CS200752B3 - Method of production of shaped and / or enriched feed based on natural and petro-chemical raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of shaped and/or compacted feedstuffs based on both natural and petrochemically produced raw materials, or waste products as a by-product in medium-tonnage or large-tonnage petrochemical processes, whereby as a binder and/or compactor, products of autocondensation and/or polycondensation of aliphatic aldehydes up to C^g and/or urea aldehyde condensates and/or urea aldehyde polycondensates and/or natural carbohydrates are added as a binder and/or compactor before or during homogenization, or during the actual shaping, in an amount of 0.01 to 25% by weight, calculated on the total mass of the shaped feedstuff, or dry matter.

Description

(54)

Method for producing shaped and/or compacted feeds based on natural and petrochemical raw materials

The invention relates to the production of shaped and/or compacted feedstocks based on both natural and petrochemically produced raw materials, or waste products as a by-product in medium-tonnage or large-tonnage petrochemical processes, whereby as a binder and/or compactor, products of autocondensation and/or polycondensation of aliphatic aldehydes up to C^g and/or urea aldehyde condensates and/or urea aldehyde polycondensates and/or natural carbohydrates are added as a binder and/or compactor before or during homogenization, or during the shaping itself, in an amount of 0.01 to 25% by weight, calculated on the total mass of the shaped feedstock or dry matter.

200,752

According to the present invention, shaped and/or thickened feeds are produced based on both natural and offshore petrochemicals, such as waste products from medium- and large-scale petrochemical processes.

The rapid development of animal production in agriculture requires the search for ways to ensure the fodder base without increasing the demands on specific components, primarily protein, but also energy substances. These problems are solved by using synthetic substances, usually in combination with natural ones, and by using available technical, mainly mechanization methods of preparing or at least modifying feed and fodder. This usually involves replacing a significant part of natural substances, which are already in relative short supply at present and cannot be considered surpluses for the increasing demands of animal production in the future.

Of the synthetic substances used in feed rations, nitrogenous substances are the most important, and they can replace a significant proportion of protein components, especially in ruminants, as well as energy substances, necessary for the optimal composition and use of all components of the feed ration. At the same time, the application of synthetic substances also requires the rational production of feed mixtures, including their dosing to animals. This is most often the case with granulation or pelletization of feed mixtures, which can ensure the optimal composition of the feed ration. At the same time, by applying pressure, increased temperature and, most importantly, additional, especially synthetic substances, it is possible to significantly positively influence the use of individual components, including a significant proportion of otherwise well-known dietary components. Thus, in the feed mixture, they will replace the deficient sources of nutrients of higher quality. This is especially true for ruminants, which are capable of utilising less valuable or directly synthetic substances through biochemical and biological processes, with the cooperation of the gut microflora.

A progressive method of preparing feed mixtures is granulation. In the preparation of granules for ruminants, a significant amount of feed straw is used, usually adjusted by cutting to the optimal length of the stalk of 5 to 7 cm. Granulation usually requires the addition of a cementing agent - a binder. However, the sources of the sugar beet molasses used so far are limited. The solution is sought in the use of urea-formaldehyde condensates as binders, respectively. in the composition of feed mixtures (Griblins M. F.s USA pat-· 2 687 354) Snyder F. M. i USA pat. 3 934 O4l and Helgerson C. K.i USA pat. 3 989 846) Kulasek G., Leontowioz H., Krasioka B.t Rooz. nauk. roln·, ser. B. 1975. 96 (4), 67). However, the problem remains from the point of view of nutritional use, manipulation during the production of the mixture a significant content of formaldehyde is called and released. It is advantageously found (Maoho V., Pátek V., Polievka H., Sommer A., Novák J., Loudát F.s ča. author's certificate. 185 359)) in the production of shaped feeds, especially by granulation, pressing or pelleting so that as a binder is added before or during the homogenization of the feed components in an amount of 0.01 to 25% aqueous products from the production of polymethylolalkanes, e.g. from the production of pentaerythritol and/or free aldehydes freed urea-aldehyde condensates containing compounds of elements X. and and/or XX. and subgroups of the periodic system of elements, or also organic compounds, containing in the molecule at least one hydroxyl, λ carbonyl, or formyl group;

