CS209306B1 - Manufacturing process of isoalkaline-cyclic component for explosion engine - Google Patents

Description

(54) Method of producing an isoalkane-cyclanic fuel component for spark ignition engines

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of an octane fuel component for spark ignition engines.

Petrol fuel, mainly motor gasoline, is produced by mixing various types of gasoline such as light petroleum from petroleum., Heavy naphtha reformate, pyrolysis gasoline, catalytic cracking gasoline, alkylate, isomerate, hydrotreating gasoline and others. To the mixture obtained, various quality enhancers are usually added, in particular octane enhancers - anti-knockers and oxidation stability enhancers - antioxidants;

Alkaloids such as tetraethylol (TEO), tetramethylol (TMO) and their various physical and chemical mixtures are usually used as anti-knockers. Anti-knockers significantly increase the octane number of gasoline, but the combustion products pollute the air, and it is now believed that the combustion products are harmful to health and therefore the legal limits gradually reduce their permissible content in petrol fuels.

However, modern gasoline engines with a high compression ratio require high octane fuel, which currently ranges from SO to $ 8 octane units according to the octane rating research method, to produce fuel for a limited number of anti-knockout petrol engines with an octane rating specified It is only possible to make the results in the range from 90 to 98 using the method (OČVM) so that the resulting automotive gasoline contains increasingly more octane-valuable components such as reformate or pyrolysis gasoline. However, these types of gasoline contain a lot of aromatic hydrocarbons, although they do

209,306 have a high OTO (usually above 100) but are uncleanly incinerated and contaminating the environment. They are burnt products which, as the latest research suggests, have a considerable canoeerogenic effect.

The aromatic extract raffinate is a mixture of n-alkanes, iso-alkanes and oycloalkanes. The aromatic hydrocarbon content of the raffinate is low, typically less than 2.5% by weight. The distillation range of the raffinate is from 20 to 16 ° C and its OTO is from. 52 to 57 · It is unsuitable for the production of gasoline with an OCT of 90-98 and is used as a raw material for the production of technical gasoline, or as a raw material for pyrolysis or its fraction boiling above 90 ° 0 as a raw material for catalytic reforming.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of an isoalkanocyclanic fuel component for spark ignition engines, said component being octane grade, containing at least an amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, and reducing the aroma content of the resulting spark ignition fuel and / or reducing the amount of added anti-knock.

The process for producing an isoalkane-oyclanic component of a spark ignition engine fuel according to the invention is as follows.

The aromatic extract raffinate in the first stage is fractionated into two fractions, the first fraction having a distillation range of 20 to 100 ° 0 and the species above 100 ° C.

The n-hexane is separated from the first fraction in the second step by a further fractionation and / or adsorption. In the fractionation process for the manufacture of a spark-ignition component according to the invention, it is advantageous to produce it in one step using one fractionation column or three sequential fractionation columns. Thus, the isoalkanocyclanic fuel component of the spark ignition engine of the present invention is a mixture of hydrocarbons having a distillation range of from 20 to 100 ° C, an OTO of from 75 to 90, an aroma content of less than 0.80 wt%. . and the n-hexane content is less than 5 wt.

The following examples illustrate the production method, properties and the like. the possibilities of using the isoalkanocyclanic fuel component for spark ignition engines according to the invention but without limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

By fractionating the raffinate from the aromatic extraction, a fraction having a distillation range of 25 to 95 ° C was prepared from which n-hexane was separated by fractionation. The resulting fracoia had an OC of 83, an aromatic hydrocarbon content of 0.15 wt%, a n-hexane content of 2.8 wt%. The component thus prepared was designated B1.

Example 2

By fractionating the raffinate from the aromatic extraction, a fraction having a distillation range of 28 to 85 ° C was prepared. The n-hexane was removed from this fraction by adsorption on the Calsit 5 A molecular sieve. The fraction obtained had an OTA of 86, an aromatics content of 0.13% by weight, a n-hexane content

1.3 wt. and labeled B2,

Example 3

By blending the reformate, light petroleum and fractions B 1, B 2 according to Examples 1 and 2, as well as the tetraethyl tolyetone (TEO) anti-ketone, the spark ignition engines were prepared so that the IOC was 96.

as well as the quality parameters of fractions Table 1 1, B 2 is given in Table 1. mark B 1 B 2 Mixture 1 Mixture 2 Mixture 3 Composition% vol. . reformate - - 60 45 55 light petrol - - 5 5 5 B 1 100 - 35 - - B 2 - 100 - . 50 40 Density kg / nP 675.6 660.2 738.4 715.3 727.5 Distillation curve ČSN start of distillation ° C 26 29 32 .33 35 10% distilled ° C 42 38 51 46 50 50% distillate ° C 72 53 92 74 of ⁸² 95% distilled ° C 91 78 163 165 165 end of distillation ° C 97 183 176 178 OČVI.l without · addition ΤΞΟ 83 86 90.0 88.6 89.1 SQUARE with addition of TEO - - 96 ' 96 96 Contents of TEOg Pb / 1 - - 0.35 0.40 0.31 Aroma content% by weight • 0.15 0.13 31.54 20.97 24.01

The experimental results summarized in Table 1 show the high quality of the isoalkanocyclanic component as well as the gasolines containing this component, given that the prepared gasolines (blends 1,2 and 3) have not only a low content of aromatics but also a low content of anti-knockers. octane number.

Claims (3)

C O R E T E R E A C E Z U. Process for producing an isoalkane-cyclanic fuel component for positive-ignition engines characterized in that a fraction having a distillation range of 20 ° to 100 ° C, preferably 25 ° to 85 ° C, is removed from the aromatic extract raffinate by distillation fractionation, - hexane by a distillation and / or adsorbing process such that the n-hexane content is less than 5.0% by weight;