúcej taveniny.The apparatus, which is placed in the vacuum furnace space, is operated by placing the honey or aluminum or their alloys in a melting graphite crucible 6, melting and refining under the desired conditions. After melting and after the refining time has elapsed, the melt is allowed to flow into the graphite mold 6 through the flow orifices 6, while the melt is simultaneously degassed through the degassing channels 6. In graphite form 6, the melt is allowed to solidify, and it is desirable to move the entire apparatus continuously during solidification of the melt in a vertical direction in order to favorably influence the crystallization direction of the solidifying melt.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS815473A CS209787B1 (en) | 1973-11-27 | 1973-11-27 | Method of manufacturing specific,especially intricate-shaped castings from aluminium,copper or alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS815473A CS209787B1 (en) | 1973-11-27 | 1973-11-27 | Method of manufacturing specific,especially intricate-shaped castings from aluminium,copper or alloys |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS209787B1 true CS209787B1 (en) | 1981-12-31 |
Family
ID=5431732
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS815473A CS209787B1 (en) | 1973-11-27 | 1973-11-27 | Method of manufacturing specific,especially intricate-shaped castings from aluminium,copper or alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CS (1) | CS209787B1 (en) |
-
1973
- 1973-11-27 CS CS815473A patent/CS209787B1/en unknown
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