CN85104815A - The improvement of expanding tobacco - Google Patents
The improvement of expanding tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN85104815A CN85104815A CN198585104815A CN85104815A CN85104815A CN 85104815 A CN85104815 A CN 85104815A CN 198585104815 A CN198585104815 A CN 198585104815A CN 85104815 A CN85104815 A CN 85104815A CN 85104815 A CN85104815 A CN 85104815A
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- tobacco
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- swelling agent
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Abstract
A kind of expanding tobacco agent can produce the expanding tobacco synergism, this swelling agent comprise volatility, nonpolar and water-fast basically first organise thing and volatility, water-soluble, contain oxygen and polarity second organic compound greater than described first compound.
Description
The present invention touch upon expanding tobacco agent and process for expansion of tobacco.
In a kind of method of tobacco extensive use, make the filling capacity of tobacco increase by this method.This method often is called as process for expansion of tobacco.In existing process for expansion of tobacco, tobacco leaf or tobacco stem flood with swelling agent.Afterwards, tobacco may pass through heating steps, and this step allows tobacco and thermal medium such as hot-air and/or steam contact usually.Heating steps causes that swelling agent removes from tobacco.In some these type of expanding methods, the expansion of tobacco takes place in this heating steps just.
Another kind of method as heating steps is under HTHP, to allow the tobacco experience reduce pressure suddenly.Also having a kind of method is freeze-drying.
The swelling agent that is used for existing expanding method has water, steam, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbons.
According to the process for expansion of tobacco that british patent specification is described for 955, No. 679, tobacco is handled through liquid solvent, and this solvent is selected from one group of material, comprises the combination of aliphatic hydrocarbon, cyclic hydrocarbon, fragrant hydroxyl, alcohol, ketone, ester, ether, chlorinated solvent and this group miscible solvent.Liquid solvent is by removing as the method for blowing air to tobacco.
US Patent specification 3,693 has been described process for expansion of tobacco in No. 631.This method is flooded tobacco with volatile organic compound or multiple organic compound.According to the description of this specification, the optimum organic compound is non-oxidized compound, and they are nonpolar relatively and relatively or be immiscible in water basically.
US Patent specification 3, the method of expanding tobacco stem has been described, this method solution-treated tobacco stem in 425, No. 425, this solution comprises one or more sugar, one or more are inorganic or organic acid sodium salt or sylvite, an alkali valency or a bibasic acid, or NaOH or potassium hydroxide.After this solution-treated, this stem drying is heated to 300 ℃ then.
US Patent specification 3,771 has been described the process for expansion of tobacco with ammonia and carbon dioxide treatment tobacco in No. 533.Tobacco after ammonia and the carbon dioxide treatment is heated and/or reduces pressure.
Publication No. is that 107,932 european patent application has been described for No. 833059892, under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, handles process for expansion of tobacco in vapor phase with swelling agent.Decompression subsequently.Best swelling agent is light hydrocarbon, ethane, propane, propylene, normal butane, iso-butane, dichlorodifluoromethane and monochlorodifluoromethane.Also can use also satisfactory according to the mixture of stating swelling agent.
Although in these patent documents, mention, the swelling agent that uses in the process for expansion of tobacco comprises two or more components, but material according to our grasp, document narration and a kind of condition regulation that is made of the expanding tobacco agent first and second components are not arranged as yet, when this swelling agent is used for process for expansion of tobacco, with regard to the filling ability of tobacco increases, can produce synergistic effect.For the two component swelling agents that show synergism, the filling capacity that is caused by this agent increases, greater than the increase of estimating by the linear scale that is caused increase by each component.
One of purpose of the present invention provides the expanding tobacco agent that shows synergism.
Another object of the present invention provides the expanding tobacco agent that comprises first and second components.These swelling agents are used for process for expansion of tobacco, and the increase of gained the filling ability of tobacco is greater than the increase of using first component or the second component gained separately.
