CN103436756A - Highly wear-resisting axle-hang free aluminum base alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Highly wear-resisting axle-hang free aluminum base alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 Zinc Silicon Copper Manganese Chromium Rhenium Boron Magnesium Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000784728 Lycaena virgaureae Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DBRHOLYIDDOQSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;lead Chemical compound [AlH3].[Pb] DBRHOLYIDDOQSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-IGMARMGPSA-N aluminium-27 atom Chemical compound [27Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum base alloy which comprises the following components in percent by weight: 38-40% of zinc, 0.5-5% of silicon, 3.0-5% of copper, 0.5-1% of manganese, 0.3-0.5% of chromium, 1.2-1.8% of rhenium, 1-1.5% of boron, 0.038-0.048% of magnesium, 0.015-0.02% of titanium and the balance of aluminum. The invention further discloses a preparation method thereof. The aluminum base alloy disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high wear resistance, no axle-hang, low expansion rate, self-lubrication, anti-occluding function and high work temperature, and the low expansion rate of the alloy is realized, so that the aluminum base alloy is suitable for manufacturing various precise friction pair parts of mechanical equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of light alloy and preparation method thereof, particularly a kind of high abrasion seize aluminum base alloy and preparation method thereof not.
Background technology
Copper, oil, gas are the strategic resources of a country, the guarantee of national security.China's copper resource reserve relatively rareness and quality low, and Year's consumption is only second to the U.S., need spend a large amount of foreign exchange import copper materials every year, simultaneously gunmetal founding time length, big energy-consuming, price are high, particularly in Chemical Composition, be rich in the hypertoxic harmful elements such as lead, phosphorus, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, fusion-casting process causes severe contamination to surrounding enviroment.But, China's bauxite resource is relatively rich, there is the aluminium ingot Export resource of some amount to exchange every year, be badly in need of according to China's actual conditions that research and development are a kind of rationally utilizes national resource to improve added value with aluminium for the high-abrasive material of copper, energy-conserving and environment-protective, replace traditional industry upgrading to regenerate, realize sustainable scientific development.
Before World War II, Germany is due to scarce copper, and the zinc base alloy of having researched and developed containing aluminium 10wt%～13wt% replaces bronze to prepare bearing shell.So far, the upgraded product of traditional copper tin alloy being is all is being researched and developed unexpectedly mutually in countries in the world in World War II.Early sixties, the U.S., Canada have researched and developed ZA8, ZA11, ZA27 zinc base alloy.Wherein the zinc base alloy intensity containing aluminium 27wt% is high, plasticity good, is adapted to especially the sand mold gravitational casting; Researched and developed subsequently containing aluminium 12wt%, contained the zinc base alloy of aluminium 27%--35wt%, but all be limited to the component such as the general low side quality of fit bearing shell of preparation, nut; Studying carefully its fatal shortcoming is that working temperature is low, is limited to and is up to 120 ℃; Thermal expansivity is up to 28 * 10
-6, easily seize, be limited to the component that preparation is worked under middle and slow speed of revolution, middle heavy duty, middle worst cold case, can not, as preparing precision parts, seriously restrict above-mentioned alloy use range and form as a difficult problem.
Aluminum base alloy is owing to adding in a large number aluminium element, makes alloy have that density is little, supporting capacity is large, fatigue resistance is high, thermal conductivity is good, have wear resistance and corrosion resistance preferably.In recent ten years, aluminium lead, aluminum bronze, aluminium nickel, 20 high tin, high silica/aluminum-based alloy etc. are come out one after another.But, in operation process, still easily produce with axle " kill ", " seize " accident, manufacture to meeting that precision is high, still there are an above difficult problem in the component under abrasion resistant and corrosion resistant, bad working environments.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome existing above-mentioned deficiency in prior art, not seize aluminum base alloy and preparation method thereof of a kind of high abrasion is provided, alloy in the present invention is prepared into accurate axle sleeve, being contained in test run(s) on fine boring machine shows: have high strength, low friction yarn number, high abrasion, low thermal expansion, self-lubricating, bite-resistant function, the advantage that working temperature is high, density is little.Realized under the bad working environments of military-civil field, every profession and trade, the secondary component of various mechanical means precision friction are seize not, long service life, and cost performance is high, the purpose that replaces traditional industry upgrading to regenerate.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of aluminum base alloy, the percentage composition meter, comprise following composition: zinc 38%～40%, silicon 0.5%～5% by weight, copper 3.0%～5%, manganese 0.5%～1%, chromium 0.3%～0.5%, rhenium 1.2%～1.8%, boron 1%～1.5%, magnesium 0.038%～0.048%, titanium 0.015%～0.02%, surplus is aluminium.
