CS180629B2 - Process for manufacturing fibres from anorganic material and devices thereof - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing fibres from anorganic material and devices thereof

Info

Publication number
CS180629B2
CS180629B2 CS7400002115A CS211574A CS180629B2 CS 180629 B2 CS180629 B2 CS 180629B2 CS 7400002115 A CS7400002115 A CS 7400002115A CS 211574 A CS211574 A CS 211574A CS 180629 B2 CS180629 B2 CS 180629B2
Authority
CS
Czechoslovakia
Prior art keywords
devices
manufacturing fibres
anorganic material
anorganic
fibres
Prior art date
Application number
CS7400002115A
Other languages
Czech (cs)
Inventor
Marcel Lovocque
Jean Battigelli
Dominique Plantard
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain filed Critical Saint Gobain
Publication of CS180629B2 publication Critical patent/CS180629B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/06Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by blasting or blowing molten glass, e.g. for making staple fibres

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
CS7400002115A 1973-03-30 1974-03-22 Process for manufacturing fibres from anorganic material and devices thereof CS180629B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7311525A FR2223318B1 (en) 1973-03-30 1973-03-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CS180629B2 true CS180629B2 (en) 1978-01-31

Family

ID=9117145

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CS7400002115A CS180629B2 (en) 1973-03-30 1974-03-22 Process for manufacturing fibres from anorganic material and devices thereof

Country Status (33)

Country Link
US (6) US3874886A (en)
JP (21) JPS5243932B2 (en)
AR (1) AR207950A1 (en)
AT (1) AT364066B (en)
BE (1) BE813111A (en)
BG (1) BG39462A3 (en)
BR (1) BR7402532D0 (en)
CA (4) CA1060654A (en)
CH (1) CH570943A5 (en)
CS (1) CS180629B2 (en)
DD (1) DD113340A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2414779C3 (en)
DK (1) DK149648C (en)
ES (1) ES424811A1 (en)
FI (1) FI57247C (en)
FR (1) FR2223318B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1454061A (en)
HK (1) HK43877A (en)
HU (1) HU175824B (en)
IE (1) IE39070B1 (en)
IL (1) IL44271A (en)
IT (1) IT1051575B (en)
LU (1) LU69745A1 (en)
MY (1) MY7700216A (en)
NL (1) NL156664B (en)
NO (1) NO139954C (en)
OA (1) OA04694A (en)
PH (1) PH14041A (en)
RO (1) RO67607B (en)
SE (1) SE408791C (en)
TR (1) TR17986A (en)
YU (2) YU39523B (en)
ZA (1) ZA741243B (en)

