CN86104802A - Compliant tower - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of by near the fixing ocean operation compliant tower of tubulose long column stake the through sea level, the long column stake only is fixed on the derrick at an upper portion thereof.Major part on the stanchion is a thin wall shape, is the heavy wall formula and squeeze into fraction in the sea bed.On heavy section, hold to drive by the hammer of in thinner wall section, working and beat stanchion.The pre-assembly of stanchion is good, and is extremely on-the-spot as a part of transportation by driving of derrick.In one embodiment, whole stanchion makes up in advance and integral body is laid, so be fixed in derrick vertically after laying; In another embodiment, thinner wall section pre-fixes in derrick, lays so only heavy section is driven, and is fixed on the thinner wall section then.

Description

Compliant tower

The present invention relates to the derrick that is used for equipment such as supporting operation in the marine mining from sea bed to the sea level.Involved in the present invention to this derrick be used for the deep water situation, this moment can run into for example 800 meters the degree of depth.

Derrick with above-mentioned character to a certain extent can adaptation various environmental forces thereon, wherein the most important thing is wave force.Recently, derrick body plan gets very meticulously, has very high compliance or flexibility, and class methods are to adopt mechanical universal contact that derrick is fixed on the sea bed; Another kind of method then is devoted to by extending the fixing derrick stanchion to the sea bed, makes it up near the place, sea level, and at this place these stanchions is fixed on this derrick rigidly, makes derrick have compliance whereby.

Though above-mentioned back a kind of frame mode has superior part, but also just brought sizable difficulty thereupon.Mainly be to have such problem, promptly need to produce very long stanchion, squeeze in the process, take to replenish the method that welding " is added section " usually at it.This could squeeze into these stanchions with the sash weight of routine from the sea, carry out such impact but have only this moment when very thick thereby its intensity of used stanchion is enough to adapt to.

Make its stanchion extend to the opinion near the stanchion system on derrick top, they have two kinds of representational form of structure more like this; A kind of is that the stanchion that some diameters are less is combined in the pillar at place, derrick angle; Another kind is the center that the stanchion that many diameters are bigger is combined to derrick.

Then taked among the present invention and above diverse method, the back can be seen, the manufacturing issue of system that this kind method has not only been avoided aforementioned " long column stake ", but also overcome other do not chat as yet so far and a difficult problem.

Compliant tower of the present invention has a long stanchion at least, and its length has surpassed the major part length of derrick, and the bottom of this long column stake is used for squeezing into the earth's crust under water, and thicker wall portion is arranged, and the wall portion of this stanchion on its most length then is thin.This kind stanchion is attached on this derrick to basically rigidly up to the height of derrick, considerably near the place, sea level, but below this section of rigidly fixing, then can leave derrick vertically.

A kind of form of the present invention's derrick is, between two kinds of above-mentioned wall portions intersection or therewith the adjacent place of intersection teat in is arranged.Teat is subjected to a sort of effect of hammer under water that is referred to as the pen type hammer in this, in this hammer, by the bracing wire that is provided with electric supply installation and control cables in, is hanging the parts of the band hydraulic means that a vibration clip uses.A kind of like this hammer is to be suspended in the thin-walled portion of above-mentioned long column stake.The hoop of this hammer acts in this on teat, and is driven a big chunk of the heavy section of that stanchion was squeezed in the sea bed before stanchion is connected to derrick rigidly.

In another form, the heavy section of stanchion is assembled in the thin-walled portion, unless move this thick wall part with the hammer under water (as implied above) that is suspended in the thin-walled portion and act on the thick wall part upper end already, not so these two parts can not be fixed together.This thick wall part can slide vertically with respect to thin-walled portion at first, and this thin-walled portion then is attached on the derrick before driving rigidly; Be driven in the presence of this thin-walled portion, this thick wall part just skids off fixing thin-walled portion downwards.At this moment, these two parts are fixed together, and for example have one to connect part between them, make thick wall part the upper part remain in the lower end of thin-walled portion.Then, available water mud or these two parts of similar material filling are in the space that connects the place, perhaps make this (in inside) thick wall part outwards force to expand, and with contact and press to the inside that this connects place's another part, and make it to be squeezed in together.