Further, above-mentioned alloy, also comprise the molybdenum 0.03%～0.05% of weight percent.
Further, above-mentioned alloy, also comprise the zirconium 0.15%～0.2% of weight percent.
Further, above-mentioned alloy, also comprise the strontium 0.15%～0.2% of weight percent.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) by various raw materials, instrument, mould is dried.
(2) by the aluminium ingot, the master alloy that measure, 720～860 ℃ of fusings, stir after fusing fully, add additive, until completely melted, stir, add all the other furnace charges, after all melting, stir, prevent that alloying element from producing deviation, obtain temperature and control 720 ℃～750 ℃ aluminium alloys.
(3) pour into a mould to obtain alloy blank.
Further, also comprise step (4) alloy blank temper.Tempering temperature is preferably 100 ℃～320 ℃, treatment time 3～18h.
Further, described master alloy comprises copper-aluminium master alloy, the sial master alloy.
Described copper-aluminium master alloy, the percentage meter contains by weight: 1%～50% bronze medal, 50%～99% aluminium.The fusing point of copper is up to 1083 ℃, the copper-aluminium master alloy solution fusing point of copper own high, the problem that is difficult for fusing into other raw material.
Described sial master alloy, the percentage meter contains by weight: 1%～40% silicon, 1%～62% aluminium.The fusing point of silicon, up to 1410 ℃, is made the temperature of fusion that master alloy can effectively reduce element silicon in raw material, and the sial master alloy has good mobility, low hot tearing tendency.
Further, prepared by described copper-aluminium master alloy by the following method: in middle frequency furnace or natural gas stove, be heated to 730～860 ℃ the A00# aluminium ingot is melted.Then, by 3～5kg/ time, add 1# electrolysis copper coin and heat up gradually, stirring, copper is all melted.After copper all adds, temperature reaches 1250～1350 ℃, and melting 2～4h pours into the copper-aluminium master alloy piece of 1.5～2.5kg/ piece, obtains copper-aluminium master alloy.The fusing point of copper, up to 1083 ℃, is made into copper-aluminium master alloy, has reduced fusing point, is conducive to the founding of step (2) and the composite refining of step (3).
Further, prepared by described sial master alloy by the following method: in middle frequency furnace or natural gas stove, be heated to 730～860 ℃ the A00# aluminium ingot is melted.Then, by 3～5kg/ time, add Pure Silicon Metal, and heat up gradually, stir, silicon is all melted.After Pure Silicon Metal all adds, temperature reaches 1350～1450 ℃, and melting 2～4h pours into the sial master alloy piece of 0.5～1kg/ piece, obtains the sial master alloy.The fusing point of silicon, up to 1410～1414 ℃, is made into the sial master alloy, has reduced fusing point, is conducive to the founding of step (2) and the composite refining of step (3).
Alloy composition content of the present invention, preparation technology's temperature are relatively low, and rate of cooling is fast, cause the alloy density high, produces the casting internal stress large, must eliminate internal stress through Overheating Treatment.Alloy in the present invention, for the preparation of the precision-fit friction pair, must be heat-treated after blank roughing, and the elimination machine adds internal stress, and geometrical dimension stability is higher.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention: the various component consumptions of the selected design of the present invention, prepare extraordinary aluminum base alloy, microstructure shows that the dendrite interval of as-cast structure in aluminum base alloy and composition segregation obviously reduce, and alloy grain obtains obvious refinement, has increased substantially the alloy structure density, and formed uniform wear-resisting hard point, significantly improve the alloy wear-resisting antifriction quality, there is good bite-resistant performance, than gunmetal, increased the service life 3～5 times.Aluminium alloy of the present invention has good mobility, castibility, and can automatically discharge hydrogen/hydrogen atom, reduces casting flaw and improves alloy high-temp intensity and toughness.The aluminium alloy that after tested prepared by the present invention, before tensile strength is greater than the 520Mpa(tempering), after the tempering aftertreatment, tensile strength is greater than 488Mpa, alloy thermal expansivity, conformability, self lubricity and bite-resistant function have significantly been reduced, thermal expansivity (in 20 ℃～100 ℃ scopes), mean value is 20.1 * 10
-6, improved significantly the alloy dimensional stability; Self lubricity, solidity to corrosion and the bite-resistant function of alloy have been improved.Even under the bad working environments of 160～200 ℃, still seize not, be applicable to prepare the accurate wear resistant friction reducing component of various machinery.
Preparation method in the present invention is simple, the alloy formula uniqueness, and chemical composition does not contain poisonous objectionable impurities, the founding uniqueness, the founding time is short, and energy consumption reduces by 40% than casting copper alloys, and energy conservation and environmental protection benefit is remarkable.