However, for some purposes, by-products from the production of polymethylol alkanes, for example from the production of pentaerythritol and/or urea aldehyde condensates and polycondensates, may not be completely free of free and released formaldehyde. This process is suitable for the production of shaped and/or compacted feeds where there is a need, both from the raw material, technological-economic and also retention point of view, for an optimal composition of shaped and/or compacted feeds, which is solved by the method according to the present invention.

According to this invention, a method of producing shaped and/or compacted feeds based on natural and petrochemical raw materials is carried out, preferably according to Czechoslovak Patent No. 165 359, mainly by homogenization, granulation, pressing or pelletization, so that as a binder and/or thickener they are added before or during homogenization, or during the shaping itself, in an amount of 0.01 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 6% by weight, calculated on the total mass of the shaped feed, or dry matter, products of autocondensation and/or polycondensation of aliphatic aldehydes up to C^g, preferably by-products from the production of polymethylolalkenes and/or urea aldehyde condensates and/or urea aldehyde polycondensates with a free aldehyde turnover below 2.5% by weight, usually in the form of an aqueous solution, dispersion and/or concentrates, preferably together with calcium compounds in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight of calcium, calculated on the shaped water or dry matter, and/or natural carbohydrates.

For high utilization of synthetic nitrogen, as well as under usual conditions almost ballast substances in ruminant feed, an optimal ratio to the energy components of the feed ration is necessary. Energy-rich feedstocks, such as sugar and fodder beet, molasses, corn and grain meal, etc. are in short supply. It has been shown that condensates and polycondensates of aldehydes up to Cg are products that can replace natural sources of energy substances. Such are, for example, by-products from the production of polymethylolalkenes, especially the so-called syrups from the production of pentaerythritol, which are usually obtained in the form of an aqueous solution or dispersion with a dry matter content of 15 to 55% by weight. The aqueous solution consists of approximately 12 to 35% of the own condensates of aldehydes, respectively. simple sugars (rhannose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, etc.), 1 to 10 wt. % pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol, 2 to 20 wt. % calcium formate and up to 0.2 wt. % formaldehyde. Syrups are both a good cementing agent, a binder of granule components, and an energy component of feed and a thickening additive. It is particularly suitable to apply these binders in an amount of 3 to 18 wt. %, depending on the concentration of the dry matter. For example, in the form of an aqueous solution with a concentration of 25 wt. % in an amount of 13 to 15 wt. % of the feed mixture, they completely replace molasses in the granulation of cattle feed containing 30 to 35 wt. % straw. It is also possible to combine molasses with by-products from the production of polymethylol alkenes, or autocondensation and/or polycondensation of aldehydes up to C8.

In the case of urea-aldehyde condensates with a free formaldehyde content below 2.5 wt. %, usually at 0.2 to 1 wt. % formaldehyde, it is advisable to add urea and/or calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide to the condensate solution, which will both remove or reduce to a minimum the free formaldehyde content and ensure the water solubility* of the formed resin even after application to form shaped feeds and thus, among other advantages, high retention. The above-mentioned additives can also be applied* just before the preparation of shaped feeds, even during granulation. It is advantageous to combine both types of binders. However, if urea or calcium or magnesium compounds are not used to liquidate free formaldehyde, free formaldehyde escapes into the air, which worsens the working environment with its toxic effect, wastes suitable raw materials, and further reduces the water solubility of shaped feeds and their nutritional value. Therefore, it is better to work with urea-aldehyde, e.g. urea-formaldehyde feeds with a free formaldehyde content below 0.4% by weight.