Another aspect of the present invention has provided the method that a kind of ocean derrick is fixed in sea bed, wherein relate to a long stanchion is installed on derrick at least, the latter's length equates with the height of derrick substantially and two parts is arranged, the wall portion of the part at the bottom of the wherein contiguous derrick is thicker than remainder, derrick is located with respect to sea bed, and the hammer under water in the stanchion drives the thick wall part of each stanchion and beats thus, and the top with each stanchion is fixed to derrick simultaneously.

In a kind of form of said method, the heavy wall of each stanchion and thin-walled portion connect together rigidly and are positioned on the derrick, after being connected on the derrick location, make it to drive changeover portion position adjacent place between heavy wall and thinner wall section so far with acting on hammer under water on the stanchion, afterwards, the top of this stanchion promptly is attached on the derrick rigidly, and makes this stanchion most pile under this attachment position can leave this derrick basically vertically.

One of method of this form advantage is that this type of stanchion can be made fully on land.

In the another kind of form of said method, at first only be that the top with each stanchion is connected on the derrick rigidly.The heavy section of this stanchion can be in thinner wall section slides vertically, beats and driven by effect hammer under water in the top in back, derrick location.This heavy section is rigidly fixed to then with thinner wall section, for example makes that part of heavy wall that is overlapped in the thinner wall section force to expand and push outward, or cement paste is injected the space of overlap, perhaps adopts other proper method.

The advantage of the method for this form is, it only is thick wall part rather than whole stanchion that hammer drives the object of beating, thereby it is effective especially, it has also avoided beating the strain problems that the changeover portion between heavy wall and thin-walled portion causes because of driving, and this is because these two parts do not connect together before beating driving.

Like this, this kind stanchion can be delivered to floating mode and use the scene, is installed on the derrick geometry in advance; In addition, derrick geometry is being carried when in place, can be by the stanchion of this method assembling as the additional floating chamber of this derrick geometry.This derrick itself also can use a buoyancy tank when it is fixed and erects, and the head end of this buoyancy tank is the specially suitable position that is used for being attached these stanchion tops.

This type of stanchion can correlate with derrick geometry through any position, but special ideal situation is, they should adjoin and comparatively near the pillar of derrick geometry framework in the bight, for example adjacent each such pillar can dispose a pair of aforesaid stanchion, and make them be arranged on one therewith on the extension line at angle at 45, derrick side, and this to pile that a pillar adjoins in each root be that herewith pillar is equidistant and directly stand facing each other mutually by this pillar.In the corner positions of derrick, be added to from opposing that side direction (laterally) on the derrick is loaded and the viewpoint of reversing (bending) load considers then also have the advantage with respect to the torque capacity at said frame center.Remove this,, then can make it straight through almost irrelevant with the size of pillar with number of packages because these piles are outside pillar.

The present invention is applicable to the derrick of hauling-rope type and non-hauling-rope type.At least with regard to the field situation of the North Sea, user or designer etc. has been limited to the use guy rope and has retrained derrick, and because the surrender character of guy rope makes derrick can adapt to the environmental forces that usually takes place.But the present invention is because the structure that it provided has certain flexibility (obviously, the stanchion of thin-walled has much bigger flexibility than the stanchion of heavy wall under the same length), so suitably also can be used for non-hauling-rope type structure under the environment at least.In addition,, just can reduce the load of stanchion itself, improve the ability that frame construction is born this load because used stanchion belongs to thin wall construction on its most length.