Families Citing this family (89)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4145203A (en) * 1973-03-30 1979-03-20 Saint-Gobain Industries Apparatus for forming fibers from attenuable material
FR2223318B1 (en) * 1973-03-30 1978-03-03 Saint Gobain
FR2384723A1 (en) * 1975-02-18 1978-10-20 Saint Gobain METHOD AND DEVICES FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF FIBERS FROM THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS, SUCH AS GLASS
US4118213A (en) * 1973-03-30 1978-10-03 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for fiberizing attenuable materials and product thereof
US4015963A (en) * 1973-03-30 1977-04-05 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for forming fibers by toration
US4052183A (en) * 1973-04-24 1977-10-04 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for suppression of pollution in toration of glass fibers
US4070173A (en) * 1973-03-30 1978-01-24 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for fiberizing attenuable materials
US4015964A (en) * 1973-03-30 1977-04-05 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for making fibers from thermoplastic materials
US4159199A (en) * 1973-03-30 1979-06-26 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for forming fibers by gas blast attenuation
US4102662A (en) * 1973-03-30 1978-07-25 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for making fibers from thermoplastic materials
FR2374440A1 (en) * 1976-12-16 1978-07-13 Saint Gobain PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBERS FROM STRETCHABLE MATERIALS
US4211737A (en) * 1974-11-19 1980-07-08 Montedison S.P.A. Process for producing synthetic fibers for use in paper-making
JPS5857374B2 (en) * 1975-08-20 1983-12-20 日本板硝子株式会社 Fiber manufacturing method
AR207531A1 (en) * 1976-02-09 1976-10-08 Saint Gobain A PROCEDURE TO TRANSFORM A STRIABLE MATERIAL INTO FIBERS
JPS5310728A (en) * 1976-07-09 1978-01-31 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Manufacturing apparatus for thermal plastic fiber
US4146378A (en) * 1976-12-15 1979-03-27 Marcel Levecque Fiber formation by use of gas blast attenuation
US4140509A (en) * 1977-03-24 1979-02-20 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for making fibers from thermoplastic materials
US4137059A (en) * 1977-03-24 1979-01-30 Saint-Gobain Industries Method and apparatus for making fibers from attenuable materials
US4113456A (en) * 1977-03-24 1978-09-12 Saint-Gobain Industries Fiberization energy conservation
JPS585853B2 (en) * 1977-10-28 1983-02-02 セントラル硝子株式会社 Inorganic fiber manufacturing equipment
US4536361A (en) * 1978-08-28 1985-08-20 Torobin Leonard B Method for producing plastic microfilaments
DE2862175D1 (en) * 1978-09-11 1983-03-17 Spafi Soc Particip Financ Ind Method for manufacturing fibres by jet attenuation
DE2849357A1 (en) * 1978-11-14 1980-05-29 Saint Gobain METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INFLUENCING THE PROPERTIES OF FIBERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FIBERS FROM THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL
FR2444727A1 (en) * 1978-12-22 1980-07-18 Saint Gobain MANUFACTURE OF FIBERS USING GAS CURRENTS FROM A STRETCHABLE MATERIAL
US4363646A (en) * 1979-07-20 1982-12-14 Torobin Leonard B Method and apparatus for producing microfilaments
US4303430A (en) * 1980-03-06 1981-12-01 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for forming mineral fibers
US4239504A (en) * 1980-04-14 1980-12-16 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Free base amino alcohols as electrostatic precipitator efficiency enhancers
FR2499965B1 (en) * 1981-02-19 1985-06-14 Saint Gobain Isover PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBERS FROM STRETCHABLE MATERIALS
US4525314A (en) * 1981-03-18 1985-06-25 Torobin Leonard B Producing metal and metal glass microfilaments
WO1983001944A1 (en) * 1981-11-27 1983-06-09 Torobin, Leonard, B. Method and apparatus for producing metal and metal glass microfilaments
AU1044683A (en) * 1981-11-27 1983-06-17 Leonard B. Torobin Method and apparatus for producing plastic microfilaments
AU1041283A (en) * 1981-11-27 1983-06-17 Torobin, Leonard B. Method and apparatus for producing microfilaments
US4389232A (en) * 1982-02-05 1983-06-21 Rene Fournier Apparatus for making fibers from thermoplastic materials
US4414010A (en) * 1982-06-21 1983-11-08 Manville Service Corporation Apparatus for attenuating mineral fibers
WO1984001365A1 (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-04-12 Atlantic Richfield Co Glass-forming compositions containing naturally occurring pre-reacted zeolite and method for producing a glass therefrom
US4652535A (en) * 1982-09-30 1987-03-24 Ensci Incorporated Alkaline-resistant glass bodies and fibers
JPS59118531U (en) * 1983-01-26 1984-08-10 ジューキ株式会社 Printer type positioning device
US4680277A (en) * 1983-09-28 1987-07-14 Ensci Incorporated Alumina and alkaline earth metal oxide modified zeolite glass composition
EP0157865A1 (en) * 1983-09-28 1985-10-16 Atlantic Richfield Company Alumina and alkaline earth metal oxide modified zeolite glass composition
US4631013A (en) * 1984-02-29 1986-12-23 General Electric Company Apparatus for atomization of unstable melt streams
JPS61149413U (en) * 1985-02-27 1986-09-16
JPS61216502A (en) * 1985-03-22 1986-09-26 Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd Polarized wave converting grating
JPS61242402A (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-28 Tokyo Keiki Co Ltd Circular polarizing grating
DE3514440A1 (en) * 1985-04-20 1986-10-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart HOUSING FOR RECEIVING ELECTRICAL CONTROL UNITS, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
DE3775499D1 (en) * 1986-03-13 1992-02-06 Richard F Cheney POWDER SPRAYING METHOD AND DEVICE.