The invention provides a kind of expanding tobacco agent, with first organic compound is first component, this organic compound is a volatility, nonpolar and water insoluble basically, with second organic compound is second component, this organic compound be volatility, water-soluble, contain oxygen and polarity greater than this first compound.When first compound and second compound existed with liquid phase, both were preferably mixable.The swelling agent of following indication is the swelling agent by above-mentioned definition.
Preferably a kind of hydrocarbon of first compound, proper hydrocarbon are that 1 to 8 carbon atom is arranged in its molecular structure, and more suitably hydrocarbon is that 3 to 6 carbon atoms are arranged in its molecular structure.As the hydrocarbon of first compound can be the hydrocarbon of straight chain, side chain, saturated, unsaturated, ring-type or replacement.
To second compound, proper is the compound that 1 to 6 carbon atom is arranged in its molecular structure, more suitably for the compound of 1 to 3 carbon atom is arranged.Second compound can be ketone, ester or alcohol, although preferably be not aldehyde or ether.
More satisfactory is that first and second compounds can form azeotropic mixture.When first and second compounds can form azeotropic mixture, the ratio of compound used therefor was preferably in the scope of azeotropic ratio.
Or near 20 ℃ and 1 the crust (100KPa) absolute pressure under, it is more favourable that first and second compounds exist with liquid phase separately.The corresponding atmospheric boiling point of first and second compounds is suitably near each other as in 50 ℃, is reasonable.
We find, adopt the present invention that the expanding tobacco that shows expanding tobacco synergistic effect agent can be provided.
We also find, use by swelling agent of the present invention, and the filling capacity that the increase of gained the filling ability of tobacco substantially exceeds with known one-component organic expander gained increases.
The present invention also provides a kind of process for expansion of tobacco, and wherein tobacco is handled with the swelling agent of above-mentioned definition, and the tobacco after the processing is heated or reduces pressure.First component and the second component compound are added tobacco independently of one another, make two compounds mix at this place, as swelling agent, this method still belongs to scope of the present invention.With heating and/or depressurization steps, it is reasonable removing swelling agent from tobacco.
Tobacco leaf and/or tobacco stem can expand with method of the present invention.
According to implementing a method of the present invention, tobacco with the swelling agent processing, in the seal-off pressure vessel in heating, like this, the temperature of liquid phase swelling agent reaches a temperature value of this swelling agent boiling point when being higher than corresponding release pressure in the tobacco, and this release pressure is lower than the pressure of this container when the said temperature value.More suitable when release pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, though according to used swelling agent, this pressure also can be atmospheric pressure, or even be higher than atmospheric pressure.
According to implementing another method of the present invention, enter a pipeline with the tobacco after the swelling agent processing, flowing the gas thermal medium in this pipeline, as the nitrogen or the superheated steam of high temperature.This tobacco particle is carried by this gas medium along this pipeline, is separated from gas medium by separator then.
For the present invention being described, the existing process for expansion of tobacco of narrating for example.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the expanding tobacco schematic representation of apparatus.This device is used for the process for expansion of tobacco of example I.Device similarly is used for example II-VII and example XII-XI X.
Fig. 2 is a chart, the result that the method for expression example II obtains.
Fig. 3 is the expanding tobacco schematic representation of apparatus, is used for example VIII-XI.
The example I
The 500g tobacco smokes the tobacco leaf by cigarette and tobacco stem mixes, and the weight ratio of the former with the latter is 80%: 20%.The moisture content that this tobacco reaches is a 18%(weight).The swelling agent that comprises 180g pentane and 145g acetone is added in this tobacco.After 6 hours the balance period, this tobacco sees Fig. 1 through an airtight banded feeder 1(), entering internal diameter is the linear expansion pipe 2 of 5cm, it is 25msec that this pipe is connected with flow velocity
-1Steam.This steam is supplied with by vaporium 4 by steam providing apparatus 3, and initial temperature is 300 ℃.Behind the passage of 3m, this tobacco is separated from delivering vapor in cyclone separator 5 in this expansion tube.This tobacco reaches 12.5%(weight through compensation then) moisture content.Measure filling value and the particle specific volume of this tobacco.With the contrast tobacco relatively (the contrast tobacco also compensates and reaches 12.5% weight moisture content) of not expanding, this tobacco filling value increase to 130%, the particle specific volume increase to 169%.
