CO5271741A1 - Inhibidores de neuraminidasas - Google Patents

Inhibidores de neuraminidasas

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Publication number
CO5271741A1
CO5271741A1 CO00079304A CO00079304A CO5271741A1 CO 5271741 A1 CO5271741 A1 CO 5271741A1 CO 00079304 A CO00079304 A CO 00079304A CO 00079304 A CO00079304 A CO 00079304A CO 5271741 A1 CO5271741 A1 CO 5271741A1
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Colombia
Prior art keywords
alkyl
alkenyl
heterocyclic
cycloalkenyl
cycloalkyl
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CO00079304A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clarence J Marring
Vincent L Giranda
M Kati Warren
Allan C Krueger
Steven W Muchmore
Vincent S Stoll
Wang Sheldon
Chen Yuanwei
David J Grampovnik
Dale J Kempf
Lin Zhen
Sun Minghua
C Yeung Ming
David A Degoey
Gui Gu Yu
L Kennedy April
Donald L Madigan
D Stewart Kent
Gary T Wang
Zhao Chen
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Abbott Lab
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Publication of CO5271741A1 publication Critical patent/CO5271741A1/es

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    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
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    • C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
    • C07C233/46—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C233/48—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a saturated carbon skeleton containing rings
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/24—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
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    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
    • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C271/22—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carboxyl groups
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
    • C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C271/24—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carbamate groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C279/00—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C279/16—Derivatives of guanidine, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of guanidine groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D263/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/24—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
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    • C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
    • C07D317/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D317/30—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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    • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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    • C07B2200/09—Geometrical isomers
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
    • C07C2601/08—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/06—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring
    • C07C2601/10—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

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Abstract