Embodiment
Per-cent not specified in the present invention is weight percentage.Described " master alloy " refers to some high-melting-point simple substance and low melting point metal element melted to the alloy be prepared into.General all by one or both refractory metal elements synthetic alloy master alloy.Purpose is that to be convenient to charge calculation accurate; Be convenient to by first add high-melting-point, after add the procedure operation of stove low melting point, solve the problems such as the easy scaling loss of low melting point alloy element, high-melting point alloy element infusibility enter.As two kinds of master alloys using in the present invention: copper-aluminium master alloy and sial master alloy.The instrument of using in the present invention mainly refers to the instrument that molten alloy is required, mainly comprises clamp, large casting ladle, pony ladle, strockle, little spoon, skim spoon, bell jar, mould, metal die etc.Described " A00# aluminium ingot ", " A00# aluminium " are commercially available standard aluminium, and the aluminium of 99.7% purity is " standard aluminum " on London market, also can adopt the aluminium of other purity, after certain refining, uses.The electrolytic copper material that described " 1# electrolysis copper coin ", " 1# electrolytic copper ", " 1# copper " are copper content >=99.95%.Also can adopt the copper material of other purity, use after certain refining.
Below in conjunction with test example and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment, all technology realized based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high abrasion is the seize alloy not, and following weight percent composition is made: zinc 39, and silicon 2.5, copper 4.2, manganese 0.75, chromium 0.42, rhenium 1.6, boron 1.2, magnesium 0.043, titanium 0.018, surplus is aluminium.
Embodiment 2
Prepare copper-aluminium master alloy.300kg A00# aluminium ingot is placed in the natural gas stove, is heated to 800 ℃ aluminium ingot is all dissolved, then by 3～5KG/ time, 150kg1# electrolysis copper coin is added in stove gradually, all fully stir after adding, until copper coin all melts at every turn, add again copper coin next time, while, the temperature that raises gradually, finally reached 1300 ℃ along with copper coin adds, continue melting 3 hours, complete melting, be poured into mould, obtain the copper-aluminium master alloy of 2 kilograms/piece.
Embodiment 3
Prepare the sial master alloy.300kg A00# aluminium ingot is placed in the natural gas stove, be heated to 730 ℃ aluminium ingot is all dissolved, then by 3～5KG/ time, the 150kg Pure Silicon Metal is added in stove gradually, all fully stir after adding at every turn, until Pure Silicon Metal all melts, then add Pure Silicon Metal next time.While, the temperature that raises gradually, finally reached 1430 ℃ along with Pure Silicon Metal adds, and continues melting 1 hour, completes melting, is poured into mould, obtains the sial master alloy of 1.5 kilograms/piece.
Embodiment 4
High abrasion described in Preparation Example 1 is the seize alloy not.Calculate feeding by total amount 500kg, and raw material and instrument are put into to oven, within 2 hours, dry moisture content in 300 ℃ of thermostatically heating, to prevent in fusion process the accident of blasting.First aluminium ingot and master alloy are put into to middle frequency furnace, be heated to 820 ℃ of fusings, stir after fusing fully, add additive, until completely melted, stir, add other various metallic elements, after all melting, continue to stir refining, prevent that alloying element from producing deviation, obtain temperature and control 720 ℃～750 ℃ refined alloy liquid.This refined alloy liquid is poured into to the cold mold cools down moulding of extraordinary Quench compounding, and the demoulding, obtain alloy blank, i.e. high abrasion seize aluminum base alloy not.
Described additive is commercially available aluminum refining agent (can also add aluminium alloy covering agent, aluminium alloy slagging agent, aluminium alloy slag-cleaning agent), and concrete brand is unrestricted.The aluminum refining agent major ingredient is organic compound, adds rear decomposes to go out N
2and CO
2gas.Utilize main component NaNO wherein
3, chemical reaction does not occur in graphite, and at high temperature self heat energy generates the gas N that is not fused to aluminum alloy melt
2, CO
2, NO etc. have come refining purification, slagging-off effect.
Embodiment 5
Thermal treatment.Alloy blank by obtaining in embodiment 4, frame up, and hangs in heat treatment furnace, heats 100 ℃～320 ℃, constant temperature 6～18 hours.Then with stove, naturally cool to room temperature, guarantee to eliminate the casting internal stress, but obtain the mechanical workout alloy preform.