Only use pentane under similarity condition, the increase of filling value and particle specific volume is respectively 64% and 84%.When only using acetone under similarity condition, corresponding value is respectively 65% and 91%.The expanding tobacco agent very clear, that pentane and acetone constitute is far superior to the swelling agent that is made of separately separately two components.
The mensuration of filling value and particle specific volume is that this instrument has description in british patent specification 2,128 among the 758A with manually-operated filling value/testing impedance instrument.
Filling value (FV) is to obtain by following relational expression:
FV= (π(3.25)
2h)/(W)
Wherein:
3.25 be the radius (cm) of this tester cylinder;
H is the height (cm) of tobacco column;
W is the weight (g) of tobacco column.
The measurement of particle specific volume (PSV) is by the linear rule gained that returns in the value mapping back of calculating by bulk density and following formula.This formula is:
( (D
2h)/(1.42P) )
1/3
Wherein:
D is the bulk density (gcc of this tobacco
-1);
H is the height (cm) of this tobacco column;
P falls (cmH for the pressure by this tobacco column
2O);
1.42 be correction factor by this post;
The intercept of D axle is a particle density, and its inverse is the particle specific volume.
The example II
By a kind of process for expansion of tobacco operation 6 times, except the composition variation of used swelling agent is following, the neither change of the technological parameter of all operations.
Operation sequence number pentane (volume %) acetone (volume %)
1 100 0
2 90 10
3 80 20
4 75 25
5 50 50
6 0 100
In above-mentioned each operation, the 500g tobacco is for all to smoke the mixture that the tobacco leaf is formed by cigarette, and the weight moisture content is 22% o'clock, handles with the swelling agent of 350g pentane/acetone, and it is formed by each operation and different.
After 4 hours the balance period, this tobacco enters the linear expansion pipe through airtight banded feeder, and feed rate is 200g/min.This expansion pipe range 12m, internal diameter 5cm.Steam flow rate in this pipe is 50msec
-1, the initial temperature of this steam is 350 ℃.At the output of this pipe, this tobacco is separated from delivering vapor in separator.
Before measuring filling value and particle specific volume, the tobacco after this expansion compensates to 12.5% weight moisture content.With being similar to specification number (SPC No is 2,128, and the instrument among the 758A measure FV and PSV, but this instrument is loaded onto the piston of operable automatically.Compare with contrast tobacco unexpanded, compensation, the increase of FV and PSV is as follows.
Operation sequence number FV increases (%) PSV increases (%)
1 77 126
2 108 161
3 118 177
4 110 169
5 96 172
6 36 59
Can find that operation 2-5(swelling agent is made up of pentane and acetone) in, FV and PSV increase are only used pentane greater than operation 1(swelling agent) and operate the 6(swelling agent and only use acetone).Can also further find, obtain being operating as of maximum FV and PSV increase and operate 3.Operate 3 used swelling agents and comprise 80% pentane and 20% acetone.These ratios can obtain best synergism near the azeotropic ratio of pentane and acetone.
FV increases the result as shown in Figure 2, and the A axle is represented the percentage of pentane in the swelling agent among the figure, and the B axle is represented the percentage that FV increases.
Example III-VII
Still with all smoking the mixture that the tobacco leaf is formed by cigarette, the expanding method of repetition example II 5 times uses two different component swelling agents at every turn.The gross weight of each used swelling agent is that the weight ratio of 350g and two components equates.FV and PSV result are listed in the table below 1 with the form that percentage increases.From this result, can find, for each swelling agent, the FV percentage (the 5th, 6 hurdle) of FV percentage (the 4th hurdle) gained when using separately arbitrary component in two components.Equally, the PSV percentage that all swelling agents produce increases (the 7th hurdle), and the PSV percentage that obtains when using separately separately greater than respective components increases (the 8th, 9 hurdle).
