CN86103116A

CN86103116A - The prescription of aluminium, zinc, silicon, manganese, rare-earth bearing metal and pouring procedure

Info

Publication number: CN86103116A
Application number: CN 86103116
Authority: CN
Inventors: 项宏瑶; 郭苏军; 马恒玉; 陈庆刚; 孙伟正; 袁培燕; 宫本奎; 张学钦; 王树文; 张德生
Original assignee: METALLURGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE SHANDONG PROVINCE
Current assignee: METALLURGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE SHANDONG PROVINCE
Priority date: 1986-04-28
Filing date: 1986-04-28
Publication date: 1987-11-11
Also published as: CN86103116B

Abstract

The prescription of a kind of aluminium, zinc, silicon, manganese, rare-earth bearing alloy and pouring procedure.Matrix according to the desired heterogeneous structure of the existing bearing metal of bearing metal of the molten system of prescription of the present invention, the lightweight more outstanding than Babbitt metal and other bearing metal, characteristics such as high-strength, wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, stainless are arranged again, are than Babbitt metal and better low speed, the heavy-duty bearing alloy material of other bearing metal.Bearing alloy casting process provided by the invention.Abandoned fully before the prior art cast to box hat clean, the complex process of tining.Adopted a kind of technology simple, easy to operate, in conjunction with firm direct cast novel process.

Description

The prescription of aluminium, zinc, silicon, manganese, rare-earth bearing metal and pouring procedure

The present invention relates to a kind of prescription of bearing metal and the innovation scheme of pouring technology thereof.

Bearing metal is a certain material of making sliding surface bearing.Bearing metal commonly used has multiple non-ferrous metal alloys such as traditional Babbitt metal, copper base alloy, aluminum base alloy.

Babbitt metal is to bear material more satisfactory in the bearing metal of moderate duty, particularly WU antimony alloy wherein has conformability preferably than other bearing metal, seizure resistance and embedding Tibetan property then has wear resistance preferably than lead antimony alloy, but its weak point is also arranged.For example: 1. because of its matrix is soft excessively, intensity is too low, and the ability of fatigue resistance and carrying heavy loading all is not so good as copper base alloy and aluminum base alloy, so can not be used as whole bearing shell, can not be applicable to the heavy-duty bearing that specific pressure is higher.The weakness that this is fatal has seriously limited its developing on Application Areas, and is though copper base and aluminum base alloy can be used as heavy-duty bearing, too expensive.Also influence is popularized; 2. because antimony is lighter than WU, when cast,, then gravity segregation be can produce, uniform tissue and performance can not get as not taking appropriate measures; 3. all lower because of its intensity and hardness; in order to guarantee that the alloy secure bond is on the box hat internal surface; can only adopt very complicated casting method traditionally; promptly before cast, the bearing box hat must be carried out following processing: alkali cleaning-washing-pickling-washing-boiling water cleaning-coating protectant-be coated with flux-extension WU.If directly pour into a mould without this handling procedure, the phenomenon that alloy and box hat are thrown off certainly will take place.And this handling procedure complex process not only, technology is difficult for grasping, and to hang WU also be a very complicated careful process.Extension WU method commonly used has immersed method and WU bar streak method, and these two kinds of methods are poured into a mould after all must hanging WU immediately.Otherwise after hanging WU liquid cooling but, the alloy of cast still is prone to bonding bad defective; 4. because of the raw material ratio of selecting for use is more valuable, add the manufacturing process complexity, must cause phenomenons such as cost height, price be expensive, in short supply.

The objective of the invention is a series of problems of existing in the material of Babbitt metal and the pouring technology thereof, propose following innovation scheme:

The first, provide that a kind of supporting capacity is big, wear resisting property good, the mill axle is light, manufacturing process is easy, materials are cheap, cost is low, and can replace novel low speed, the heavy-duty bearing alloy of Babbitt metal, aluminum base alloy and copper base alloy.

The second, provide a kind of and can get rid of the preceding complex process technology of Babbitt metal cast fully, can guarantee the pouring technology design of the simple and feasible of bearing metal and bearing box hat mortise again.