Un compuesto enantioméricamente enriquecido CARACTERIZADO PORQUE tiene la estereoquímica absoluta de fórmula<EMI FILE="00079304_1" ID="1" IMF=JPEG >o una sal, éster o una prodroga de los mismos,donde R1 se selecciona del grupo formado por(a) -CO2H, (b) -CH2CO2H, (c) -SO3H, (d) -CH2SO3H, (e) -SO2H, (f) -CH2SO2H, (g)-PO3H2, (h) -CH2PO3H2, (i) -PO2H, (j) -CH2PO2H, (k) tetrazolilo, (l) -CH2-tetrazolilo, (m) -C(=O)-NH-S(O)2-R11, (n) -CH2C(=O)-NH-S(O)2-R11, (o) -SO2N(T-R11)R12 y (p) -CH2SO2N(T-R11 )R12donde T se selecciona del grupo formado por(i) un enlace, (ii) -C(=O)-, (iii) -C(=O)O-, (iv) -C(=O)S-, (v) -C(O)NR36, (vi) -C(=S)O-, (vii) -C(=S)S- y (viii) -C(=S)NR36-,R11 se selecciona del grupo formado por(i) C1-C12-alquilo, (ii) C2-C12-alquenilo, (iii) cicloalquilo, (iv) (cicloalquil)alquilo, (v) (cicloalquil)alquenilo, (vi) cicloalquenilo, (vii) (cicloalquenil)alquilo, (viii) (cicloalquenil)alquenilo, (ix) arilo, (x) (aril)alquilo, (xi) (aril)alquenilo, (xii) heterocíclico, (xiii) alquilo(heterocíclico) y (xiii) (xiv) alquenilo(heterocíclico); yR12 y R36 se seleccionan, independientemente entre sí, del grupo formado por - 2 -(i) hidrógeno, (ii) C1-C12-alquilo, (iii) C2-C12-alquenilo, (iv) cicloalquilo, (v) (cicloalquil)alquilo, (vi) (cicloalquil)alquenilo, (vii) cicloalquenilo, (viii) (cicloalquenil)alquilo, (ix) (cicloalquenil)alquenilo, (x) arilo, (xi) (aril)alquilo, (xii) (aril )alquenilo, (xiii) heterocíclico, (xiv) alquilo(heterocíclico) y (xv) alquenilo(heterocíclico);X se selecciona del grupo formado por(a) -C(=O)-N(R*)-, (b) -N(R*)-C(=O)-, (c) -C(=S)-N(R*)-, (d) -N(R*)-C(=S)-, (e) -N(R*)-SO2-, y M -SO2-N(R*)-, donde R* es hidrógeno, C1-C3-alquilo inferior o ciclopropilo;R2 se selecciona del grupo formado por(a) hidrógeno, (b) C1-C6-alquilo, (C) C2-C6-alquenilo, (d) C3-C6-cicloalquilo, (e) C5-C6-cicloalquenilo, (f) halo-C1-C6-alquilo y (g) halo-C2-C6-alquenilo;o R2-X es <EMI FILE="00079304_2" ID="2" IMF=JPEG >donde Y1 es -CH2-, -O-, -S- o -NH- e Y2 es -C(=O)- o -C(Raa)(Rbb), donde Raa y Rbb se seleccionan, independientemente entre sí, del grupo formado por hidrógeno, C1-C3-alquilo inferior, hidroximetilo, 1-hidroxietilo, 2-hidroxietilo, aminometilo, 1-aminoetilo, 2-aminoetilo, tiolmetilo, 1-tioletilo, 2-tioletilo, metoximetilo, N-metilaminometilo y metiltiometilo;Z1 es -O-, -S-, or C(R5)2;R3 y R4 se seleccionan, independientemente entre sí, del grupo formado por (a) hidrógeno, (b) cicloalquilo, (c) cicloalquenilo, (d) heterocíclico, (e) arilo y (f) -Z-R14donde Z es(i) -C(R37a)(R37b)-, (ii) -C(R47)=C(R48)-, (iii) -C=C-, (iv) -C(=O)- (v) -C(=S)-, (vi) -C(=NR15)-, (vii) -C(R37a)-C(OR37c)-, (viii) -C(R37a)(SR37c)-, (ix)-C(R37a)(N(R37b)(R37c))-, (x) -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-, (xi)-C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37c)-, (xii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(O)(R37c), (xiii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(OH)-, (xiv) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-, (xv) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S(O)-, (xvi) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S(O)2-, (xvii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=O)-, (xviii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=S)-, (xix) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=NR15)-, (xx) -C(R37a)(OR37c)-C(=O)-, (xxi) -C(R37a)(SR37b)-C(=O)-, (xxii) -C(R37a)(OR37c)-C(=S)-, (xxiii) -C(R37a)(SR37c)-C(=S)-, (xxiv) -C(=O)-C(R37a)(OR37c)-, (xxv) -C(=O)-C(R37a)(SR37c)-, (xxvi) -C(=S)-C(R37a)(OR37c)-, (xxvii)-C(=S)-C(R37a)(SR37c)-, (xxviii) -C(R37a)(OR37c)-C(R37a)(OR37c)-, (xxix) -C(R37a)(SR37c)-C(R37a)(OR37c)-, (xxx) -C(R37a)(OR37c)-C(R37a)(SR37c)-, (xxxi) -C(R37a)(SR37c)-C(R37a)(SR37c)-, (xxxii) -C(=O)-C(=O)-, (xxxiii) -C(=S)-C(=S)-, (xxxiv)-C(=O)-O-, (xxxv) -C(=O)-S-, (xxxvi) -C(=S)-O-, (xxxvii) -C(=S)-S-, (xxxviii) -C(=O)-N(R37a)- (xxxix) -C(=S)-N(R37a)-, (xl)-C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=O)-N(R37a)-, (xli) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=S)-N(R37a)-, (xlii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=O)-O-, (xliii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=O)-S-, (xliv) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=S)-O-, (xlv) