CN86101356A - 开关电源 - Google Patents

开关电源 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN86101356A
CN86101356A CN198686101356A CN86101356A CN86101356A CN 86101356 A CN86101356 A CN 86101356A CN 198686101356 A CN198686101356 A CN 198686101356A CN 86101356 A CN86101356 A CN 86101356A CN 86101356 A CN86101356 A CN 86101356A
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China
Prior art keywords
power supply
transformer
transistor
elementary winding
transistorized
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Withdrawn
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CN198686101356A
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English (en)
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CN1003068B (zh
Inventor
吉尔伯特·A·霍夫曼
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Tektronix Inc
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Tektronix Inc
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Publication of CN86101356A publication Critical patent/CN86101356A/zh
Publication of CN1003068B publication Critical patent/CN1003068B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/081Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0812Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
    • H03K17/08126Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit in bipolar transitor switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/601Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors using transformer coupling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一个开关电源,该电源包括一个基极驱动变压器、一个连接于变压器的初级绕组的一端的开关装置、及一个晶体管,该晶体管的基极连接于次级绕组的其中一端,而它的发射极连接于次级绕组的另一端,此外又包括一个连接于变压器的一个线圈两端的依赖于电流的电压钳位器。钳位电路防止了加在初级绕组的电压超越一个预先设定的数值—只要当开关装置打开时,通过初级绕组的磁化电流没有超出一个预先设定的数值。