Bare bones of the present invention is: 1. according to the mix proportion scheme of a kind of bearing metal novel material based on aluminium, zinc, silicon, manganese and rare earth alloy of the principle of design of antifriction metal design.In this scheme, aluminium, zinc are fundamental element, can form rich aluminium phase of softer sosoloid and Fu Xinxiang in alloy, and formed Si phase of silicon and the formed CuZn of copper ₃Electron compound all is harder particle, in alloy, play supporting and self-lubricating, magnesium, manganese and rare earth alloy etc. can improve intensity, toughness, wear resistance and the solidity to corrosion of alloy significantly, thereby when making this alloy be used to make bearing, both owing to possess the weave construction characteristics of soft matrix stiffened particle, and property and self lubricity are hidden in the embedding that can improve bearing; Has higher fatigue resistance owing to intensity and the higher alloy that makes of toughness again.2. the characteristics such as high strength, high rigidity and high linear shrinkage of utilizing bearing alloy material provided by the invention to have adopt the method for directly cast that bearing metal is poured in the bearing box hat, can make alloy and firm being combined into one of bearing box hat.

Specific embodiments of the present invention is as follows:

1.Al-Zn-Si-Mn-RE the composition of bearing metal as shown in Table 1

Composition

Al

Zn

Si

Cu

Mn

Mg

RE

Sb

Pb

Ti

%

40 ～ 70

20 ～ 40

3.0 ～ 20

1.0 ～ 10

2.0 ～ 12

0.01 ～ 0.02

0.02 ～ 1.0

0.5 ～ 4.0

0.1 ～ 2.0

0.02 ～ 1.0

Al in the table, Zn, Si, Cu, Mn, Mg and RE are necessary compositions, Sb, Pb, Ti, are to select composition; The optimum value of these compositions is: Al40～50%, Zn30～40%, Si3～8%, Cu1～5%, Mn3～6%, Mg0.05～0.1%, RE0.2～0.3%.

2.Al-Zn-Si-Mn-RE the melting technology of bearing metal:

(1) raw material is selected for use and is prepared: for guaranteeing the quality of alloy, must adopt the higher starting material of purity, wherein:

Al: adopt aluminium ingot more than No. 3.

Zn: adopt Zn-1, Zn-2, Zn-3.

Si: adopt the Al-Si master alloy.

Mn: adopt Al-Mn master alloy or manganese metal.

Cu: adopt Al-Cu master alloy or Cu-1, Cu-2, Cu-3.

Mg: adopt Al-Mg master alloy or Mg-1, Mg-2, Mg-3.

Ti: adopt the Al-Ti master alloy.

Sb: adopt Al-Sb master alloy or metallic antimony.

RE: adopt the Al-RE master alloy.

All raw material all should be removed greasy dirt and foul, and according to the situation of melting equipment, makes 30～400m/m, can go into stove after giving the heat oven dry.

(2) batching before the melting: require to carry out charge calculation according to alloying constituent, add certain scaling loss amount (type of visual fusion stove and decide, generally 5～10%).

(3) smelting furnace type: electric arc furnace, induction furnace, resistance furnace, crucible oven, gas furnace, oil oven, coke-fired furnace all can carry out melting.

(4) melting technology: smelting temperature is 700～750 ℃.The furnace bottom of earlier the infusibility material being packed into reinstalls aluminium ingot, zinc ingot metal.Other alloy material is fusion to add after clear more in batches, heavy whenever add a collection of after, fusion add again after clear a collection of; What proportion was little is pressed into bell jar, all moltenly adds refining agent after clear, thoroughly stirs, skims, adds topped dose, pours into a mould then.

(5) pouring technology: adopt the directly method of cast, promptly before cast, be processed into dovetail-indent on the internal surface with the bearing box hat earlier, the shape of dovetail-indent can be spirrillum (as shown in Figure 1); Also can be crisscross shape (shown in vertical view a and side-view b among Fig. 2), then clean with flame baking the oil stain in box hat internal surface and the dovetail-indent, directly pour in the box hat the more qualified alloy liquid of melting, because the characteristics of the high linear shrinkage of bearing metal, make alloy liquid solidify the back and form a firm rigid body with the bearing box hat, (1) as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 a is bearing metal, and (2) are the bearing box hats.

