CN85106786B - O-ray tubes - Google Patents

O-ray tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN85106786B
CN85106786B CN85106786A CN85106786A CN85106786B CN 85106786 B CN85106786 B CN 85106786B CN 85106786 A CN85106786 A CN 85106786A CN 85106786 A CN85106786 A CN 85106786A CN 85106786 B CN85106786 B CN 85106786B
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China
Prior art keywords
filament
ring flange
shell
axis
removable ring
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Expired
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CN85106786A
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CN85106786A (en
Inventor
尾崎秀道
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Priority to CN85106786A priority Critical patent/CN85106786B/en
Publication of CN85106786A publication Critical patent/CN85106786A/en
Publication of CN85106786B publication Critical patent/CN85106786B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The present invention relates to an X-ray tube which comprises an exhausted casing. Both ends of the casing, which are mutually faced, are respectively provided with a cathode component and an anode component, wherein the cathode component is provided with a helical filament which can be used for emitting an electron beam which has a radiating beam shaft line; one end of the helical filament is positioned on the place adjacent to the center of the filament. In order to radiate X-rays to all directions, the anode component is provided with a tapered tungsten target, and the top end is corresponding to the shaft line of the electron beam. When a current flows the helical filament of the X-ray tube, the temperature of the center part of the filament is low, and thereby, the density of electrons emitted by the center part of the filament is reduced. Thus, the overheating of the top end of the tapered tungsten target can be prevented.

Description

X-ray tube
What the present invention relates to is X-ray tube, and negative electrode is connected with the same rarefied shell of vacuum-packed mode with anode in this X-ray tube.The X-ray tube that particularly relates to the radiation of sphere, i.e. its radiation X ray equably, its all radiation direction all meets at right angles with the axis of sphere shape pipe.
Such X-ray tube is used for the welding portion nondestructive inspection of metal pipe etc., and to check various defectives, this X-ray tube equally also is used for medical purpose, particularly the dental care purpose.
This sphere radial pattern X-ray tube comprises a ceramic package of finding time, and one is fixed on the anode assemblies of shell one end, a cathode assembly that is fixed on the shell other end with sealing ring with sealing ring.Anode and cathode assembly are facing one another, an apart predetermined distance.Cathode assembly comprise one can emitting electrons coiled-coil filament and one focus on dimple, be used for the electronics that emits from filament is focused on and quickens.On the other hand, anode assemblies comprises the target of a taper, the X ray radiation window device of anode seat and the tubular made with a kind of material of Transmission X ray.Conical target is positioned at the center of target stand one end, so that the filament of its faces cathode assembly.
When this X-ray tube was worked, the electronics that emits from cathode filament was quickened by the voltage between negative electrode and the anode, and the electron collision conical target that is accelerated has also formed a focus point on target, and X ray radiates out from the top sphere of target.
But when a circular focus on the electron beam with uniform electronic distribution density formed on the conical target of above-mentioned prior art X-ray tube, target head portion temperature raise sharp with respect to its circumferential section temperature.Therefore, when X-ray tube was worked under the high load capacity electric current, the tip temperature of conical target just had the trend that is melted above the fusing point of tungsten so that top, even the central axis of electronics is aimed at the top of conical target exactly, also the head portion melting phenomenon can take place.This is because target is the thickest on its top, promptly in the top ends office, distance between the surface of target head portion and the anode seat on tube axis direction is maximum, this anode seat is to be made of such as copper with good heat carrier, therefore, because the thermolysis of anode seat makes that the thermal diffusivity of target head portion is poor with respect to peripheral part of target, head portion just is raised to maximum temperature like this.
Much less, the local melting that hits at the X-ray tube of prior art makes us worrying, because the core of electron beam is the highest zone of electron distributions density.In addition, if the top of conical target is not aimed at the beam axis center exactly, just not can with rectangular all directions of tube's axis on obtain uniform radiation intensity.In this, once proposed a kind of X-ray tube, the deformation in its inside owing to the deformable component of a centre can be moved cathode assembly with respect to anode assemblies.These are all disclosed in No. 3714487 patent specifications of the U.S. by Jack uncle Jacob, but this in any case X-ray tube is having not a particle of improvement aspect the fusing that relates to the conical target top.