Description

本发明系关于一个开关电源。
图1显示了一种以前被提出的开关电源,该电源包括一个变压器(2),它的初级绕组(4)与一个介乎直流电压电源的两个终端之间的晶体管(6)的集电极一发射极路径串联连接,它的次级绕组(8)经整流器(10)及低通滤波器(12)与负荷(14)连接。举例说,这个负荷可以是一个实验室仪器的电源母线。一般技术人员都明白当接通晶体管(6)时,电流就在初级绕组(4)产生,当关掉晶体管(6)时,电流就传至次级绕组(8),并在那里衰减。在变压器(2)的次级绕组(8)流着的电流被整流及滤波并被加于负荷(14)上。
一个由变压器(16)、晶体管(18)、齐纳二极管(20)及脉冲发生器(22)组成的基极驱动电路可以开关晶体管(6)。典型地,变压器(16)的初级绕组(24)系连接于一个+12伏特的直流电源。脉冲发生器(22)产生序列形式的脉冲,这些脉冲具有一个一般约为30千赫的重覆频率。这个脉冲序列的占空因数由连接于变压器(2)的负荷对电力的需求而变化。典型地,这个占空因数可由10%至50%。当晶体管(18)由来自发生器(22)的脉冲接通时,电流通过变压器(16)的初级绕组(24),一个相应的电流被感应于次级绕组(26),从而向晶体管(6)提供了正向基极电流及将晶体管(6)导通,并在晶体管(6)的基极发射极区域内累积电荷。这个正向基极电流被电阻(28)所限制。在晶体管(18)导通的时间内,磁化电流在变压器(16)的初级绕组(24)内累积起来。
当正向基极电流流过次级绕组(26)时,电容器(30)被图1所显示那样地充电,因而当电流停止通过初级绕组(24)时,晶体管(6)的基极被维持负电,因此使得晶体管(6)被断开。二极管(32)将跨越电容器(30)的电势降限制于一个二极管压降(大约0.6伏特)。
当晶体管(18)被关掉时,在晶体管(18)的集电极的电压将稍为上升,比方说至13伏特,而以前在变压器(16)的初级绕组(24)内流着的磁化电流被作为逆基极电流而传到次级绕组(26),并驱动晶体管(6)的基极一发射极区域的带电载流子。这个逆基极电流与初级绕组内的磁化电流成正比。当晶体管(6)无法继续支持一个逆基极电流时(它的基极发射极区域的带电载流子被耗尽而关掉),电流停止通过次级绕组(26)。在此时,磁化电流又传送到初级绕组(24),晶体管(18)的集电极的电压又上升至齐纳二极管(20)的阈值,譬如30伏特。在次级绕组(24)两端的大电位差使得变压器铁心快速去磁。
这一串事件以发生器(22)的工作频率每周期发生一次。
如上所述,这个逆基极电流与通过初级绕组(24)的磁化电流成正比。这个磁化电流与晶体管(18)开着的时间长短成正比(工作循环)。
这个逆基极电流依赖于工作循环,而因为工作循环随输入电压及输出负荷条件而变化,逆基极电流可大幅度变化。这意味着晶体管(6)在一定线路及负荷条件下可能消耗比必要要多的电力。
本发明提供一个开关电源,该电源包括一个具有一初级绕组、一次级绕组及一磁性材料芯的基极驱动变压器、一个连接于初级绕组一端的开关装置,及一个晶体管,该晶体管的基极连接于次级绕组的其中一端而它的发射极连接于次级绕组的另一端,以使得当这个初级绕组及开关装置被连接于一直流电源之间及开关装置被间歇地接通之时,晶体管内形成集电极电流。这个电源又包括一个连接于变压器线圈两端的依赖于电流的电压钳位器以防止变压器线圈两端的电压超越一个予先设定的极限一只要当开关装置打开时那个通过初级绕组的磁化电流没有超出一个予先设定的数值。
按照本发明一个最佳实施例,这个依赖于电流的电压钳位器的效果在于减少由逆基极电流工作循环产生的变化,因而减少消耗于晶体管内的电力。
为着更好地了解本发明,及显示出本发明如何发生作用,现在将援引下面的附图作为例子加以说明:
图1以图解方式说明一个传统的开关电源,及
图2以图解方式说明一个体现本发明的开关电源。
图2的开关电源与图1的开关电源不同之处在于在变压器(16)的初级绕组(24)的两端接有一个依赖于电流的电压钳位器(34)。当晶体管(18)被开着时,二极管(36)被反偏压,因而钳位器不影响基极驱动回路的工作。但是当晶体管(18)被关掉,而在其集电极的电压上升时,二极管(36)被正向偏压因此可以传导电流。
当流过钳位器(34)的电流小于一个予先设定的最大值之时,这个钳位器防止了加在变压器(16)的初级绕组的电压超越一个予先设定的数值。所以当流经钳位器的电流小时,加在初级绕组的电压维持于一个低的数值。由这样限制加在初级绕组的电压,在晶体管(18)再次被开着之前,磁化电流不可能减少至零,从而变压器铁心内的磁通量不可能减少至零。
因为初级绕组内的磁化电流不减少至零,变压器铁心内的磁通量会在接连的周期里累积,一个周期的磁化电流会增强来自以前一些周期的磁化电流,直至所要求的最大值被达到。在此时加在钳位器上的电压就会上升而铁心内的磁通量会减少。因而磁化电流不会无限度地增加。
只要变压器(16)的初级绕组的电感大,次级绕组(26)内的逆基极电流即使在脉冲发生器(16)有大的工作循环之时亦只可能比依赖于电流的电压钳位器所设定的数值增加少许。因而在所有负载及线路条件下,这个逆基极电流可以维持于一个接近不变的数值。
这个依赖于电流的钳位器(34)以下述方式限制了加在变压器(16)的初级绕组(24)的电压:当磁化电流通过初级绕组时,电阻器(38)提供一基极电流予晶体管(40),引致晶体管(40)导通。由晶体管(40)传导的电流将加在初级绕组的电压维持于一个小数值。如果由晶体管(40)传导的电流变得过量,加在电阻器(42)上的电压的下降使得晶体管(44)导通,由此关掉晶体管(40)及使得加在初级绕组(24)的电压上升。
可以理解到本发明并不局限于已在附图2显示及根据此图描述的具体电源,而且可以在不超出所附权利要求及其相等要求所定义的发明范围下作出该电源的变化。比方说,公共的钳位电路(34)的使用-该电路包括二极管(36)、电阻器(38)及(42)、及晶体管(40)和(44),只是施行所需求的限制加上变压器(16)的初级绕组的电压而不至于容许磁化电流无限增加的这个作用的其中一个可能方式。再者,因为加在变压器线圈的电压及通过此线圈的电流彼此成正比,可以设计一个接在次级绕组的或一个特别的第三绕组的而不是接在初级绕组上的依赖于电流的电压钳位器。

Claims (3)