The contrast accompanying drawing is described specific embodiments of the invention below, wherein

Fig. 1 is a lateral view of implementing a kind of hauling-rope type derrick of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the radial section figure by a stanchion end portion;

Fig. 3 is the sectional drawing on III-III plane at Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 shows the stanchion top is affixed to detail drawing on the pole;

Fig. 5 is the supporting of stanchion and the lateral view of guidance system;

Fig. 6 is the radial section figure that passes through a stanchion end portion that is used for setting forth second embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows in deep water from sea bed 2 and extends to derrick 1 on the sea level 3.The degree of depth of seawater is for arbitrarily, can up in addition above 800 meters.But described this embodiment may be non-remunerative for the situation of the depth of water less than 300 meters from it seems economically.This derrick is supporting the production equipment that is shown in 4 places, top, sea level, and itself is then supported by the guy rope 5 that extends sea bed.Act on wind-force 6 and/or wave and drag force 7 on the derrick, the center line that will impel derrick is towards lateral displacement, as showing very approx with dotted line 1a among the figure, and this situation can be regulated by the guy rope of tightening the upstream and the guy rope that loosens the downstream.When the length of derrick for for example 500 meters long the time, its top can be greatly to 15 meters with the distance of any direction displacement.

Also exist vertical load on derrick, this kind load can pass through buoyancy tank 8 payments, and the latter is assemblied in derrick 5 relatively close seas but is low to the place that is enough to avoid being subjected to the wave force damage.

For making derrick can make lateral oscillation, just should make it be made for compliant type, and the present invention promptly is at the apparatus and method that this purpose is realized.This kind derrick generally is made up of the tension structure of the conventional tubulose of tool shown in 9, and this kind tension part locates to have a pillar 10 at each abnormal angle.Also be provided with common interior tension part 11(Fig. 3) and the guiding device that is used for dragline 12.Also show the buoyancy tank of understanding round each pillar 10 8 in the sectional drawing of Fig. 3.This figure has also shown the upper end of long column stake 13, and each adjoins with each bar pillar 10 mutually to such long column stake.

These stanchions with regard to its meaning that can manufacture on land simultaneously with derrick, the prefabricated units of can saying so.They have two major parts.Show that as Fig. 2 is fully aware of the bottom of every stanchion 13 is structures 14 of a kind of heavy section, 15 of remainders growing its most of length that upwards accounted for along this stanchion are the thin a kind of structures of wall portion.In this embodiment, be inserted with an anti-shear ring 16 in the changeover portion between above-mentioned two kinds of wall portions, and a supine protuberance 17 is provided on the inside of stanchion.In an illustrated embodiment, this protuberance is an annular.

The thickness proportion of heavy wall and thinner wall section is as can preferably being about 2: 13: 2 to 4: 1 scope.

As just example, stanchion 13 can have approximate 2 meters diameter, and thick 14 wall thickness is 75 millimeters, and the wall thickness of thin portion 15 is about 38 millimeters, and promptly the thickness of thinner wall section can be similar to half than the wall thickness of heavy section.This heavy section 14 will be squeezed into sea bed, and preferably reaching has the continuation of part heavy section protruding on sea bed, make it to play as a kind of extra-heavy pin of derrick base or the effect of fixator, with the distortion power of resistant function in the derrick base.

In the next interval of each section pillar 10, for example each framework or framework that each is alternate are provided with the stanchion guide 18 of a pair of form of sleeve, be attached on the pillar by shear resisting board 19, the upper end then has guiding hopper 20 to be used for being convenient to insert stanchion when assembling.Derrick is to make on land, and long column stake 13 is located in the above-mentioned guide, also guides to the back simultaneously with in the sleeve on the buoyancy tank that describes in detail.These a few long column stakes or wherein some can be given sealing in transportation, can be used as additional buoyancy tank during transporting.