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of X-ray tube, even it works this X-ray tube under the high load capacity electric current, also can not make target because fusing and sex change, this X-ray tube has the very long-life, and can be on respect to all directions of tube's axis radiation X ray equably.
According to the present invention, this X-ray tube comprises a shell of finding time, and it has the two ends that face toward mutually, comprises that also a cathode assembly and anode assemblies are contained in the two ends of this shell.Therefore they face one another face.Cathode assembly comprises a spiral helicine filament that is used to produce electron beam, and one of its two ends are positioned at the place near the filament center.Anode assemblies has a conical target that is used for sphere radiation X ray.
Therefore adopt the structure of X-ray tube of the present invention, the temperature of the coiled filament core of cathode assembly is low, and the density of the electronics of launching from this core is also lower.So just might avoid the overload of conical target top, even and the axis of the electron beam top of having departed from conical target a little, the uniformity of radiodensity can not reduce yet on all directions.
And in most preferred embodiment of the present invention, X-ray tube has a relative conical target to regulate the mechanism of cathode assembly, makes beam axis can aim at the top of conical target.
Fig. 1 is one and cuts the sectional view got of back open along tube axis that represent among the figure is the embodiment of a sphere radial pattern X-ray tube of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view that part is cut open, and the filament in the presentation graphs 1 is installed in a mode in the focusing electrode;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view that amplify in proportion the part of the X-ray tube of Fig. 1, is used for showing the installation situation of cathode assembly on shell;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view that IV-the IV line is got in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a curve chart, in the presentation graphs 2 along the distribution situation of V-V line direction filament temperature;
Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 2, but shows the improvement of Fig. 2 embodiment on the method that filament is installed in the focusing electrode;
Fig. 7 is a partial section of amplifying in proportion, and expression promptly can also be on the tube's axis normal direction to another improvement of embodiment, and the removable ring flange of target assembly is adjustable.
With reference now to Fig. 1, to Fig. 5 embodiments of the invention is described.
Fig. 1 represents a sphere radial pattern X-ray tube in longitdinal cross-section diagram, this X-ray tube comprises that this barrel shell of the shell of finding time (2) (2) of a tubular has a tube's axis (4), and makes with ceramic material.As shown in the figure, shell (2) has a sinuous circumference, and promptly the wavy projection of appearance around it is represented with cross section profile (6).X-ray tube has an anode assemblies (8), and vacuum-tight is contained in an end of the shell (2) of finding time, the i.e. upper end of Fig. 1.The lower end of Fig. 1 also has a cathode assembly (10), and vacuum-tight is installed in the other end of shell (2), anode assemblies and cathode assembly mutually facing to.
Anode assemblies (8) has a ring flange (12), be used for X-ray tube is fixed on the X-ray tube device, ring flange (12) is sealed on the shell (2) of inner vacuum by a metal o-ring (14), with the same metal of thermal coefficient of expansion that has with pottery sealing ring (14) is welded on the shell (2), the anodic protection cover (16) of a hollow passes the core that ring flange (12) is fixed on ring flange (12), and anodic protection cover (16) one ends pass shell (2) inside of the hole insertion vacuum of ring flange (12).A screen (18) is fixed on ring flange (12) and the end face that shell (2) contacts.Screen (18) stretches towards cathode assembly (10) in shell (2).A tubular X ray radiation window component (20).Be fixed on the anodic protection cover on that end of cathode assembly at the one end, X ray radiation window component (20) is to be made by a kind of X ray transmission material.Beryllium Be for example.The other end of this X ray radiation window component (20) is fixed on the anode casing (22), an anode seat (24) is installed on this anode casing (22), and the anode seat (24) that is installed on the anode casing (22) has a conical target made from tungsten (26) on that end of its faces cathode assembly (10).