US4731517A (en) * 1986-03-13 1988-03-15 Cheney Richard F Powder atomizing methods and apparatus
JPS63162661U (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-24
JPS649764A (en) * 1987-07-01 1989-01-13 Triumph Adler Ag Printing hammer for type of typewriter or similar machine
US4889546A (en) * 1988-05-25 1989-12-26 Denniston Donald W Method and apparatus for forming fibers from thermoplastic materials
US4861362A (en) * 1988-05-25 1989-08-29 Denniston Donald W Method and apparatus for forming fibers from thermoplastic materials
JP2515898B2 (en) * 1989-11-30 1996-07-10 ホーヤ株式会社 Melting device
FR2697198B1 (en) * 1992-10-26 1995-02-24 Darlet Marchante Tech Sa Device for plating sheet or plate products on a cooling drum.
US5478224A (en) * 1994-02-04 1995-12-26 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Apparatus for depositing a material on a substrate and an applicator head therefor
US5711970A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-01-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5811178A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-09-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High bulk nonwoven sorbent with fiber density gradient
US5667749A (en) * 1995-08-02 1997-09-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
AU1022397A (en) * 1995-12-15 1997-07-14 Kimberly-Clark Corporation High temperature, high speed rotary valve
US5902540A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-05-11 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Meltblowing method and apparatus
US6680021B1 (en) 1996-07-16 2004-01-20 Illinois Toolworks Inc. Meltblowing method and system
US5904298A (en) * 1996-10-08 1999-05-18 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Meltblowing method and system
FR2768144B1 (en) * 1997-09-10 1999-10-01 Vetrotex France Sa GLASS YARNS SUITABLE FOR REINFORCING ORGANIC AND / OR INORGANIC MATERIALS
US5882573A (en) * 1997-09-29 1999-03-16 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Adhesive dispensing nozzles for producing partial spray patterns and method therefor
US6117379A (en) * 1998-07-29 2000-09-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method and apparatus for improved quenching of nonwoven filaments
US6051180A (en) * 1998-08-13 2000-04-18 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Extruding nozzle for producing non-wovens and method therefor
US6200635B1 (en) 1998-08-31 2001-03-13 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Omega spray pattern and method therefor
US6602554B1 (en) 2000-01-14 2003-08-05 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Liquid atomization method and system
US20050106982A1 (en) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Nonwoven elastic fibrous webs and methods for making them
US20070059508A1 (en) * 2005-09-13 2007-03-15 Building Materials Investment Corporation Fiber mat and process of making same
US7802452B2 (en) * 2005-12-21 2010-09-28 Johns Manville Processes for making inorganic fibers
US7807591B2 (en) * 2006-07-31 2010-10-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Fibrous web comprising microfibers dispersed among bonded meltspun fibers
US7798434B2 (en) * 2006-12-13 2010-09-21 Nordson Corporation Multi-plate nozzle and method for dispensing random pattern of adhesive filaments
US7985058B2 (en) * 2007-01-12 2011-07-26 Mark Gray Method and apparatus for making uniformly sized particles
JP5654356B2 (en) * 2007-12-28 2015-01-14 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Composite nonwoven web and method for making and using the same
JP5221676B2 (en) * 2007-12-31 2013-06-26 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Fluid filtration article and method for making and using the same
JP5524862B2 (en) * 2007-12-31 2014-06-18 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Composite nonwoven fibrous web having a continuous particulate phase and methods for making and using the same
US8074902B2 (en) 2008-04-14 2011-12-13 Nordson Corporation Nozzle and method for dispensing random pattern of adhesive filaments
US8858986B2 (en) 2008-06-12 2014-10-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Biocompatible hydrophilic compositions
MX345585B (en) * 2008-06-12 2017-02-07 3M Innovative Properties Co Melt blown fine fibers and methods of manufacture.
EP2379785A1 (en) 2008-12-30 2011-10-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Elastic nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using
PL2414574T3 (en) 2009-03-31 2019-05-31 3M Innovative Properties Co Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same
AU2010339869B2 (en) * 2009-12-17 2014-12-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same
AU2010330866A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2012-07-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs, melt blown fine fibers, and methods of making and using the same
JP2013520583A (en) 2010-02-23 2013-06-06 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs and methods for their manufacture and use
US9475034B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2016-10-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Nonwoven fibrous webs containing chemically active particulates and methods of making and using same
BR112013000281A2 (en) 2010-07-07 2016-05-24 3M Innovative Properties Co non-woven airborne fibrous webs (airlaid) fitted with a standard and methods for the preparation and use thereof
TW201221714A (en) 2010-10-14 2012-06-01 3M Innovative Properties Co Dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same
US9802187B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2017-10-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Non-woven electret fibrous webs and methods of making same
CN104780875B (en) 2012-10-12 2018-06-19 3M创新有限公司 multi-layer product
JP6205517B1 (en) * 2017-06-15 2017-09-27 株式会社Roki Fine fiber production equipment

