CS203201B1

CS203201B1 - Tooth automatic differential

Info

Publication number: CS203201B1
Application number: CS186476A
Authority: CS
Inventors: Jan Burka; Jozef Nosal; Robert Ungero
Original assignee: Jan Burka; Jozef Nosal; Robert Ungero
Priority date: 1976-03-23
Filing date: 1976-03-23
Publication date: 1981-02-27

Description

Vynález sa týká zubového automatického diferenciálu, ktorého funkcia spočívá v tom, že obstarává pohon s núteným pohybom pre obidve pojazdové kolesa, pričom automaticky zaisťuje diferenciu medzi otáčkami jedného pojezdového kolesa voči druhému pojezdovému kolesu. Diferenciál sa hodí pre ťažkú prevádzku v teréne, najma pre pohon dozérov, nakladačov, rýpadisl, lesných íraktorov apod.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a gearless automatic differential, the function of which is to provide a forced-drive drive for both wheels, automatically providing a difference between the speed of one wheel relative to the other wheel. The differential is suitable for heavy off-road operations, especially for driving dozers, loaders, excavators, forestry tractors, etc.

Doteraz známe riešenie zubového automatického diferenciálu má zubové spojky suvne uložené na poloomeck nápravy· Přenos krútiaceho momentu je zaistený zapnutím zubových spojok do hnacej časti diferenciálu prostredníctvom čelného priameho ozubenia s podřezanými bokmi zubov. Pri predblehaní jednej poloosi nápravy, vzhfadom na hnaciu časť diferenciálu, vypnutie zubovej spojky zaisťuje pomocné vypínacie zariadenie čelným ozubením so šikmými bokmi zubov. Zubové spojky majú dvojaké ozubenie a nie sú vzájomne otočné a osovo viazané. Použitie dvojakého ozubenia je náročné na přesnost výroby a vzájomná osová neviazanosí zubových spojok dovoluje v určitom režime jazdy súčasné vypnutíe oboch zubových spojok.The prior art automatic differential gear solution has toothed clutches slidably mounted on a semi-axle axle. The torque transmission is ensured by engaging the toothed clutches into the differential drive via direct spur gearing with undercut tooth flanks. When one axle is preloaded, due to the drive part of the differential, the disengagement of the gear clutch is provided by the auxiliary disengaging device by helical toothing with helical flanks of the teeth. The toothed couplings have dual teeth and are not rotatable and axially coupled to each other. The use of dual toothing is demanding in terms of manufacturing precision and the mutual axial misalignment of the toothed clutches allows the simultaneous disengagement of both toothed clutches in a certain driving mode.

Zariadenie podfa vynálezu rieši přenos krútiaceho momentu z hnacej časti diferenciálu na poloosi nápravy pomocou zubových spojok s čelným príamym ozubením so šikmými bokmi zubov, bez pomocného vypínacieho zariadenia. Zubové spojky sú suvne uložené v hnacej časti diferenciálu a navzájom otočné a osovo viazané.The device according to the invention solves the transmission of torque from the drive part of the differential to the axle axle by means of spur gears with helical toothed sides, without an auxiliary cut-off device. The gear couplings are slidably mounted in the drive part of the differential and rotatable and axially coupled to each other.

Výhodou navrhovaného zariadenia je využitie jedného ozubenia na ^- přenos krútiaceho momentu aj na vypínáme zubových spojok, preto je menej náročné na výrobu. Vzájomná osová viazanosť zubových spojok zabraňuje súčasnému vypnutiu. oboch zubových spojok.The advantage of the proposed device is to use one gear on ^- transfer torque also disables the gear couplings, so it is less expensive to manufacture. The axial coupling of the toothed couplings prevents simultaneous disengagement. of both tooth clutches.

Na pripojenom výkrese, obr. i je znázorněný zubový automatický diferenciál vo vyhotovení, ako može byť namontovaný do bežnej skrine diferenciálu.. Je znázorněný v polohe, keď lává strana prenáša krútiaci moment a pravá strana predbieha. Na obr. 2 je znázorněná činnost zubov v zubovom automatickom diferanciáli v polohe ako· na obr. 1.In the attached drawing, FIG. 1 is a toothed automatic differential in an embodiment as can be mounted in a conventional differential housing. It is shown in a position where the lava side transmits torque and the right side overtakes. In FIG. 2 shows the operation of the teeth in the automatic differential in position as in FIG. First