To describe cathode assembly (10) now in detail.
Cathode assembly (10) has a directly-heated type helical heater (28) (will describe in detail later on); it is installed in shell (2) lining and facing to the tungsten target (26) of anode assemblies (8); also have a focusing electrode (30) that holds filament (28), on focusing electrode (30) excircle protective sleeve (32) is housed.Focusing electrode (30) is being supported by a cylindrical stent (34), and support is fixed on the removable ring flange (36) (will illustrate later on).One diameter parts that increases is arranged below the cylindrical stent (34), at support (34) diameter parts a ceramic stem (38) is installed with vacuum-packed form.This ceramic stem (38) has pair of holes, and cathode electrode lead-out wire (40) inserts this hole respectively.Ring flange with the thermal coefficient of expansion the same with pottery links together the same ceramic stem of cathode electrode lead-out wire (40) (38).Also there is a through hole at the center of ceramic stem (38), an exhaust tube (42) is injected in the inside, it is after X-ray tube assembles, be used for inner pumping gas (as air) from shell (2), as lead-out wire (40), exhaust tube (42) also is bound up with the same ceramic stem of vacuum-packed form (38).
Explanation now has the installation of cathode assembly (10) Yu the shell (2) of said structure.
Above-mentioned removable ring flange (36) is supporting cathode assembly (10), and ring flange (36) has a through hole, and this hole is used for placing with the vacuum seal form and is fixed on cylindrical stent (34) on the removable ring flange (36).Between an end of removable ring flange (36) and corresponding shell (2), a bellows (44) is arranged, be used for stopping that the atmospheric pressure of outside is to keep the inner pressure of vacuum basically of shell (2).This bellows (44) is made with stainless steel, and is centered around cylindrical stent (34) on every side.Has an end that one end of bellows (44) is fixed on shell (2) with the vacuum seal form with the sealing ring (45) of the same thermal coefficient of expansion of pottery with one, the other end of bellows (44) also is fixed on the removable ring flange (36) with vacuum-packed form, with three adjusting bolts (48) and three set bolts (50) (describing in detail later on) removable ring flange (36) is installed on the fixed flange (46).As will illustrating later on, regulate bolt (48) and three set bolts (50) guarantee that removable ring flange (36) (cathode assembly is fixed on above it) is mobile on the direction of tube's axis (4) for three, promptly on the direction of tube's axis (4), removable ring flange (36) is with respect to being fixed on moving that fixed flange (46) on the shell (2) carried out.A sealing ring (52) made from kovar Kover trade mark fixed flange (46) mechanically, be rigidly fixed on the end face of shell (2).With three construction bolts (56) over cap (54) has been installed on fixed flange (46).
Rarefied zone is by determining with lower member in the X-ray tube: shell (2), anode assemblies (8), i.e. ring flange (12), anodic protection cover (16), X ray radiation window component (20) and anode casing (22); Bellows (44); Sealing ring (45); Cathode assembly (10) can rotary flange dish (36), cylindrical stent (34), ceramic stem (38) and exhaust tube (42).