Then with derrick installation to its final erection position, and these stanchions are laid in succession by following mode, promptly in turn hammer the pile engine of hammer form under 21 the water intaking into shape and make it to fall with the sort of pen type that is referred to as shown in Fig. 2.As shown in the drawing, this type of hammer has a hammer body portion and one and involutory head or the clip 22 of male part 17.Have a hydraulic unit to be used for driving this hammer in the hammer body 21, this hammer is controlled by the umbilic cord on barge or other transportation boat, carries out the cocking action of derrick thus.Use this hammer bottom 14 is squeezed in the sea bed to suitable length, in this stage, the top of long column stake 13 should exceed the top of floating box structure 8 concordant approx and slightly.This can be clear that in Fig. 4; There is a pair of sleeve 23 upper end of floating box structure, and the entire portion of sleeve is attached on the pillar 10 by the shear resisting board 24 of welding, and is provided with guiding hopper 20 in the upper end of sleeve.These a few piles are promptly by this type of sleeve 23.

When stanchion is driven into, promptly the known method with the conventional mud and so on of pouring water makes it to be attached to securely sleeve 23, thereby as being illustrated with frame structure 25 among Fig. 1, in the position of approaching the sea level for example on 15 to 20 meters the length, be attached on the pillar 10 rigidly and integrally, but what its place in office then is not attached vertically.

Structure shown here is a kind of structure preferably, and wherein, stanchion 13 is each the paired configuration in the frame corners bilge cod 10, and is on the straight line with frame facet angle at 45.A kind of size that makes the structure of stanchion outside pillar can make stanchion like this is almost irrelevant with the size of pillar, and the stanchion of assembly any number in the reasonable scope, thereby can make derrick that lateral force and distortion power are had maximum stability.

Fig. 6 illustrated of the present invention one from preferred fixed embodiment, show and understand by long column stake 30 on its top with near the radial section of the part of sea bed 2.About all thickness and the length of stanchion 30 each parts, the function of stanchion, the position reaches the number that finally is attached to derrick, all does to describe with respect to first embodiment 13 in front; Difference only is the structure and the mounting means thereof of stanchion 30 itself.

As shown in Figure 6, this stanchion 30 has a heavy section 31 in the bottom, and its external diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter in the thinner wall section 32 on top, and this bottom 31 can be slipped within the top when not being fixed together with top 32.This heavy section 31 will be squeezed within the sea bed 2.

Derrick is made on land.The thinner wall section 32 of each stanchion 30 and then be positioned on this derrick, and when derrick is in place, this thinner wall section is attached on this derrick relatively a part, for example 25 places near the sea level; Under this position, 32 of this thin-walled portions are not to be fixed to vertically on this derrick, and above-mentioned operation is finished on land, and this is opposite with first embodiment.In this stage, thick wall part 31 is not fixed on the remainder of stanchion 30.

Be about to this derrick floating send and erect in place; Whole thick wall part 31 is allocated in its corresponding thin-walled portion 32 so that " nestable mode " is sliding.This moment with one under water hammer 21(as previously described) be lowered in each stanchion, and the clip 22 of this hammer is acted on the top of heavy section 31, order about that it is downward, squeeze into sea bed by the open type lower end on this stanchion top 32.Owing to only be to drive thick wall part 31 rather than whole stanchion, just can finish this effect of beating of driving especially effectively.When driving dozen thick wall part 31 rather than whole stanchion, can carry out this work of doing manual work that drives especially effectively.When heavy section 31 has been laid enough degree of depth, and its top part 33 is when for example 10 to 20 meters length is still stayed in the thinner wall section 32 of top, promptly stops this and drives to do manual work and do, and allow this two parts 31 be rigidly fixed to 32.In Fig. 6, be with cement paste 34 fill on the heavy sections 31 33 and thinner wall section 32 between the cylindrical shape gap reach the said fixing effect.Also can be by placing under the expandable mandrel in the perforate top 33 of heavy section 31, make this top 33 expand and contact and engage then with the inner surface of thinner wall section 32, and these two kinds of wall portions are squeezed in together, such disposal will be played the local effect that strengthens.