The example VIII
Tobacco 20g all smokes the mixture that the tobacco leaf is formed by cigarette, and the weight moisture content is 20% o'clock, places 2 basket 6 (see figure 3)s of boosting in the force container 7, and the swelling agent of being made up of 48g freon-11 and 20g acetone injects this tobacco.Behind this container closure, through the balance of a few minutes, then with vapour jacket 8 these containers of heating, but do not vacuumize, obtaining this container inner wall surface temperature is 160 ℃, and the absolute pressure of this container is 700KPa.Keep under these conditions through after 5 minutes the balance period, open the valve 9 on the pipeline 10, this pressure vessel is lost heart be essentially the container 11 of 14KPa absolute pressure to constant vacuum.Through behind the above-mentioned expanding method, the weight moisture content is compensated to 12.5%, measure the filling capacity of this tobacco.Compare with the contrast tobacco of not expanding, compensating, the filling capacity of this tobacco has increased by 71%, and when freon-11 and acetone used separately separately, the increase of corresponding filling capacity was respectively 61% and 30%.In this example, the filling capacity increase is to fill value tester with the small amount of sample cylinder to measure, and only uses the 5g tobacco.Such measured value is hereinafter referred to as " FP ".
The example IX
Identical with the example VIII but the weight moisture content is 25% tobacco 20g, be placed in the basket 6 in first pressure vessel 7, this pressure vessel passes through preheating in advance, and inner wall surface temperature is 150 ℃.After pressure vessel 7 is closed, do not vacuumize, but the valve 12 on the unlatching pipeline 13 makes container 7 inside communicate with second pressure vessel, 14 inside.In second pressure vessel 14, put into swelling agent.This swelling agent is the mixture that 80%: 20% pentane and acetone are formed by volume ratio.Second pressure vessel 14 with the heating of electric heater unit (not shown), makes second pressure vessel 14 obtain the pressure of high temperature and the about 800KPa of absolute pressure.Therefore, when the internal communication of two containers 7,14, swelling agent is present in second pressure vessel 14 with the solution-air two-phase.The gas phase swelling agent flows to pressure vessel 7 from pressure vessel 14, and condensation also contacts with tobacco in this container.
Shut off valve 12 then, and pressure vessel 7 inside are opened with pressure vessel 14 internal insulation.After 5 minutes balance period, the wall surface temperature of container 7 is 160 ℃, and pressure is the 520KPa absolute pressure, and open valve 9 allows pressure vessel 7 be vented to the container 11 that constant vacuum is the 14KPa absolute pressure substantially.To 12.5% weight moisture content, after measured, FP increases to 72% to this tobacco through compensation, and pentane and acetone is when using separately separately, and FP increases and is respectively 46% and 26%.
The example X
Repeat the expanding method of example IX, but before the internal communication of two pressure vessels 7,14, container 7 is evacuated to the 20KPa absolute pressure.After 5 minutes balance period, the wall temperature of container 7 is 160 ℃, and pressure is the 500KPa absolute pressure.
After measured, FP increases to 86%.
The example XI
Repeat the expanding method of example VIII, but the initial weight moisture content of tobacco is 25%, and this tobacco was handled with this swelling agent before inserting pressure vessel 7.The swelling agent that adds this tobacco is made up of 3g pentane and 8g acetone.After 5 minutes balance period, the pressure of container 7 is the 305KPa absolute pressure.
After measured, FP increases to 88%.
Example XII-X VII
The expanding method of repetition example II 6 times is used two different component swelling agents at every turn.The gross weight of used swelling agent is 350g in each operation, and two components have identical part by weight.Under each situation, the initial weight moisture content that cigarette smokes tobacco leaf mixture is 24%.