With reference now to Fig. 2, describes the filamentray structure of cathode assembly in detail.As shown in Figure 2, focusing electrode (30) have one placed in the middle, be essentially circular focusing dimple (58) and be used for an electron beam that sends from filament (28) is focused on.Two through holes (59) are arranged at the bottom that focuses on dimple (58), one is passed the center, another is passed near on the position of bottom margin, a platform is all arranged in each through hole, mid portion at its axis has a shoulder in other words, and promptly each Kong Youyi is individual is focusing on the reduced diameter section that stretches out between dimple (58) bottom and the shoulder and forming the enlarged diameter section that continues on shoulder reduced diameter section edge.Tubular ceramic component (60) and (62) are compressed into through hole (59) enlarged diameter section the inside respectively.Tubular ceramic component (60) and (62) are same center with through hole, with the method for machinery pressurization metal sleeve (64) and (66) are compressed in the central through hole respectively.Shaft-like supporting lead-in wire (68) and (70) is fixed in corresponding metal sleeve (64) and (66) with electric soldering method.Metal sleeve (64) and (66) and supporting-line (68) and (70) all are by such metal of for example iron.End (72) and (74) with electric weld handle coiled filament (28) are welded on the supporting lead-in wire (68) and (70).Coiled filament (28) is placed in and focuses on dimple (58) lining.As shown in Figure 2.Coiled filament (28) is along the Normal plane of tube's axis (4) and extend.In the perspective view of Fig. 2, the end (72) that filament is connected with supporting lead-in wire (56) from it, by counterclockwise making spiral extension, another end (74) of filament (28) is connected with supporting lead-in wire (70) round tube's axis (4).
With reference now to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the structure of cathode assembly is described, this structure can be aimed at; The central axis that anode assemblies (8) hits.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, regulate on the position of circumference trisection that bolts (48) are placed in removable ring flange (36) for three, and they are screwed into the circumferential section of removable ring flange (36), their end contacts with the flange surface of fixed flange (46).Three set bolts (50) each two of all being positioned on the same circumference regulate in the middle of the bolt (48).They penetrate removable ring flange (36) and are screwed into fixed flange (46) lining.
The working condition of the X-ray tube that has said structure once is described now.
When electric current flows to the working condition of X-ray tube from power supply (in the figure expression).
When electric current from power supply (in the figure expression) when flowing to coiled filament (28) lining of cathode assembly the X-ray tube (10), a large amount of electronics emit from filament (28), and are low from the density of its peripheral region emitting electrons from the density ratio of filament central area emitting electrons.What Fig. 5 represented is when filament is fully heated, along the distribution situation of temperature T on V among Fig. 2-V filament that line is got (28) cross section.Position C is corresponding to the tube's axis (4) of X-ray tube, i.e. the mid point axis of electron beam among Fig. 5.Two position D/2 are corresponding to the opposite point of diametric(al), and the center of 2 distances is the place of central axis (4) at the diameter mid point of coiled filament (28) profile just.T 1And T 3What represent is the two ends (74) of filament among Fig. 2 (28) and the temperature of (72).As shown in Figure 5, the temperature T of coiled filament (28) central area 3Temperature T than filament between center and the profile 2And T Low.Reason is that the termination cooling of filament end (72) makes the temperature of filament (28) central area reduce, particularly because filament (28) terminal (72) is connected with supporting-line (68), the heat that filament (28) is produced is delivered on the metallic sheath (64) by supporting lead-in wire (68) from terminal (72).Certainly, the temperature T of another end of filament (28) (74) 1Also owing to the termination cooling reduces, therefore terminal (74) be placed on outside the profile of coiled filament (28).For these reasons, the density ratio from coiled filament (28) central area electrons emitted is low in the density of its circumferential area.
The electronics of launching from coiled filament (28) is focused on by focusing electrode (30), makes it to clash into conical target (26), and X ray passes X ray radiation window (20) like this and radiate equably to all directions.
Be of a size of example with each parts of X-ray tube shown in Figure 1, the effective diameter of coiled filament (28) approximately is 10 millimeters, and the minimum diameter that is focused on the back electron beam by focusing electrode (30) approximately is 5 millimeters, and the effective diameter of target (26) approximately is 20 millimeters.
The correction of X-ray tube parts on tube axis direction of said structure once is described now.
