SU986444A1

SU986444A1 - Contact strainght-through tray

Info

Publication number: SU986444A1
Application number: SU813320085A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Геннадий Михайлович Яковлев; Инна Ивановна Гавриленкова; Валерий Михайлович Наумов
Original assignee: Гродненское производственное объединение "Азот" им.С.О.Притыцкого
Priority date: 1981-07-21
Filing date: 1981-07-21
Publication date: 1983-01-07

Description

Изобретение относится к устройствам для проведения процессов теплообмена в системах газ (пар) - жидкость и может быть использовано в химической, пищевой и других родственных отраслях промышленности, в частности, для проведения процессов абсорбции и ректификации.The invention relates to devices for carrying out heat transfer processes in gas (steam) - liquid systems and can be used in chemical, food and other related industries, in particular, for carrying out absorption and rectification processes.

Известна прямоточная тарелка, содержащая контактный элемент с завихрителем в верхней части, установленный с кольцевым зазором над тарелкой, образуя кольцевую щель для прохода жидкости. Под тарелкой установлена перегородка, образуя кольцевую щель для прохода газа С1 ].Known direct-flow plate containing a contact element with a swirl in the upper part, mounted with an annular gap above the plate, forming an annular gap for the passage of fluid. A baffle is installed under the plate, forming an annular gap for the passage of gas C1].

Недостатками такой тарелки являются повышенное гидравлическое сопротивление и невысокая эффективность массообмена при больших нагрузках по жидкой фазе из-за недостаточно развитой поверхности контакта фаз.The disadvantages of such a plate are increased hydraulic resistance and low mass transfer efficiency at high loads in the liquid phase due to an insufficiently developed phase contact surface.

Известна прямоточная тарелка, содержащая контактный элемент, выполненный в виде конической обечайки с отверстиями в нижней части и завихрителем в верхней части, к которой жестко прикреплен большим основанием направляющей конус, примем в вершине последнего размещен распределительный конус С2].A direct-flow plate is known that contains a contact element made in the form of a conical shell with holes in the lower part and a swirl in the upper part, to which the cone is rigidly attached with a large base, we take the distribution cone C2] at the top of the latter.

Такая тарелка характеризуется недостаточно высокой эффективностью тепломассообмена .-вследствие того, что часть жидкости перетекает через переливы сверху вниз, минуя контактное устройство, и взаимодействие ее с газом происходит в пленочном режиме.Such a plate is characterized by insufficiently high efficiency of heat and mass transfer. - due to the fact that part of the liquid flows through the overflow from top to bottom, bypassing the contact device, and its interaction with the gas occurs in film mode.

Известно, что наилучший тепломассообмен происходит, когда жидкая фаза находится в мелкодисперсном состоянии. Таким образом, это приводит к снижению КПД тарелки, в частности и всего аппарата в целом, и вызывает необходимость в установке допол3 98( нительных контактных устройств в аппарате.It is known that the best heat and mass transfer occurs when the liquid phase is in a finely divided state. Thus, this leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the plate, in particular, of the entire apparatus as a whole, and necessitates the installation of additional 98 (body contact devices in the apparatus).

К недостаткам этой тарелки следует отнести и неспособность конструкции эффективно работать при увеличении нагрузок по жидкой фазе. При увеличении количества жидкой фазы требуется увеличить зазор между стенкой аппарата и контактным устройством для пропуска ее. Это приводит • 4 концентрические щели 7 для прохода газа. Диаметр Д нижней отбортовки 8 любой щели меньше диаметра Д^ верхней отбортовки 9 той же щели.The disadvantages of this plate include the inability of the design to work effectively with increasing loads in the liquid phase. With an increase in the amount of the liquid phase, it is required to increase the gap between the wall of the apparatus and the contact device to pass it. This leads to • 4 concentric slots 7 for gas passage. The diameter D of the lower flange 8 of any gap is smaller than the diameter D ^ of the upper flange 9 of the same gap.

Верхняя и нижняя отбортовки любой щели соединены жестко между собой переточными трубками 10, размещенными равномерно по периметру щели. Нижний конец 11 переливного устройства 12 размещен над нижележащим завихритек увеличению толщины пленки и соответственно к уменьшению поверхности контакта фаз.The upper and lower flanges of any gap are rigidly connected to each other by transfer pipes 10 placed evenly around the perimeter of the gap. The lower end 11 of the overflow device 12 is placed above the underlying swirls to increase the thickness of the film and, accordingly, to reduce the contact surface of the phases.

Увеличение расхода жидкой фазы приводит к тому, что с распредели- ₁₅тельного конуса жидкость стекает вниз в виде толстых струй, что снижает процесс диспергирования жидкости газовым потоком.Increasing the flow of the liquid phase results in that a distributor ₁₅ to the cone liquid flows down in the form of thick jets that reduces the liquid dispersion process the gas stream.