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(=S)-S-, (xlvi)-C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=O)-, (xlvii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=S)-, (xlviii)-C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=O)-, (xlix) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=O)-, (I) -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=S)-, (li) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=S)-, (lii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=O)-N(R37a) (liii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=S)-N(R37a)-, (liv) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=O)-O-, (lv) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=O)-S-, (lvi) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=S)-O- (lvii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=S)-S-, (lviii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=O)-N(R37a)-, (lix) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=O)-N(R37a), (Ix) -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=S)-N(R37a)-, (lxi) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=S)-N(R37a), (lxii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=O)-O-, (lxiii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=O)-O, (lxiv) -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=O)-S-, (lxv) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=O)-S-, (lxvi) -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=S)-O-, (lxvii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=S)-O-, (lxviii) -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=S)-S-, (lxix) -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=S)-S-, o (lxx) -C(R37a)(R37b)-C(R37a)(OR37c);R14 es(i) hidrógeno, (ii) C1-C12-alquilo, (iii) haloalquilo, (iv) hidroxialquilo, (v) alquilotiol-sustituido, (vi) alquilo R37c-O-sustituido, (vii) alquilo R37c-S-sustituido, (viii) aminoalquilo, (ix) alquilo (R37c)NH-sustituido, (x) alquilo(R37a)(R37c)N-sustituido, (xi) alquilo R37a -O-(O=)C-sustituido, (xii) alquilo R37a-S-(O=)C-sustituido, (xiii) alquiloR37aO-(S=)C-sustituido, (xiv) alquilo R37a-S-(S=)C-sustituido, (xv) alquilo (R37aO)2-P(=O)-sustituido, (xvi) cianoalquilo, (xvi) C2-C12-alquenilo, (xviii) haloalquenilo, (xix) C2-C12-alquinilo,(xx) cicloalquilo, (xxi) (cicloalquil)alquilo, (xxii) (cicloalquil)alquenilo, (xxiii) (cicloalquil)alquinilo, (xxiv) cicloalquenilo, (xxv) (cicloalquenil)alquilo, (xxvi) (cicloalquenil)alquenilo, (xxvii) (cicloalquenil)alquinilo, (xxviii) arilo, (xxix) (aril)alquilo, (xxx) (aril)alquenilo, (xxxi) (aril)alquinilo, (xxxii) heterocíclico, (xxxiii) alquil(heterocíclico), (xxxiv) alquenil(heterocíclico) o (xxxv) alquinil(heterocíclico),con la condición que es distinto de hidrógeno cuando Z es-C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=O)-O-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=S)-O-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=O)-O-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37b)-C(=S)-S-, - 3 --C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=O)-O-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=S)-O-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=O)-O-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=S)-O-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=O)-S-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-O-C(=S)-S-, -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=O)-S o -C(R37a)(R37b)-S-C(=S)-S-; R37a, R37b y R37c, se seleccionan en cada aparición, independientemente entre sí, del grupo formado