1、一个开关电源,这个电源包括一个具有一初级绕组的、一个次级绕组及一个磁性物质的芯的基极驱动变压器、一个连接于初级绕组的其中一端的开关装置、及一个晶体管,该晶体管的基极连接于次级绕组的其中一端,而它的发射极连接于次级绕组的另一端,使得当这个初级绕组及开关装置被连接于一直流电压电源之间及开关装置被间歇地接通之时,晶体管内形成集电极电流;其特征在于,这个电源又包括一个连接于变压器线圈两端的依赖于电流的电压钳位器以防止加在变压器线圈上的电压超越一个予先设定的极限一只要当开关装置打开时,通过初级绕组的磁化电流没有超出一个予先设定的数值。
2、根据权利要求1的一个电源,其特征在于,在这个电源里,依赖于电流的电压钳位器被并联地连接于变压器的初级绕组。
3、根据权利要求1的一个电源,其特征在于,在这个电源里被提及的依赖于电流的电压钳位器包括一个二极管、一个有两个终端的网络,该网络包含各自有一个基极、一个集电极及一个发射极的第一及第二晶体管,第一个晶体管的集电极连接于这个网络的其中一个终端,而第二个晶体管的发射极连接于网络的另一个终端,第一个晶体管的基极连接于第二个晶体管的集电极而第一个晶体管的发射极连接于第二个晶体管的基极,这个网络又包括一个连接于第一个晶体管的基极及集电极之间的第一个电阻器及一个连接于第二个晶体管的基极及发射极之间的第二个电阻器,这个网络的其中一终端通过上述二极管连接于变压器的一个线圈的其中一端,而网络的另一终端连接于上述一个线圈的另外一端。
CN86101356A 1985-03-05 1986-03-04 开关电源 Expired CN1003068B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/708,603 US4609980A (en) 1985-03-05 1985-03-05 Switching power supply with transistor drive circuit
US708,603 1991-05-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN86101356A true CN86101356A (zh) 1986-09-24
CN1003068B CN1003068B (zh) 1989-01-11

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CN86101356A Expired CN1003068B (zh) 1985-03-05 1986-03-04 开关电源

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US (1) US4609980A (zh)
EP (1) EP0194075B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS627368A (zh)
CN (1) CN1003068B (zh)
AU (1) AU559900B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA1270298A (zh)
DE (1) DE3681746D1 (zh)
DK (1) DK165350C (zh)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3726149A1 (de) * 1987-08-06 1989-02-16 Hirschmann Radiotechnik Schaltende leistungsendstufe
US4950918A (en) * 1988-12-07 1990-08-21 Emerson Electric Co. Isolated control circuit for alternating current switches
US4961006A (en) * 1989-06-22 1990-10-02 Motorola, Inc. Inductively loaded switching transistor circuit
GB9116616D0 (en) * 1991-08-01 1991-09-18 Thomson Consumer Electronics Switched mode power supply with startup precharge
GB9206012D0 (en) * 1992-03-19 1992-04-29 Astec Int Ltd Mosfet gate drive circuit
NL9400394A (nl) * 1994-03-14 1995-10-02 Robert Gerard Dugour Schakeling.
US5559683A (en) * 1994-09-30 1996-09-24 Apple Computer, Inc. Flyback switching power supply with bootstrapped gate drive
DE19581548B9 (de) * 1995-02-03 2008-11-06 Denso Corp., Kariya-shi Kraftstoffzuführsystem

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3505534A (en) * 1966-06-15 1970-04-07 Us Army Transistor circuit having d.c. isolated output transistor
US3769572A (en) * 1971-01-18 1973-10-30 California Inst Of Techn Two terminal current limiter
JPS5728A (en) * 1980-05-28 1982-01-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Power source for electronic equipment
JPS5825719A (ja) * 1981-08-07 1983-02-16 Fanuc Ltd スイツチングトランジスタのドライブ回路
JPS58175977A (ja) * 1982-04-07 1983-10-15 Fujitsu Ltd インバ−タ回路
US4447741A (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-05-08 Northern Telecom Limited Base drive circuit for power transistors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0194075A2 (en) 1986-09-10
EP0194075A3 (en) 1988-01-07
JPS627368A (ja) 1987-01-14
US4609980A (en) 1986-09-02
DK165350B (da) 1992-11-09
CN1003068B (zh) 1989-01-11
AU559900B2 (en) 1987-03-26
CA1270298A (en) 1990-06-12
DK165350C (da) 1993-03-29
DK98686A (da) 1986-09-06
DE3681746D1 (de) 1991-11-07
AU5385586A (en) 1986-09-11
EP0194075B1 (en) 1991-10-02
DK98686D0 (da) 1986-03-04

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