Целью изобретения является ин ~ _мтенсификация тепломассообмена за счет увеличения поверхности контакта фаз при увеличении нагрузок по жидкой фазе.The invention aims yn ~ _m intensification of heat and mass transfer by increasing the surface of contact of phases with an increase in load on the liquid phase.

Поставленная цель достигается _J5 тем, что в тарелке, снабженной переливным устройством и контактным элементом, содержащим коническую обечайку с отверстиями в нижней части и завихрителем в’верхней, к кото- ₃₀рой жестко прикреплен большим основанием направляющий конус, ηρ высоте направляющего, конуса выполнены концентрические отбортованные внутрь щели для прохода газа, отбортовки которых снабжены переточными трубка- ³⁵ми, соединяющими их и размещенными равномерно по периметру, причем число переточных трубок увеличивается по высоте контактного элемента·, а диаметр нижней отбортовки любой щели меньше диаметра верхней отбортовки той же щели. _J5 object is achieved in that a plate provided with an overflow device and a contact member comprising a conical shell with the holes in the bottom of the swirler and v'verhney to koto- swarm ₃₀ is rigidly attached a large base guide cone, ηρ height of the guide cone formed concentric flanged inward slots for gas passage, flanges of which are provided with transfer pipes - ³⁵ , connecting them and placed evenly around the perimeter, and the number of transfer pipes increases along the height of the contact element ·, and the diameter of the lower flanging of any gap is less than the diameter of the upper flanging of the same gap.

Нижний конец переливного устройства размещен над нижележащим завихрителем.The lower end of the overflow device is placed above the underlying swirl.

На фиг. 1 изображен общий вид контактной тарелки; на фиг. 2 - разрез А-А фиг, 1; на фиг. 3 - узел I фиг. 1,In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the contact plate; in FIG. 2 - section aa of FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - node I of FIG. 1,

Контактная прямоточная тарелка ⁵⁰содержит полотно 1, на котором установлен контактный элемент 2, содержащий коническую обечайку 3 с отверстиями 4 в нижней части и завихрителем 5 в верхней. К обечайке 3 жег» ⁵⁵стко прикреплен большим основанием направляющий конус 6, по высоте которого выполнены отбортованные внутрь лем₀ The direct-flow contact plate ⁵⁰ comprises a web 1 on which a contact element 2 is mounted, comprising a conical shell 3 with holes 4 in the lower part and a swirler 5 in the upper one. A guide cone 6 is fastened to the shell 3 burns » ⁵⁵ by a large base, along the height of which there are flanged inwards Lem ₀

Тарелка работает следующим образом.The plate works as follows.

Жидкость с полотна 1 тарелки проходит через отверстие 4, накапливается в объеме между отбортовкой 9 и конусом 6 и через трубки 10 частично перетекает к нижележащим отбортованным щелям, Благодаря тому, что число трубок 10 увеличивается по высоте элемента 2, обеспечивается не только заполнение жидкостью всех объемов между отбортовками 9 и конуса 6, но и переток ее через торец отбортовки в виде круговой пленки.The liquid from the plate 1 of the plate passes through the hole 4, accumulates in the volume between the flanging 9 and the cone 6 and partially flows through the tubes 10 to the underlying flanged slots. Due to the fact that the number of tubes 10 increases along the height of element 2, not only is the liquid filled with all volumes between flanges 9 and cone 6, but also its overflow through the flanging end in the form of a circular film.

Газовая фаза, поднимаясь по высоте колонны, разделяется. Часть ее проходит через меньшее основание конуса 6, диспергируя пленку жидкости и унося мелкодисперсную фазу вверх. Другая часть газа распределяется по щелям 7 и также мелко диспергирует стекающую с отбортовки 9 пленку жидкости.The gas phase, rising along the height of the column, is divided. Part of it passes through the smaller base of the cone 6, dispersing the liquid film and carrying the finely dispersed phase up. Another part of the gas is distributed over the slots 7 and also finely disperses the liquid film flowing from the flanging 9.

