CS200314B1 - Device for contact of fluids or gases for the transmission of the substance by high speeds of the vapours or gases - Google Patents

Abstract

The contacting device consists of plates for dispersing the liq. into the vapour, having large open cross-sectional areas, and knitted wire mesh pads, for sepg. the liq. from the vapour, which are inclined to the dispersal plates. The dispersal plates and mesh pads are arranged one above the other and connected together by downcomer channels which are parallel to each other and extend over the whole cross-section of the device. The inclined mesh pads are openly connected through their lower edges to the downcomer inlets whilst the downcomers serving one level of pads pass downwards through the ridges in the next lowest level of pads and discharge the liq. onto a lower dispersal plate. High vapour velocities can be employed without excessive press. drops or liq. entrainment, enabling contact columns of smaller cross-sectional areas to be used.

Description

(54) Liquid and vapor or gas contact regulations for mass transfer at high vapor or gas velocities

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an apparatus for contacting liquids, vapors or gases with a mass transfer in processes associated with the conversion of hmooy, such as in the dyeing, rectification, absorption and desorption processes, wherein the mass transfer occurs at high speeds.

The prior art tray columns operate preferably by contacting the capsule and the steam on the trays. In this process, due to the manner of carrying out conventional trays arranged horizontally one above the other over the entire cross-section of the column, it is not possible to realize a concurrent flow of liquid and steam or gas at high speeds. The necessary condition that steam may be carried away and entrained by as little liquid as possible when flowing up from one storey to the other allows only mild ryclhoots without impairing the exchange of mass and heat.

German Patent No. 2,220,868 describes how the additional incorporation of wire knitting components between two floors can increase the steam velocity by up to 70% over the prior art allo and cap trays.

These additional components of wire knitting are in a simple manner a coiumbane. With the trays, they are hung on crossed bars fixed in the column so that the wire knits are sagged at individual points or straight lines at the bottom. With the principle design of the coffered assemblies, an increased separation effect is achieved since the carrying of the liquid stream from one tray to the nearest tray is substantially reduced.

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A decisive drawback, however, is that the liquid deposited in the woven knitting components drips against rising steam. Thus, it is not possible to realize an ordered flow of steam and liquid in a particular otolaiat; without disturbing phenomena, such as unfavorable. from which condensed vapors are formed. This results in a limitation of the dividing power as well as a reduction in the speed of the spring.

Furthermore, various solution principles are known for conducting a liquid and steam in co-current at a high steam velocity, whereby the mixture of steam and liquid is fed into. tubular contact devices extending on the palate. The interface device has fixed vane wheels within it as diversions which produce a centrifugal effect during operation. When the liquid and steam flow together in the contact device, the two components are suitably divided using centrifugal force. Examples of such devices include U.S. Pat. No. 2,808,697 and Dutch Pat. 6,407,227 and 6,502,450.

However, the devices could not succeed for economic use in the industry because of the too high technical demands of these separation processes *

In addition, the alignment surface of the deflector wings makes it easier to establish a balance between the steam and the liquid, so that a more intensive exchange is not possible, which in turn is adversely affected by the mass transfer.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a contact device by which, with high vapor velocities compared to the prior art contact devices, the throughput is substantially increased while the liquid / vapor phase is well converted and pressure losses are kept as low as possible. '

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to disperse liquid and vapor at high vapor velocities using a suitable device such that the liquid and vapor first move upstream, then by suitable means dispersed and the liquid flowing backward without contacting the upward phases. In the meantime, the steam would sweep up without substantial diversion.

Summary of the apparatus for contacting liquids and gases aa® ^r the mass transfer at high speeds, vapors or gases, which are positioned horizontally one above the other dispersing members, span ^ o ^^ ICI throughout the cross section of the device ' and between each two of said dispersing elements are The liquid separators, which consist of wire knitting components fixed at the bottom or at the points or lines according to the invention, consist in that the wire knitting components extending over the entire cross-section of the device are provided with parallel overflow shafts arranged perpendicular to the cross-section of the device. they are conductively coupled to the lower edges of the wire knitted components, each penetrating the dispersing member lying underneath them and the wire knitting components lying beneath said dispersing member, at their upper edges and opening at the next dispersing member in the liquid seal. The components of the knitted fabric whose wire layers have a center pitch of 1 to 3 mm in the center are 10 to 150 mm high, preferably 30 to 80 mm, and have an angle of inclination alpha to the horizontal of 30 to 75 °. 15 to 50%. The overflow shafts may optionally be connected to annular segments fixed to the column wall.

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Depending on the intended use, the openings of the dispersing members may have a different geometric shape and spatial arrangement, and the openings themselves may be covered by fixed or movable elements.

An advantage of the specific arrangement of the dispersing members of the wire knitted components and the overflow shafts is that it is possible in this region to realize the mass transfer between the liquid and vapor phases at high co-current vapor velocities. The apalin is separated in the process by impact on the knitted fabric components, passed back through the overflow shafts, and the specific arrangement of the knitted fabric components and the overflow shafts is not re-contacted by flow between the knitted fabric component and the dispersing device.

Thus, the vapor phase flows without diverting to another dispersing member and is passed through the system head after passing through the system.

The device according to the invention is explained in more detail in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a device with four dispersing members;

FIG. 2 shows a top view of FIG. 1, section A-A and B-B without showing the connection of the overflow shafts;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through a dispersion boat and inclined openings;

Fig. 4 is a top view according to Fig. 1, section B-B with the depictions shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a view from above share FIG. 1, the sectional representation ^U C ¹H Options overflow connection shafts circle segments.