Just as previously noted, a rarefied zone is arranged in the X-ray tube, simultaneously, X-ray tube is placed in the X-ray tube device overcoat, has been full of a kind of High-Voltage Insulation gas in this overcoat, for example 5 kilograms every square centimeter gases at high pressure.Sometimes, X-ray tube is placed in a kind of insulating oil in the X-ray tube device.Sometimes be also placed in the air and use.No matter when, removable ring flange (36) always on the direction of tube's axis (4) by push-tight, when pipe uses in atmosphere, ring flange (36) is by the push-tight of the atmospheric pressure of outside institute, when pipe uses in High-Voltage Insulation gas, ring flange (36) is by the about 6 kilograms every square centimeter pressure institute push-tight in outside, adjusting bolt (48) in the threaded hole of ring flange (36) overcomes external pressure, overcome suction in other words, removable ring flange (36) and fixed flange (46) are separated from the zone of finding time in the X-ray tube.Relative fixed ring flange (46) is tightened, with unscrew three and regulate the central axis that bolts (48) just can be adjusted filament (28) electrons emitted bundle subtly, enable to aim at the center of conical target (26), after the aligning, three set bolts (50) are screwed into fixed flange (46), removable ring flange (36) and fixed flange (46) are fixed together.
Two cover bolts are arranged in the said method.Every cover is made up of at least three bolts, and the correction of carrying out anode and cathode assembly under such condition is very easy to.This two covers bolt hauls on axis direction mutually, also with regard to fastening these bolts, prevents when X-ray tube is worked, and the electron beam central axis is with departing from that the generation of the calibration between the tungsten target center is not wished to occur.In addition, after the calibration between negative electrode and anode assemblies finishes, cover together regulating bolt, set bolt and exhaust tube, just hidden from view the ledge of X-ray tube with over cap (54).
In addition, because an end of coiled filament is placed in the place near the electron beam central axis, as what say previously, the temperature of filament central area has reduced, and makes from the density of filament central area emitting electrons to reduce, thereby can avoid the top of conical target overheated.
Also have, according to the present invention, be evacuated the regional suction that is produced in the X-ray tube and can be used to utilize two cover bolts to proofread and correct negative electrode and this operation of anode assemblies effectively, make this processing ease carry out, and can prevent that calibration departs from when using X-ray tube.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 represent is the improvement that the foregoing description carried out to invention, and in these figure, the same parts just mark with identical numeral among the embodiment that says with the front.
In improvement shown in Figure 6, embodiment with Fig. 2 is the same, used coiled filament (28), wherein an end (72) is at the spiral center, another end (74) is in helical margin, but different is that supporting-line (68) and (70) are placed in and are symmetrical in the place that tube's axis (4) focuses on the axis of dimple (58) in other words, particularly supporting lead-in wire (68) and (70) is installed in through hole (100) lining, and the through hole (100) on the focusing dimple (58) is symmetrically in the axis of tube's axis (4) or focusing dimple.
In improvement shown in Figure 6, the annex of coiled filament (28) has utilized through hole (100), and through hole (100) is focusing on the circumference of dimple bottom in the above-mentioned X-ray tube.
Improvement shown in Figure 7 is to distinguish to some extent at the embodiment with Fig. 3 aspect the mechanism of proofreading and correct cathode assembly (10), and special feature is under this condition, and removable ring flange (36) also can be regulated on the direction perpendicular to tube's axis (4).
In the middle of this improves, three installing components (200) are arranged on the surface of fixed flange (46) exterior circumferential, each installing component has a channel section, and from fixed flange (46) the outside on every side surface of removable ring flange (36) that stretches.There is a reinforcing ring (202) to be contained in facing on that part of removable ring flange (36) of each installing component (200), it is the hole of screw thread that reinforcing ring (202) and installing component (200) have the inside, be screwed into a radiai adjustment bolt (206) in the hole, bolt one end contacts with the outer surface of removable ring flange (36).In this mechanism, each installing component (200) also has a through hole (204), this through hole is on that part facing to the flange surface of removable ring flange (36), the diameter of through hole (204) is bigger than the diameter of regulating bolt (48), makes adjusting bolt (48) pass through hole (204) and not contact installing component (200).