Zubový automatický diferenciál pozostáva z hnacej části 1, z lávej hnanej časti 3, z lávej zubovej spojky 4 a právej zubovej spojky 5, z tlačnsj pružiny 8· Hnacia časť 1 je spojená s kliétkou diferenciálu pomocou kolíkov 9, ktoré prenášajú krútiaci moment a zachytávají) axiálnu silu vzniknutí) v diferenciál’ pri jednoetrannom přenose krútiaceho momentu. Eavá hnaná časť 2 a pravá hnaná časť 3 sú spojené drážkovanými poloosami nápravy s pojezdovými kolesami a axiálně sú držané klietkou diferenciálu. Hnacia časť 1 je opatřená zuhmi 11, 12. Eavá zubová spojka 4 a pravá zubová spojka 5 sú navzájom viazané zubmi 19, 20 s obvodovou a osovou voťou a sú opatřené zubmi 15, 18, 17, 18. Zuby 15, 16 sú v trvalom zabere so zubmi II, 12 s obvodovou a osovou volou. Zuby 17, 18 majú polovičnů výšku zubov 15, 18 a silou pružiny 8 sú zasúvané do záběru so zubmi 13, 14, ktoré sú na tavej hnanej časti 2 a právej hnanej časti 3.The automatic gear differential consists of a drive part 1, a lava drive part 3, a lava tooth clutch 4 and a right tooth clutch 5, a compression spring 8 · The drive part 1 is connected to a differential cage by pins 9 which transmit torque and catch) axial force) in the differential at one-sided torque transmission. The left driven part 2 and the right driven part 3 are connected by the spline axles to the traveling wheels and are axially held by the differential cage. The drive portion 1 is provided with angles 11, 12. The left tooth clutch 4 and the right tooth clutch 5 are interconnected by teeth 19, 20 with circumferential and axial spokes and are provided with teeth 15, 18, 17, 18. The teeth 15, 16 are in permanent position. engages teeth II, 12 with a circumferential and axial steer. The teeth 17, 18 have a half height of the teeth 15, 18 and are pushed into engagement with the teeth 13, 14 which are on the melt drive part 2 and the right drive part 3 by the force of the spring 8.

Pri pramej jazde na suchej vozovke hnacia časť 1 prenáša krútiaci moment pomocou zubov 11, 12 na zuby 15, 16 zubových spojok 4, 5. Zubové spojky 4, 5 prenášajú krútiaci moment cez zuby 17, 18 na zuby 13, 14 lávej hnanej časti 2 a právej hnanej časti 3. Tým sa krútiaci moment prenáša rovnoměrně na obe hnacie pojazdové kolesa.For direct driving on dry roads, the drive part 1 transmits the torque by the teeth 11, 12 to the teeth 15, 16 of the tooth clutches 4, 5. The tooth clutches 4, 5 transmit the torque through the teeth 17, 18 to the teeth 13, 14 and the right-hand drive part 3. The torque is thus evenly transmitted to the two drive wheels.

Pri prechádzaní vozidla lavotočivou zákrutou sa krútiaci moment prenáša z hnacej časti 1 cez 1'avú zubovú spojku 4 na lavú hnaciu časť 2, ktorá je spojená s vnútorným pojezdovým kolesom. Vonkajšie pojazdové koleso zvyšuje svoje otáčky, čím pravá hnaná časť 3 predbieha hnaciu časťWhen the vehicle is driven by a left-hand corner, the torque is transmitted from the driving part 1 via the left-hand gear clutch 4 to the left driving part 2, which is connected to the inner traveling wheel. The outer wheel increases its speed, so that the right-hand drive part 3 precedes the drive part

1. Pravá zubová spojka 5 sa pootočí spolu s pravou hnanou častou 3 o obvodová vól'u medzi zubmi 19, 20, čím sa zuby 16 dostanu oproti medzeirám zubov 12, vysunie sa zo záběru s pravou hnanou častou 3 po šikmých bokoch zubov 14, 18 a stlačí pružinu 8. Pri ďalšom predbiehaní sa zuby 14, klžu po svojich vrcholoch. Tým je pravá hnaná část 3 odpojená od hnacej časti 1 a je umožněné volné predbiehanie vonkajšieho pojezdového kolesa voči kolesu vnútornému.1. The right toothed clutch 5 rotates together with the right driven part 3 by a circumferential clearance between the teeth 19, 20, thus bringing the teeth 16 against the tooth gap 12, disengaging from the right driven part 3 on the inclined sides of the teeth 14, 18 and compress the spring 8. On further overtaking, the teeth 14 slide on their peaks. Thereby, the right-hand drive part 3 is disconnected from the drive part 1 and free passage of the outer traveling wheel relative to the inner wheel is possible.

Při vyrovnaní otáčok oboch pojezdových kolies sa pravá zubová spojka 5 zasunie do ozubenia právej hnanej časti 3 a krútiaci moment sa prenáša na obe hnacie pojazdové kolesa·When equalizing the speed of the two castors, the right gear clutch 5 is inserted into the toothing of the right driven part 3 and the torque is transmitted to both the driving castors.

Pri zmene směru jazdy sa hnacia časť 1 pootočí do protisměru, zuby 11, 12 sa uvoinia zo záběru, přesunu sa o obvodová votu. medzi zubmi 15, 16 a zaberú do protifahlých bokov zubov 15, 18 zubových spojok 4, 5. Krútiaci moment opačného směru sa prenáša na hnané časti 2, 3 cez zuby 13, 14, 17, 18 a jazda prebieha opačným smerom.When the direction of travel is changed, the drive part 1 is rotated in the opposite direction, the teeth 11, 12 are disengaged and moved on the circumferential cover. between the teeth 15, 16 and engage the opposite flanks of the teeth 15, 18 of the toothed clutches 4, 5. The opposite direction torque is transmitted to the driven parts 2, 3 via the teeth 13, 14, 17, 18 and the travel is in the opposite direction.