As supplementary feed mixtures, known natural and synthetic feed mixtures and feed additives are taken into consideration, such as H2O, TKV, urea, urea phosphate, torula, synthetic amino acids, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, fat, higher fatty acids, corn kernel and soybean kernel additives, feed salts, vitamins, propylene glycol, 1,3-diols and their esters, polyesters and the like.

The advantage of the method according to this invention is, firstly, the expansion of the possibility of producing shaped and compacted feeds, mainly for polygastric animals in an optimal composition, technically simple availability of binders based on petrochemical raw materials, higher utilization of feed fiber, i.e. higher retention, compaction, and thus the valorization of so-called ballast feeds. Last but not least, also the rational valorization of by-products from the production of polymethylolalkanes, but also of little-valued straw in agriculture. Further advantages and details of the method are evident from the examples.

Example 1

The daily feed ration for fattening cattle in the winter period consists of 6 to 7 kg/head of granulated feed mixture and 10 to 20 kg of corn silage, graded according to the live weight (mass) of the animals in the range of 230 to 500 kg.

The granulated feed mixture contains:

by-product from the production of pentaerythritol, the so-called syrups with a dry matter content of 30% by mass. fodder straw alfalfa cat corn grits mixture HŽ - SD mineral feed additive (MKP - 3) 15.0% wt. $26.0 wt. 20.0% wt. 30.0% wt. 7.0 9» wt. $2.0 wt. together 100.0% by weight

Doses are calculated for daily gains of an average of 1.0 kg/head.

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Example 2

The daily feed ration in the summer period was 3 to 5 kg of granulated feed mixture of the above composition, 15 to 20 kg of green fodder and 1 kg of HŽ - G mixture.

Composition of granulated feed mixture:

by-product, so-called syrups from production of pentaerythritol with a dry weight of 30% by mass. 12.0% by weight feed straw 45.0% by weight luoem cat 15.0% by weight corn cobs 28.0% by weight

total 100.0% by weight

Example 3

The compaction of the feed mixture is done by thoroughly mixing the so-called syrups, i.e. a by-product from the production of pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, preferably heated to 45 to 50 °C before use, with TKV feed, corn kernels, fat, feed salt, MKP - 3, bentonite, a dose of vitamin A and Dy. The mixture prepared in this way is then thoroughly mixed with corn silage and wheat straw ground on a hammer mill and thoroughly pressed.

After 12 hours, the slurry is used for feeding. For fattening cattle, 3 kg of this mixture is used per 100 kg of animal weight/day. The volumetric part of the feed ration is supplemented with corn silage, haylage, etc., as needed and possible, in the amount of 5 kg per 100 kg of animal live weight/day.

Complex compacted mixture: wheat straw, luoem flour, TKV corn kernel, by-product, so-called syrups from the production of pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane with a dry weight of 30% by weight. feed salt bentonite

MKP - 3 vitamin A vitamin

38.7 wt. 5.0 wt. %

15.0% by weight 8.0% by weight

30.0% wt. 1.0% wt. 1.0% wt. 2.0% wt.

000 IU/day 500 IU/day

Example 4

Composition of feed ration granulated using borosilicate formaldehyde resin

about the content of the suáina 65 # wt. and free fonaldehyde 0.3% by mass. Yes, like this Song of the Straw 30.0 lbs. luoem mouBka 20.0% by weight dried oukurvamioke «cuts 15.0% by weight a woman's food 30.0 wt. FEM - 3 2.0% by weight Movinoformaldehyde food 3.0 wt. The received dose is 8 kg for fattening cattle with a live weight of approximately 300 kg each Example 5 Composition of granulated feed ration using moBovinof ozmaldofayde polycon- danzate with a dry matter content of 65.5% by weight and of high fonaldehyde 0.8 wt., into which 1% by mass is added just before use for granulation. moBoviny and 1.5 of it mass. Ca(OH) ₂ and 10 her mass. vodPajžiO product from the production of pontaorythritol, the so-called slrups containing au- Siny 40% wt. is like this pjoniSna straw 30.0% by weight luoem mouBka 20.0 wt. dried Ukrainian cutlets 15.0% by weight a woman's food $28.0 wt. FEM - 3 2.0 1» wt. modified bovine formaldehyde feed with the so-called syrup from the production of pontaorythritol 5.0% by weight

The received dose is 8 kg for a half-breed beef with a live weight of approx.