Advantage of the present invention is:

The first, Al-Zn-Si-Mn-RE bearing metal provided by the invention. Except organic cooperation of having created four main elements of Al-Zn-Si-Mn. Also owing to added rare earth alloy, thereby changed significantly microscopic structure and the mechanical performance of alloy, made it have light weight, the characteristics such as high-strength, wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, stainless. The comparable tin-base babbit of price reduces more than 70%, reduce more than 40% than tin bronze alloys, particularly this alloy material had both had the matrix of the desired heterogeneous structure of bearing metal, have again than babbit and the better mechanical performance of other bearing metal, (for details see attached table two contrast situation). Thereby can bear higher specific pressure and can in order to make integral bearing, be than bar than babbit, aluminium and acid bronze alloy

Table two

Family name's alloy and pot metal, even more ideal low speed, the heavy-duty bearing alloy material of high WU aluminium alloy.

Second, the direct pouring technology of Al-Zn-Si-Mn-RE bearing metal provided by the invention, piece together fully and abandoned the preceding complex process that box hat was cleaned and hung WU of existing WU base bearing alloy cast, owing to adopted direct pouring technology, after the cast cooling, effect because of the high linear shrinkage of bearing metal of the present invention, interior bearing metal of crisscross shape of injection or spirrillum dovetail-indent and bearing box hat are closely cooperated securely become a rigid body, thereby whole bearing metal closely is engaged in the dovetail-indent of bearing box hat, thus this processing method to have technology simple, easy to operate, in conjunction with firm, the advantage that low cost of manufacture etc. are remarkable.Prove through life-time service, do not occur as Babbitt metal because of hanging the phenomenon that defective alloy that occurs of WU processing quality and box hat are thrown off.

The 3rd, the direct pouring technology of bearing alloy material provided by the invention and this material is complementary, can replace Babbitt metal and WU bell metal and existing other bearing metal, in order to abrasion-proof structures such as the low speed of heavy-duty machineries such as making metallurgy, mine, build, repair the roads, heavy-duty bearing, axle sleeve, worm gears, thereby significantly improve the machine operation quality, prolong the work-ing life of bearing.

Bearing metal of the present invention and direct pouring technology thereof are successively tried out in following several examples:

1. replace Babbitt metal make Binzhou, Shandong Province Steel Mill 350 hot rollss to tooth case bearing shell from October, 1985 (in April, 1986) so far, still, respond well continuing normal the use.

2. replace WU bronze ZQSn6-6-3 to make the punch press speed bar bearing shell that highly dense forging press factory, Shandong Province produces, from March, 1985 (in April, 1986) so far, still, respond well continuing normal the use.

3. replace WU bronze ZQSn6-6-3 to make the wild ox board multipurpose loader axle sleeve that Shandong Province water conservancy machinery factory produces, from October, 1985 (in April, 1986) so far, still, respond well continuing normal the use.

4. replace WU bronze ZQSn6-6-3 to make building machinery reduction box worm gear, from December, 1985 (in April, 1986) so far, still, respond well continuing normal the use.

Claims

1, a kind of bearing metal of forming by multiple non-ferrous metal, the neccessary composition that it is characterized in that described multiple non-ferrous metal is: Al40～70%, Zn20～40%, Si3～20%, Cu1～10%, Mn2～12%, Mg0.01～0.2%, RE0.02～1.0%, selection component is: Sb0.5～4%, Pb0.1～2%, Ti0.02%～1.0%.

2, a kind of pouring procedure that bearing metal and bearing box hat are poured into an integrated entity is characterized in that described pouring procedure is to adopt direct pouring technology.

3,, it is characterized in that described direct pouring technology is before cast, is processed into earlier a kind of dovetail-indent of filling bearing metal on the internal surface of bearing box hat according to the described pouring procedure of claim 2.