Pri jazde dolu svahom v pravotočivej zákrute a brzdění motorom zostane hnacia časť 1 v trvalom zábere s lávou hnanou častou 2, ktorá prenáša brzdný moment vonkajšieho poj&zdového kolesa, a pravá hnaná časť 3 vnútorného pojezdového kolesa, ktoré sa krúti pomalšie ako vonkajšie pojazdové koleso, vysunie pravú zubovú spojku 5. Tým sa vnútorné pojazdové koleso odpojí a zaostává za vonkajším pojazdovým kolesom.When driving down a slope in a right-hand turn and engine braking, the drive portion 1 will remain in permanent engagement with the lava-driven portion 2 which transmits the braking torque of the outer traveling wheel and the right driven portion 3 of the inner traveling wheel that twists more slowly than the outer traveling wheel. the right gear clutch 5. This detaches the inner running gear and lags behind the outer running gear.

Koncepcia diferenciálu poskytuje rozsiahle konstrukčně možnosti, čo sa týká zváčšovania rozmerov diferenciálu změnou počtu a tvaru zubov, takže jeho použitie je výhodné pri přenose vysokých krútiacich momentov vo vozidlách pracujúcich v ťažkých terénnych podmienkach.The differential concept provides extensive design capabilities in terms of increasing the dimensions of the differential by changing the number and shape of the teeth, so that its use is advantageous for transmitting high torques in vehicles operating in difficult off-road conditions.

Claims

203201 Torque Transmission. The leftover part 2 and the right drive part 3 are connected by grooved axle axles with travel wheels and axially held by a differential cage. The drive part 1 is provided with teeth 11, 12. The toothed clutch 4 and the right toothed clutch 5 are connected to each other by teeth 19, 20 with a circumferential and axial dial and are provided with teeth 13, 18, 17, 10. 15, 16 are in wide engagement with the teeth II, 12 with the circumferential and axial blades. The teeth 17, 18 have a half-length height of the teeth 15, 18, and the large springs 8 are engaged by the teeth 13, 14, which are on the run-in drive 2 and the right-hand drive portion 3. driving directly on the dry road driving part 1 transmits the torque by means of the teeth II, 1, to the teeth 15, 16 of the tooth couplings 4, 5. The tooth couplings 4, 5 transmit the twisting moment from the teeth 17, 18 to the teeth 13, 14 of the driven In this way, the torque is evenly distributed on both drive wheels. As the vehicle travels through the rotary screw, the torque is transmitted from the driving part 1 through the claw coupling 4 to the left drive part 2, which is connected to the inner running wheel. The outer drive wheel increases its speed, so that the driven part 3 overtakes the drive part 1. The right gear clutch 5 is rotated with the right drive portion 3 by a circumferential clearance between the teeth 19, 20, whereby the teeth 16 come into contact with the teeth teeth 12, disengaged from the right drive portion 3 of the sloping sides of the teeth 14, 18 and compressed the spring 8. In the case of further overturning of the teeth 14, 18, they slide on their tops. Thereby the right-hand drive part 3 is disconnected from the drive part 1 and the free-wheeling of the outer traveling wheel is enabled against the wheel slide. When aligning the speed of the two wheels, the right-hand clutch 5 is inserted into the teeth of the right-hand drive part 3, and the twin-wheel drive is transferred to both drive wheels. When the direction of travel is changed, the drive part 1 is turned in the opposite direction, the teeth 11, 12 are disengaged, moving around the perimeter. between the teeth 15, 16 and engage the opposing flanks of the teeth 15, 16 of the teeth 4, 5. The torque of the opposite direction transmits to the driven parts 2, 3 through the teeth 13, 14, 17, 18 and the travel takes place in the opposite direction rem. When driving down a slope in a clockwise twist and engine braking, the driving part 1 will remain in permanent engagement with the lava driven by part 2, which transmits the braking torque of the outward wheel, and the right drive part 3 of the inner wheel that twists slower than the outer drive wheel, it extends the right gear coupling 5. This will disengage the inner travel wheel and lags behind the outer travel wheel. The concept of differential provides extensive design possibilities in terms of varying the size of the change of the differential and the shape of the teeth, so its use is advantageous in the transfer of high torque in vehicles operating in severe off-road conditions. PRED Μ ET Toothed automatic differential with helical toothed helical toothing, characterized in that the toothed clutch (4) and the right toothed clutch (5j are axially and rotatably coupled together, toothed to the drive part ( 1), wherein the toothing has at least twice the height of the teeth as the toothing from the side of the lava drive part [2] or the right drive part (3) 1 sheet of drawings Sevcrography, np, plant 7, Most