During these improve at said structure, cathode assembly not only can be regulated with respect to the inclination of electron beam central axis, and cathode assembly also can regulate on perpendicular to the direction of tube's axis (4), and the adjustment of being carried out under adjustment that target assembly under this condition the carries out condition than the sort of assembly formerly is more accurate.
Should be mentioned that directly-heated filament in above-mentioned improvement and the device, but this invention is in no way limited to this, it is equally applicable to have the X-ray tube of heater-type filament.

Claims (18)

1, a kind of X-ray tube comprises:
A shell that vacuumizes;
An anode assemblies is contained in the above-mentioned shell that vacuumizes, and comprises that a conical target with top is used for launching X ray; And
A cathode assembly that is contained in the above-mentioned shell that vacuumizes, this cathode assembly comprises a coiled filament, this filament is used for producing electron beam towards above-mentioned conical target, with a focusing electrode that will focus on from the electron beam of coiled filament directive conical target, above-mentioned focusing electrode has a focusing dimple that holds coiled filament, a pair of supporting lead-in wire is housed in the dimple bottom, and the end of said filament links to each other respectively with this supporting lead-in wire;
On the axis that one of the said supporting lead-in wire that it is characterized in that being positioned at said focusing dimple extends out on the top of above-mentioned conical target.
2, a kind of X-ray tube comprises:
A shell that vacuumizes;
An anode assemblies is contained in the above-mentioned shell that vacuumizes, and comprises a conical target with top, is used for launching X ray; And
One is contained in the above-mentioned cathode assembly that vacuumizes in the shell, this cathode assembly comprises a coiled filament, this filament is towards above-mentioned conical target, be used for producing electron beam, with a focusing electrode that will focus on from the electron beam of coiled filament directive conical target, above-mentioned focusing electrode has a focusing dimple that holds coiled filament, and a pair of supporting lead-in wire is housed in the dimple bottom, and the end of said filament links to each other respectively with this supporting lead-in wire;
It is characterized in that one of the said supporting lead-in wire in the said focusing dimple settles symmetrically with respect to the axis that the top of above-mentioned conical target extends out.
3, a kind of mechanism for axial adjusting of X-ray tube cathode assembly is contained on the cylindrical outer casing of finding time with tube's axis, and an end of this shell is uncovered, comprises
A bellows, the one end is connected with the uncovered end of vacuum-packed form with shell body, can extend on the direction of tube's axis and shorten;
A removable ring flange, the one end links to each other with the other end of vacuum-packed form with above-mentioned filter line pipe, and a cathode assembly just is installed on this removable ring flange;
Have at least three adjusting bolts to be positioned on the garden contour of removable ring flange, equally spaced each other, and be screwed into removable ring flange, so that can resist the suction in the shell of finding time, in the position of the removable ring flange of axis direction adjusted;
It is characterized in that:
A fixed flange and is fixed on this end of case body between removable ring flange and cylindrical outer casing housing one end;
Have at least three set bolts to pass removable ring flange, be screwed into fixed flange, and be positioned on the circumference of removable ring flange, equally spaced each other, along tube axis direction towards the fixed flange removable ring flange of push-tight over there; For beam axis is aimed at the center of conical target, by tightening and unscrewing set bolt and regulate the orientation of bolt with respect to tube's axis change cathode assembly.
4, according to the adjusting mechanism of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the installing component of a fixing said fixed flange stretches to the garden week outer surface of removable ring flange from fixed flange; A radiai adjustment bolt is screwed on the installing component, and on perpendicular to the direction of tube's axis the garden week outer surface of the removable ring flange of push-tight, turn this radiai adjustment bolt, just can be on perpendicular to tube axis direction the swap cathode assembly.
CN85106786A 1985-09-07 1985-09-07 O-ray tubes Expired CN85106786B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN85106786A CN85106786B (en) 1985-09-07 1985-09-07 O-ray tubes

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN85106786A CN85106786B (en) 1985-09-07 1985-09-07 O-ray tubes

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CN85106786B true CN85106786B (en) 1988-11-30

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