Claims (3)

EXAMPLE b A compound feed ration granulated was used in the form of a formaldehyde resin having a solids content of 65% by weight. and free fonsaldehyde 0.3 wt. There is also a 30.0 wt. luoemic 20.0 wt. retarded creepy 15.0 wt. ginseng 30.0 wt. FEM - 3 2.0 wt. Possible formaldehyde resin 3.0 wt. Hay Drain is 8 kg for live fattening cattle with a live weight of about 300 kg. Example 5 A compound feed ration granulated utilizes a potentially polydispersive polycondensate with a solids content of 65.5% by weight. and 0.8% w / w formaldehyde, to which 1% w / w is added to the granolaol prior to use. weight and 1.5 wt. Ca (OH) 2 and 10 wt. more product from the production of pentaerythltol, so-called slrups, containing 40% by weight of carbohydrates. There is also a straw straw of 30.0% by weight. luoem powder 20.0 wt. teared cushion blocks 15.0 wt. feminine grit 28.0 $ wt. FEM - 3 2.0 wt. a modified possible formaldehyde element with a so-called syrup from the production of pentaerythltol 5.0 wt. The Dose Dose Is 8 Kg for Fattening Cows Cattle of Gray Weight Approx. 300 Kg · OBJECT IN YH LE LE V CLAIMS 1. The manufacture of molded and / or compacted pellets based on natural and petrochemical raw materials. No. 185,359, mainly homogeneous, granular, compressed or pelletized, is characterized in that as a binder and / or thickener a homogeneous salt is added, optionally in the amount of 0.01 to 25% by weight, preferably 2% by weight. up to 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the fodder feed; sunken, autocondensate products and / or polycondensation of aliphatic aldehydes C1 to C6, preferably byproducts from the production of polymers 6 200 752 lolalanes, and / or urea-aldehyde condensates and / or urea-aldehyde polycondensates containing a free aldehyde below 2.5 % by weight, the rule in the form of an aqueous solution, dispersion! and / or concentrates, preferably together with calcium compounds in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight. calcium, calculated on shaped feed, respectively. and / or natural carbohydrates. 2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the urea-aldehyde condensate and / or the urea-aldehyde polycondensate are urea-formaldehyde compounds having a free formaldehyde content below 1.5 wt.%, Preferably below 0.4 wt. calcium is calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, complex hydroxide compounds bound with hydroxyl-containing organic compounds, or mixtures of calcium-magnesium compounds. 3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the formed and / or compacted feed is prepared by homogenizing, granulating or pelleting 20 to 60 parts by weight of straw, 1 to 20% by weight of straw. parts of the by-products of the production of polymethylalkanes, preferably by-products from the production of pentaerythritol, the so-called syrups and calcium compounds, with optional natural hydrocarbon additives, 15 to 45 wt. parts of lucerne meal or corn meal, optionally corn cobs, preferably also 1 to 3 parts by weight of mineral feed additive and 2 to 18 wt. parts of supplementary feedstuffs, such feeds being mainly free of filler, preferably maize silage and ensiled cereal oil cuttings, cornflakes, juicy bulking feeds, preferably silage. REPAIR OF THE DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FOR PROTOCOL No. 200 752Int. Cl.3 A 23 K 1/22 In the description of the invention for the author's certificate No. 20u 752, the heading should be: Location: 200 752/11 / / /ς / f Correct: 200 752/11 / / By the OFFICE FOR DISCOVERIES