Такое выполнение тарелки позволяет значительно интенсифицировать процесс тепломассообмена за счет взаимодействия газожидкостных потоков во встречных струях. Сильная турбулизация газожидкостного потока обеспечивается вследствие сужения-расширения контактного объема по высоте контактного элемента и поступления новых газожидкостных потоков, что обеспечивает постоянное обновление поверхности контакта фаз и,следовательно интенсификацию процесса тепломассообмена. Интенсификации массообмена способствует и то, что диаметр Д отбортовки 8 выполнен меньше диаметра Д₁ отбортовки 9. При прохождении газожидкостного потока вверх по контактному элементу над отбортовкой 8 создается разрежение, что позволяет газу более эффективно диспергировать пленку жидкости, стекающую с отбортовки 9, и создавать более развитую поверхности контакта фаз.This embodiment of the plate allows you to significantly intensify the process of heat and mass transfer due to the interaction of gas-liquid flows in oncoming jets. Strong turbulization of the gas-liquid flow is ensured due to the narrowing-expansion of the contact volume along the height of the contact element and the arrival of new gas-liquid flows, which ensures constant updating of the contact surface of the phases and, therefore, the intensification of the heat and mass transfer process. The intensification of mass transfer is also facilitated by the fact that the diameter D of the flange 8 is smaller than the diameter D _{1 of the} flange 9. When a gas-liquid flow passes up the contact element above the flange 8, a vacuum is created, which allows the gas to more efficiently disperse the liquid film flowing from the flare 9 and create more developed phase contact surface.

986444 6986444 6

Далее сильнотурбулизированный с высокоразвитой поверхностью контакта фаз газожидкостный поток поступает в обечайку 3 и, проходя завихритель 5, приобретает враща- ⁵тельное движение. На этот завихритель также поступает' с вышележащей тарелки через устройство 12 жидкая фаза, которая также диспергируется поднимающимся газожидкостным пото- ^,0ком. Этим предотвращается проход жидкой фазы без контакта с газом, что повышает КПД тарелки.Then, a gas-liquid flow highly turbulized with a highly developed contact surface of the phases enters the shell 3 and, passing through the swirler 5, acquires a rotational motion ⁵ . The liquid phase, which is also dispersed by a rising gas-liquid sweat ^{, 0} com, also enters this swirler from the overlying plate through the device 12. This prevents the passage of the liquid phase without contact with the gas, which increases the efficiency of the plate.

Разделение фаз происходит после завихрителя 5 под действием центро- ¹⁵бежных сил. Жидкая фаза отбрасывается на стенку аппарата и стекает на полотно 1 и далее в переливное устройство, а газ поднимается на следующую контактную ступень. ²⁰ Phase separation occurs after 5 under the action of swirler ¹⁵ tachometric centripetal forces. The liquid phase is discarded on the wall of the apparatus and flows onto the web 1 and further into the overflow device, and the gas rises to the next contact stage. ²⁰

Таким образом, применение предлагаемой тарелки позволяет значительно интенсифицировать процесс тепломассообмена при значительных нагрузках по жидкой фазе за счет дис-²⁵пергирования жидкости газом на разных уровнях контактного'элемента и создания высокоразвитой сильнотурбулизированной непрерывно обновляющейся поверхности контакта фаз. 30Thus, the proposed use of plates significantly intensify heat and mass transfer process when heavy loads on the liquid phase due to the dis- ²⁵ pergirovaniya liquid gas at different levels and create highly kontaktnogo'elementa silnoturbulizirovannoy continuously renewing phase contact surface. thirty

Конструктивное выполнение переливного устройства предотвращает проход жидкой фазы без контакта с газом, что также повышает эффективность тепломассообмена, 35The design of the overflow device prevents the passage of the liquid phase without contact with the gas, which also increases the efficiency of heat and mass transfer, 35