Embodiment 6～14
High abrasion is the seize alloy not, and its weight percent composition is as shown in table 1, and surplus is aluminium, with reference to being prepared according to the described method of embodiment 2～4:
Table 1 alloying constituent weight percent (wt%)
| Embodiment | Zinc | Silicon | Copper | Manganese | Chromium | Rhenium | Boron | Magnesium | Titanium | Molybdenum | Zirconium | Strontium |
| 6 | 38 | 0.5 | 4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.044 | 0.016 | - | - | - |
| 7 | 40 | 5 | 3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.04 | 0.018 | - | - | - |
| 8 | 39 | 3 | 5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.042 | 0.02 | - | - | - |
| 9 | 38 | 4 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.038 | 0.015 | 0.04 | - | - |
| 10 | 39 | 3 | 3.8 | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.048 | 0.017 | 0.03 | 0.15 | - |
| 11 | 40 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.045 | 0.016 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| 12 | 39 | 3 | 3.8 | 1 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.048 | 0.017 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 13* | 39 | 3 | 5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.05 | 0.02 | - | - | - |
| 14* | 38 | 4 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 1.3 | 0.042 | 0.017 | - | - | - |
* wherein the aluminum base alloy of embodiment 13 preparations easily causes the alloy explosion in casting process, is difficult to obtain qualified alloy block.
All aluminum base alloys, before cast, must be dried stokehold instrument, mould, furnace charge moisture content, and the alloy explosion hazard occurs in use or casting process in prevention, guarantees to control the ratio of synthetic ingredient, accomplishes to ensure safety in production.
By the performance of relevant national standard method beta alloy, test result is as table 2, shown in table 3.
Table 2 alloy performance test data 1
The embodiment of the present invention 1 as can be seen from Table 2, aluminum base alloy prepared by 6-14 has high tensile strength, extremely low frictional coefficient, and coefficient of linear expansion is low, density is little, is applicable to prepare the high-performance light wear resistant friction reducing component of every profession and trade, various large, medium and small precision machine tool, various mechanical means, metallurgical steel rolling equipment, steam turbine, worm reduction gear, hydroelectric facility and military project weapons, naval vessel industry.
Table 3 embodiment aluminum base alloy is compared the wear resisting property simultaneous test with casting copper alloys
As can be seen from Table 3, under the condition of load 100N, the aluminum base alloy in the present invention is than copper alloy ZnCuSn
10pb
5increase the service life and be about 1.5 times; Under the condition of load 400N, the aluminum base alloy in the present invention is than copper alloy ZnCuSn
10pb
5increase the service life and be about 4.8 times.Illustrate that aluminum base alloy of the present invention has good wear resistant friction reducing performance.
Claims (11)
1. an aluminum base alloy, is characterized in that, by weight the percentage composition meter, comprise following composition: zinc 38%～40%, silicon 0.5%～5%, copper 3.0%～5%, manganese 0.5%～1%, chromium 0.3%～0.5%, rhenium 1.2%～1.8%, boron 1%～1.5%, magnesium 0.038%～0.048%, titanium 0.015%～0.02%, surplus is aluminium.
2. alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises the molybdenum 0.03%～0.05% of weight percent.
3. according to the described alloy of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise the zirconium 0.15%～0.2% of weight percent.
4. according to the described alloy of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise the strontium 0.15%～0.2% of weight percent.
5. alloy according to claim 3, is characterized in that, also comprises the strontium 0.15%～0.2% of weight percent.
6. as described in as arbitrary as claim 1～5, the preparation method of alloy, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) by raw material, instrument, mould is dried;
(2) by the aluminium ingot, the master alloy that measure, 720～860 ℃ of fusings, stir after fusing fully, add additive, until completely melted, stir, add all the other furnace charges, after all melting, stir, prevent that alloying element from producing deviation, obtain temperature and control 720 ℃～750 ℃ aluminium alloys;
(3) pour into a mould to obtain alloy blank.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, also comprises step (4) alloy blank temper.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, tempering temperature is 100 ℃～320 ℃, treatment time 3～18h.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described master alloy comprises copper-aluminium master alloy and/or sial master alloy.
10. preparation method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, prepared by the following method by described copper-aluminium master alloy: in middle frequency furnace or natural gas stove, be heated to 730～860 ℃ the A00# aluminium ingot is melted; Then, by 3～5kg/ time, add 1# electrolysis copper coin and heat up gradually, stirring, copper is all melted; After copper all adds, temperature reaches 1250～1350 ℃, and melting 2～4h pours into the copper-aluminium master alloy piece of 1.5～2.5kg/ piece, obtains copper-aluminium master alloy.
11. the preparation method, is characterized in that as claimed in claim 9, prepared by described sial master alloy by the following method: in middle frequency furnace or natural gas stove, be heated to 730～860 ℃ the A00# aluminium ingot is melted; Then, by 3～5kg/ time, add silicon, and heat up gradually, stir, silicon is all melted; After silicon all adds, temperature reaches 1350～1450 ℃, and melting 2～4h pours into the sial master alloy piece of 0.5～1kg/ piece, obtains the sial master alloy.
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