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US328226A (en) * 1885-10-13 Manufacture of mineral wool
US2126411A (en) * 1934-04-17 1938-08-09 Johns Manville Method for making mineral wool
US2515738A (en) * 1945-09-17 1950-07-18 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for producing glass fibers
US2687551A (en) * 1947-05-06 1954-08-31 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for forming glass fibers
US2609566A (en) * 1948-12-31 1952-09-09 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for forming fibers
US2810157A (en) * 1952-03-05 1957-10-22 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for producing fibers
GB724314A (en) * 1953-03-25 1955-02-16 Harry Morgan Yeatman Improvements in and relating to apparatus and method for the production of mineral fibres
US2814832A (en) * 1953-05-04 1957-12-03 Gustin Bacon Mfg Co Process for producing superfine glass fibers
US3019476A (en) * 1954-10-20 1962-02-06 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Cooling method and apparatus
US2982991A (en) * 1956-11-09 1961-05-09 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Apparatus for making fibers
US3224852A (en) * 1956-12-28 1965-12-21 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Apparatus for forming fibers
FR1177874A (en) * 1957-06-18 1959-04-30 Cie De Pont A Mousson Process and installation for the manufacture of fibers from thermoplastic materials
US2972169A (en) * 1957-09-13 1961-02-21 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for producing fibers
AT244011B (en) * 1960-10-24 1965-12-10 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Process for producing fibers from viscous masses and apparatus for carrying out the process
NL270569A (en) * 1960-10-24
US3347648A (en) * 1964-08-19 1967-10-17 Certain Teed Fiber Glass Spinning glass filaments
FR95229E (en) * 1968-03-14 1970-08-07 Cie De Saint Gobain S A Process and devices for the manufacture of fibers from thermoplastic materials, such as in particular glass fibers.
FR1583071A (en) * 1968-07-10 1969-10-17
FR2223318B1 (en) * 1973-03-30 1978-03-03 Saint Gobain