Claims

The invention relates to devices for carrying out heat transfer processes in gas (vapor) - liquid systems and can be used in chemical, food and other related industries, in particular, for carrying out absorption and rectification processes. A known straight plate containing a contact element with a swirler in the upper part, mounted with an annular gap above the plate, forms an annular gap for the passage of fluid. A partition is installed under the plate, forming an annular slot for the passage of gas C1. The disadvantages of such a plate are increased hydraulic resistance and low efficiency of mass transfer at high loads in the liquid phase due to insufficiently developed contact surface of the phases. A known straight plate contains a contact element made in the form of a conical shell with openings in the lower part and a swirler in the upper part, to which a large base of the guide cone is rigidly attached, and the C2 J distribution cone is not sufficiently characterized high heat and mass transfer efficiency. - due to froro, that a part of the liquid flows through the overflow from top to bottom, the contact device goes through mine, and its interaction with gas occurs in film IME. It is known that the best heat and mass transfer occurs when the liquid phase is in a finely dispersed state. Thus, this leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the plate, in particular, and the entire apparatus as a whole, and necessitates the installation of additional contact devices in the apparatus. The disadvantages of this plate include the inability of the structure to work effectively with increasing loads on the liquid phase. With an increase in the amount of the liquid phase, it is necessary to increase the gap between the wall of the apparatus and the contact device to pass it. This leads to an increase in the film thickness and, accordingly, to a decrease in the contact surface of the phases. An increase in the flow rate of the liquid phase leads to the fact that the liquid flows from the distribution cone in the form of thick jets, which reduces the process of dispersion of the liquid by the gas flow. The aim of the invention is to intensify heat and mass transfer by increasing the contact surface of the phases with increasing loads on the liquid phase. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a plate equipped with an overflow device and a contact element, containing a conical shell with holes in the lower part and a swirler at the top, to which the guide cone is rigidly attached, large guide height, cone concentric flanges are made inside the slot for the passage of gas, the flanges of which are provided with transfer pipes connecting them and placed evenly around the perimeter, with the number of transfer pipes increasing along the height of the contact element, and the diameter of the bottom flange of any slot is less than the diameter of the upper flange of the same slot. The lower end of the overflow device is located above the underlying swirl. FIG. 1 shows a general view of the contact plate in FIG. 2; a time taken from section A-A of FIG. If in FIG. 3 - node I of FIG. 1. A contact flow plate contains a sheet 1 on which a contact element 2 is installed, containing a conical shell 3 with openings in the lower part and a swirler 5 in the upper part. A large cone is attached to the shell 3 with a large base. which made flanged inside 9 concentric slots 7 for the passage of gas. The diameter D of the bottom flange 8 of any slit is less than the diameter of the D-top flange 9 of the same slit. The upper and lower flange of any slit are rigidly interconnected by flow-through tubes 10, placed evenly around the perimeter of the slit. The lower end 11 of the overflow device 12 is placed above the underlying swirl. The plate works as follows. The liquid from the web 1 of the plate passes through the opening t, accumulates in the volume between the flange 9 and the cone 6, and through the tubes 10 partially flows to the underlying flanged slit. The number of tubes 10 increases in height of element 2, it provides not only filling all the volumes between the flanging 9 and cone 6 with liquid, but also flowing it through the flanging end in the form of a circular film. The gas phase, rising from the height of the column, is separated. Part of it passes through the smaller base of the cone 6, dispersing the liquid film and carrying away the fine phase up. The other part of the gas is distributed through the gaps 7 and also finely disperses the liquid film flowing from the flange 9. Such an embodiment of the plate makes it possible to significantly intensify the process of heat and mass transfer due to the interaction of gas-liquid flows in opposing jets. A strong turbulization of the gas-liquid flow is provided due to the narrowing of the expansion of the contact volume along the height of the contact element and the arrival of new gas-liquid flows, which ensures a constant renewal of the contact surface of the phases and, consequently, the intensification of the heat and mass transfer process. Mass transfer is enhanced by the fact that the diameter D of the flange 8 is smaller than the diameter D of the flange 9. When the gas-liquid flow passes upwards through the contact element, the vacuum over vacuum 8 is created, which allows the gas to more effectively disperse the liquid film flowing from the flange 9 and create more developed contact surface of phases. Then, the gas-liquid flow, which is strongly turbulized with a highly developed surface of contact of the phases, enters the shell 3 and the passage swirler 5i acquires a rotational motion. This swirler also comes from the overlying plate through the device 12, the liquid phase, which is also dispersed by the rising gas-liquid stream. This prevents the passage of the liquid phase without contact with the gas, which increases the efficiency of the tray. Phase separation occurs after the swirler 5 under the action of centrifugal forces. The liquid phase is thrown onto the wall of the apparatus and flows onto the canvas 1 and further into the overflow device, and the gas rises to the next contact stage. Thus, the use of the proposed plate allows to significantly intensify the process of heat and mass transfer under significant loads of the liquid by gas levels of the contact element and the creation of a highly developed highly turbulized continuously updated contact surface of the phases, constructive implementation of the overflow device prevents the passage of the liquid phase without contact with gas, which also increases efficiently the heat and mass transfer, Claim 1, Contact flow plate for interaction of gas (vapor) with liquid, equipped with an overflow device and a contact element containing a conical shell with holes in the lower part and a swirler at the top, to which a guide cone, which is rigidly attached by a large base, is characterized in that, in order to intensify heat and mass transfer by increasing the contact surface of the phases with increasing on the liquid phase, on the height of the guide cone are made concentric flanged inside the gas passage, the flanging of which is provided with transfer pipes connecting them and placed evenly around the perimeter, 2, the plate is full of Number of overflow tubes increases in height of the contact element, 3, Plate according to PP, 1 and 2, characterized in that the diameter of the bottom flange of any slot is smaller than the diameter of the upper flange of the same slot,, The plate according to PP, 1-3, differing from that the lower end of the mouth oystva positioned over the underlying swirler. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1, USSR Copyright Certificate N- 237090, class B 01 D 3/28, 1967. 2, USSR Author Certificate no. 6911 3, class B 01 D 3/30, 1978 (prototype ),

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