The coot-actuating device consists essentially of a variable number of sizing members ^{28 having a} large free cross-section, preferably 15 to 50%, mounted in a column, which in this case are provided with horizontal openings of any geomeeric shape, for example slits 5-6 mm wide or circular openings. Depending on the application, these openings can be partially covered by fixed or movable elements arranged above them.

It is also possible to make slope holes (Fig. 3) ·

In parallel to the dispersing members 1, at a certain distance, the knitted fabric components 2 are inclined with respect to the horizontal plane by an angle of alpha 3 ° to 75 ° with the horizontally arranged Sitpler members 1 and are 10 to 150 mm high, preferably 30 to 80 mm. The wires 2 of the wire knitwear consist of several layers of wire, which are usually folded one above the other with an average pitch of 1 to 3 mm.

Said wire knitting components 2 have, at their lower edges 2, an open connection to the overflow shafts 6, while the shafts themselves penetrate without connection with the dispersing member 1 located below the wire knitting component 2 and the upper edges of the wire knitting components 2 below. member. To return the liquid, the overflow shaft 5 does not flow directly onto the associated dispersing member 1, but into the liquid closure 6 on the dispersing member 1 lying below, so that the liquid is distributed there from the inlet weirs 7 to the dispersing member 1. upper edge. For better mixing of the liquid, it has proved expedient to connect the overflow shafts 5 with circular segments 8 connected directly to the column wall (FIG. 4) or with circular segments 8 according to FIG. 5.

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The function of the contact device is due to the specific connection of the dispersing members 1 and the woven fabric components 2 with the overflow shafts 5, as follows:

The predetermined high vapor velocity, preferably 3 to 15 m / s in the free cross section of the column, is achieved at atmospheric pressure as well as at a given free cross section of the dispersing member 1 preferably 15 to 50% of the vapor and liquid diapergulation. The co-current movement of the liquid and vapor phases, which initially establishes at high speeds, and the resulting favorable distribution of the droplets in the phase current, results in a good hmooy conversion.

In the wire knitwear components 2 assigned to the dispersing members 1, the droplets are now separated as they flow upwardly by the effect of the wire knitwear components 2, forcing the droplet down to the lower paths of the wire knitwear components 2.

Since, in a special case, each wire knit component 2 is connected to the overflow shafts 2 to the liquid outlet, the liquid in the overflow shafts 2 can now drain, i.e.. that after leaving the bottom edge 2 of the wire knitting component 2, the dispersing member 1 assigned therefrom passes through the wire knitting component 2 underneath it and then flows into the other dispersing member 1 located below the wire knitting component 2 in the liquid cap 6; .

Said arrangement of the overflow shafts 2 ensures that the returned liquid does not come into contact again with the flow prevailing between the dispersing! the members 1 and the components 2 of the wire knitted fabric.

On the shafts 2 mastechvyústění overflow Lee suitably unístit inlet weirs 7 ^b not straight on tornirni toothed edges and ^would not achieve equal ^tm ^ rn ^ Whose fluid distribution ^p * of the entire dispersing element 1 ·

In this process, the lady of the scale has arranged the scale from each wire knitting component 2 to flow upwards without substantial diversion and is fed to the nearest dispersing dispenser 1 above or exits at the top of the column.

The pressure drop is established even at. high vapor velocities at relatively low values.

A further constructional possibility envisages to impart a certain direction of movement to the flow of liquid by the horizontal horizontal inclination of the openings in the dispersing member 1 (FIG. 3). Such inclined openings support the drainage of the liquid from the spout side and soften the separation of a larger proportion of the liquid in the wire components 2;

When several overflow shafts 2 are arranged in parallel, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, for example, the liquid can be mixed to disperse to collect the side stream. 1 only to a limited extent. Additional agitating effect on the dispersing element 1 can simply dial umožžnt overflow shafts 2 .. ^fl circular segments b are fastened directly to the wall of the column of FIG. 5.

The advantages of the solution according to the invention are obvious from the following example i

In the column the atmospheric distillation of crude oil distillation may be carried out at current levels embodiment Huet ^p s ^p r ^ 6 kg / m ^, p ^ spade SADI marirál ^p er ^ ¹ and ^{1 5} m ^ based on the free cross section of the column.

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The proposed contact device, on the other hand, can be realized with a permissible pressure loss of between 4 and 8 [mu] s in the free cross-section of the column. This means that in the case of an oil processing plant with a capacity of 6 mii.tun per year, the city still used in the past for atmospheric de-distillation! with a diameter of 8 m, the column according to the invention can be used with a diameter of 3 * 6 m ·

Claims (4)

SUBJECT MATTER 1. Apparatus for contacting liquids and vapors or gases for mass transfer at high vapor or gas velocities, in which dispersing members extending horizontally over the entire cross-section of the apparatus are arranged horizontally one above the other and each of the two dispersing members are liquid separators consisting of wire knitted fabrics fastened from below at individual points on the rails, characterized in that the components (2) of the wire knitted fabric are provided along parallel cross-sectional shafts (5) arranged perpendicular to the cross-section of the device which are conductively connected to the liquid having lower edges (3) of the knitted fabric components (2), penetrating each of the dispersing members (1) below them and the knitted fabric components (2) below said dispersing complex (1) at their upper edges (4) and resulting in the following dispersing element (1) in the liquid cap · 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the component (2) wire knitting pitch np central 1 to 3 mm high are 10-150 mm, preferably 30-80 mm, and inter alia, to water- angle equal to ^E plane 3 ^U and ⁷⁵ °, Device according to Claims 1 - 2, characterized in that the overflow shafts (5) arranged perpendicular to the cross-section of the device flow into circular segments (8) arranged in the walls of the column. · The plant according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the dispersing members ^{in (} l) have a free cross section