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK149648B (en) 1986-08-25
DE2414779A1 (en) 1974-10-17
JPS50126941A (en) 1975-10-06
JPS50126933A (en) 1975-10-06
JPS50126936A (en) 1975-10-06
US3874886A (en) 1975-04-01
JPS50126935A (en) 1975-10-06
JPS5850939B2 (en) 1983-11-14
JPS50126942A (en) 1975-10-06
JPS5849498B2 (en) 1983-11-04
FI57247B (en) 1980-03-31
JPS50126928A (en) 1975-10-06
AU6648674A (en) 1975-09-11
US4199338A (en) 1980-04-22
AT364066B (en) 1981-09-25
FR2223318B1 (en) 1978-03-03
YU87574A (en) 1982-05-31
JPS50126946A (en) 1975-10-06
CH570943A5 (en) 1975-12-31
DE2414779C3 (en) 1982-11-11
YU40243B (en) 1985-08-31
JPS49125632A (en) 1974-12-02
IL44271A (en) 1977-11-30
JPS50126927A (en) 1975-10-06
JPS50126940A (en) 1975-10-06
JPS50126943A (en) 1975-10-06
NO741131L (en) 1974-10-01
ZA741243B (en) 1975-01-29
DK149648C (en) 1987-02-09
NL156664B (en) 1978-05-16
BR7402532D0 (en) 1974-12-24
JPS50126939A (en) 1975-10-06
TR17986A (en) 1976-08-20
PH14041A (en) 1980-12-12
JPS50126938A (en) 1975-10-06
IT1051575B (en) 1981-05-20
FR2223318A1 (en) 1974-10-25
SE408791B (en) 1979-07-09
HU175824B (en) 1980-10-28
FI57247C (en) 1980-07-10
US3885940A (en) 1975-05-27
JPS5850940B2 (en) 1983-11-14
YU39523B (en) 1984-12-31
HK43877A (en) 1977-09-09
IE39070B1 (en) 1978-08-02
NL7404287A (en) 1974-10-02
CA1081955A (en) 1980-07-22
JPS50126944A (en) 1975-10-06
JPS50126929A (en) 1975-10-06
US4194897A (en) 1980-03-25
JPS5849497B2 (en) 1983-11-04
JPS5243932B2 (en) 1977-11-02
JPS50126937A (en) 1975-10-06
SE408791C (en) 1987-11-05
JPS50126934A (en) 1975-10-06
OA04694A (en) 1980-07-31
JPS50126931A (en) 1975-10-06
ATA242974A (en) 1981-02-15
NO139954B (en) 1979-03-05
JPS50126932A (en) 1975-10-06
SE7404305L (en) 1974-12-30
BE813111A (en) 1974-09-30
JPS50126945A (en) 1975-10-06
US4249926A (en) 1981-02-10
CA1091021A (en) 1980-12-09
JPS50126930A (en) 1975-10-06
RO67607A (en) 1983-04-29
DE2414779B2 (en) 1978-06-15
US4123243A (en) 1978-10-31
CA1060654A (en) 1979-08-21
MY7700216A (en) 1977-12-31
GB1454061A (en) 1976-10-27
RO67607B (en) 1983-04-30
NO139954C (en) 1982-11-24
AR207950A1 (en) 1976-11-22
ES424811A1 (en) 1976-12-01
CA1059321A (en) 1979-07-31
YU319880A (en) 1983-04-30
IL44271A0 (en) 1974-05-16
IE39070L (en) 1974-09-30
LU69745A1 (en) 1974-10-17
BG39462A3 (en) 1986-06-16
DD113340A5 (en) 1975-06-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CS180629B2 (en) Process for manufacturing fibres from anorganic material and devices thereof
IL46416A (en) Construction material containing plastics and process and apparatus for its production
CS189684B2 (en) Process for preparing thermoplastic material
ZA73559B (en) Process and apparatus for the recovery of cellulose fibres from plastic coated-fibrous cellulose material
IL40770A0 (en) Process for the dyeing of fibre material
ZA747092B (en) Process and device for drying synthetic fibrous material
IL43715A0 (en) Process and apparatus for the production of fibres from waste material
GB1538868A (en) Filter material and process for preparing same
JPS5233651A (en) Synthetic materials and process for manufacture thereof
IL44279A0 (en) N-phenylpyrroles and process for their manufacture
EG11674A (en) Phosphine-developing pesticides and process for production thereof
AU8070575A (en) Melt spinning process
ZA753865B (en) Pesticide and process for its production
ZA75889B (en) Fibrous structures and process for the manufacture thereof
JPS5268275A (en) Material used for drainage and its manufacturing process
ZA727708B (en) Process for the dyeing of fibre material
IL46777A0 (en) Thread-like textile material and process for the manufacture thereof
CS187473B2 (en) Combined material and process for preparing thereof
IL43325A0 (en) Process and apparatus for manufacturing metal-coated glass
JPS5293610A (en) Slidable material and process for production thereof
CA1006772A (en) Yarns and process for production thereof
IL44974A0 (en) 1-alkyl-2-(pyridylsulfinylmethyl)-5-nitro-imidazoles and 1-alkyl-2-(pyridylsulfonylmethyl)-5-nitro-imidazoles and process for their manufacture
HU173045B (en) Process and equipment for preparing polyacrylonitrile fibrous materials
AU482001B2 (en) Process and device for drying hydrophobic fibrous material
CA878806A (en) Apparatus for manufacturing webs from fiber material