On the method for this fixedly derrick, the present invention has following positive effect, can make prefabricated stanchion as the part of whole assembly and floating transportation, and owing to the lower end of this stanchion is had be enough to for driving the thickness of beating usefulness but very thin again on its most length, thereby again can weight reduction and economical with materials (in the example of the ratio on the axial length is scope at 1: 3 as heavy section and thinner wall section, and preferably from 1: 5 to 1: 10, but the accurate ratio of this kind should depend on concrete the use on-the-spot depth of water and soil condition).

In different derrick embodiment, to each pillar different stanchion numbers can be arranged naturally, and these stanchions also can there be different configuration modes naturally with respect to this pillar.Under special circumstances, these stanchions might not be parallel with the axis of derrick.

Claims (14)

1, the compliant tower used of a kind of ocean comprises: one vertically extends to derrick geometry on the sea level from sea bed usually; The long column stake of some open-core types, comprise and account for its a fraction of bottom of whole length and account for most top of its whole length, the wall thickness of bottom is greater than the wall thickness on top, and the bottom is embedded in the sea bed, and the upper end on top then is installed in the described derrick geometry vertically firmly.

2, according to a kind of derrick of claim 1, the major part on the wherein said total length and the ratio of fraction are the scopes at 3: 1 to 10: 1.

3, according to a kind of derrick of claim 2, wherein the wall thickness of said fraction is about the twice of said most wall thickness.

4,, be inserted with an anti-shear ring between wherein said major part and the fraction, for a male part is provided in the above-mentioned stanchion according to a kind of derrick of above any one claim.

5, according to a kind of derrick of above any one claim, wherein said derrick geometry is rectangular on the cross section, and four corner posts are arranged, a pair of above-mentioned stanchion is arranged with each such pillar adjacency, and be configured in this rectangular-shaped piece sides adjacent plane at 45 approximately in.

6, be used for a kind of derrick of the depth of water between 300 meters and 800 meters according to above any one claim.

7, according to a kind of derrick of claim 6, the length of wherein said major part and fraction is than between 3: 1 to 10: 1, and the ratio of the wall thickness of this fraction and most wall thickness is about 2: 1.

8, a kind of ocean derrick is fixed to securely method on the sea bed, may further comprise the steps:

The hollow long column stake that extends to the sea level of adjacency from sea bed is provided, and these stanchions have with regard to a major part with regard to its total length and a fraction with regard to its total length, and the wall thickness of this fraction is greater than this most wall thickness,

Adopting is that the power that only acts on this fraction is squeezed into this fraction in the sea bed at least in part basically,

Then that this derrick is fixing vertically with respect to above-mentioned fraction of laying through driving, here, this derrick only is to be fixed to vertically on the aforesaid stanchion in said most upper end.

9, according to a kind of method of claim 8, be included in and adopt a hammer in this major part, the upper end of this fraction is applied driving force.

10,, be included in above-mentioned driving in the process of beating and make this fraction carry out axially-movable, and aforesaid fixing step comprises described fraction and major part be fixed together and must not have to axial and moves with respect to this major part according to a kind of method of claim 9.

11, according to a kind of method of claim 10, the major part of wherein addressing is before carrying out actuation step its upper end to be fixed on this derrick.

12, according to a kind of method of claim 9, whole stanchions of wherein addressing all can be done axially-movable with respect to this derrick in the aforementioned assembling stage, and in the aforesaid fixedly stage, these stanchions then are fixed in the top on that major part of addressing.

13, according to any one a kind of method in the claim 6 to 12, comprise with these long column stakes therewith derrick fit together, make it is that above-mentioned fraction can move vertically with respect to derrick at least; Make derrick together with stanchion floating deliver to derrick should the position; Derrick is vertically located to be driven and fixing step then.

14, according to a kind of method of claim 13, be included in the aforesaid floating process of transporting, the stanchion that adopts at least one to address is used as buoyancy tank.

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