por(i) hidrógeno, (ii) C1-C12-alquilo, (iii) haloalquilo, (iv) hidroxialquilo, (v) alcoxialquilo, (vi) C2-C12-alquenilo, (vii) haloalquenilo, (viii) C2-C12-alquinilo, (ix) cicloalquilo, (x)(cicloalquil)alquilo, (xi) (cicloalquil)alquenilo, (xii) (cicloalquil)alquinilo, (xiii) cicloalquenilo, (xiv) (cicloalquenil)alquilo, (xv) (cicloalquenil)alquenilo, (xvi) (cicloalquenil)alquinilo, (xvii) arilo, (xviii) (aril)alquilo, (xix) (aril)alquenilo, (xx) (aril)alquinilo, (xxi) heterocíclico, (xxii) alquil(heterocíclico), (xxiii) alquenil(heterocíclico) y (xxiv) alquinil(heterocíclico),R37c se selecciona en cada aparición, independientemente, del grupo formado por: (i) hidrógeno, (ii) C1-C12-alquilo, (iii) haloalquilo, (iv) C2-C12-alquenilo, (v) haloalquenilo, (vi) C2-C12-alquinilo, (vii) cicloalquilo, (viii) (cicloalquil)alquilo, (ix) (cicloalquil)alquenilo, (x) (cicloalquil)alquinilo, (xi) cicloalquenilo, (xii) (cicloalquenil)alquilo, (xiii) (cicloalquenil)alquenilo, (xiv) (cicloalquenil)alquinilo, (xv) arilo, (xvi) (aril)alquilo, (xvii) (aril)alquenilo, (xviii) (aril)alquinilo, (xix) heterocíclico, (xx) alquilo(heterocíclico), (xxi) alquenilo(heterocíclico) (xxii) alquinilo(heterocíclico), (xxiii) -C(=O)-R14, y (xxiv) -C(=S)-R, (xxv) -S(O)2-R14 y (xxvi) hidroxialquilo;o cuando Z es -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(R37c)-, entonces cuando N(R37C)-R14 se toman juntos constituyen un grupo azida;o cuando Z es -C(R37a)(R37b)-N(O)(R37c)-, entonces cuando N(O)(R37C)-R14 se toman juntos constituyen un anillo heterocíclico de 3-7 miembros N-oxidado que posee por lo menos un átomo de nitrógeno en el anillo N-oxidado,o cuando Z es -C(R37a)(OR37c)-, -C(R37a)(SR37c)- o - -C(R37a)(N(R37b)(R37c))-, luego R37a, R14 y el átomo de carbono al que estaban unidos cuando se toman juntos forman un anillo ciclopentilo, ciclopentenilo, ciclohexilo o ciclohexenilo o luego OR37c o SR37c o N(R37c) y R14 y el átomo de carbono al que están unidos cuando se toman juntos forman un anillo heterocíclico que contiene un átomo de O, S o N, respectivamente, y conteniendo desde 4 a 8 átomos del anillo;R15 se selecciona del grupo formado por(i) hidrógeno, (ii) hidroxi, (iii) amino, (iv) C1-C12-alquilo, (v) haloalquilo, (vi) C2-C12-alquenilo, (vii) haloalquenilo, (viii) cicloalquilo, (ix) (cicloalquil)alquilo, (x) (cicloalquil)alquenilo, (xi) cicloalquenilo, (xii) (cicloalquenil)alquilo, (xiii) (cicloalquenil)alquenilo, (xiv) arilo, (xv) (aril)alquilo, (xvi) (aril)alquenilo, (xvii) heterocíclico, (xviii) alquilo(heterocíclico) y (xix) alquenilo(heterocíclico),o R3 y R4 tomados juntos, con el átomo al cual están unidos, forman un anillo carbocíclico o heterocíclico que posee de 3 a 8 átomos en el anillo;R5 en cada aparición, se selecciona independientemente del grupo formado por:(a) hidrógeno, (b) -CH(R38)2, (c) -(CH2)r-O-R40, (d) C2-C4 alquinilo, (e) ciclopropilo, (f) ciclobutilo, (g) -C(=Q1)-R17, y (h) -(CH2)rN(R19)2donde r es 0, 1 ó 2; con la condición que cuando un R5 es -O-R40 o -N(R19)2, entonces el otro R5 es diferente que -O-R40 o -N(R19)2; donde Q1 es O, S o N(R18);R17 y R18 se seleccionan independientemente, en cada aparición, del grupo formado por hidrógeno, metilo y etilo;R19 , R38 y R40 se seleccionan independientemente, en cada aparición, del grupo formado por(i) hidrógeno, (ii) C1-C12-alquilo, (iii) haloalquilo, (iv) C2-C12-alquenilo, (v) haloalquenilo, (vi) cicloalquilo, (vii) (cicloalquil)alquilo, (viii) (cicloalquil)alquenilo, (ix) cicloalquenilo, (x) (cicloalquenil)alquilo, (xi) (cicloalquenil)alquenilo, (xii) arilo, (xiii) (aril)alquilo, (xiv) (aril)alquenilo, (xv) heterocíclico, (xvi) alquilo(heterocíclico) y (xvii) alquenilo(heterocíclico); o un R19 es un grupo N-protector;o los dos grupos R5 se toman juntos con un átomo de carbono al cual están unidos, forman un anillo carbocíclico o heterocíclico q
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