From following table 2 as can be seen, the FV of each swelling agent and PSV percentage increase (the 4th and 7 hurdle), and FV that obtains when using separately separately greater than this two component and PSV percentage increase (the 5th, 6,8,9 hurdle).
Example X VIII and X IX
Twice of the expanding method of repetition example XII-X VII.In the time of for the first time, two components of two component swelling agent agent all are first compound types.In the time of for the second time, two components all are second compound types.
From following table 3 as can be seen, for each of these swelling agents, FV and PSV percentage increase (the 4th, 7 hurdle), even are lower than the percentage that the linear scale that increases by each component gained percentage estimates and increase.
Claims (21)
1, a kind of expanding tobacco agent, comprise first organic compound as first component, this compound is volatile, nonpolar and water-fast basically hydrocarbon, and as second organic compound of second component, this compound be volatility, water-soluble, contain oxygen and polarity greater than above-mentioned first compound, can be miscible when described first compound and second compound exist with liquid phase separately.
2, a kind of by the described swelling agent of claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon is for there being the hydrocarbon of 1 to 8 carbon atom in its molecular structure.
3, a kind of by the described swelling agent of claim 2, wherein said hydrocarbon is for there being the hydrocarbon of 3 to 6 carbon atoms in its molecular structure.
4, a kind of by the described swelling agent of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, wherein said first compound or near 20 ℃ with during in the 100KPa absolute pressure, exist with liquid phase.
5, a kind of by the described swelling agent of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, wherein said first compound is a pentane.
6, a kind of by the described swelling agent of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, wherein said second compound is for there being the compound of 1 to 6 carbon atom in its molecular structure.
7, a kind of by the described swelling agent of claim 6, wherein said second compound is for there being the compound of 1 to 3 carbon atom in its molecular structure.
8, a kind of by the described swelling agent of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, wherein said second compound, or near 20 ℃ with during in the 100KPa absolute pressure, exist with liquid phase.
9, a kind of by the described swelling agent of aforesaid right requirement, wherein said second compound is selected from this group compound of ketone, ester and alcohol.
10, a kind of by the described swelling agent of claim 9, wherein said second compound is selected from this group compound of acetone, methyl formate and ethanol.
11, a kind of by the described swelling agent of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, the difference of wherein said first compound and the corresponding atmospheric boiling point of second compound is in 50 ℃.
12, a kind of by the described swelling agent of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, wherein said first compound and second compound can form azeotropic mixture.
13, a kind of by the described swelling agent of claim 12, the ratio of wherein said first compound and second compound is within the azeotropic proportion.
14, a kind of process for expansion of tobacco, wherein tobacco is handled with the described swelling agent of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, and the tobacco after the processing is through heating and/or decompression.
15, a kind of by the described method of claim 14, wherein the filling capacity with this method gained increases, and the filling capacity that can get when using separately separately greater than first and second components in this swelling agent increases.
16, a kind of by claim 14 or 15 described methods, wherein heating and/or depressurization steps cause from this tobacco and remove this swelling agent.
17, a kind of by the described method of claim 16, wherein with this tobacco of this swelling agent processing, enter the pipeline of the high temperature gas medium that flows, this tobacco separates from this medium in separator then.
18, a kind of by the described method of claim 16, this tobacco of handling wherein with this swelling agent, in a closed container, heat, this swelling agent is present in temperature in this tobacco with liquid state like this, reach the temperature value of this swelling agent boiling point when being higher than corresponding to release pressure, this release pressure is lower than the pressure of this container when this temperature value, and this container is vented to this release pressure.
19, a kind of by the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 14 to 18, wherein handle this tobacco with first component composition in this swelling agent, be independent of with second component composition in this swelling agent and handle this tobacco, locate this two component this tobacco like this and mix, as swelling agent.
20, a kind of process for expansion of tobacco is basically as described in arbitrary example in the above-mentioned example.
21, a kind of expanding tobacco agent is basically as described in arbitrary example in the above-mentioned example.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85104815A CN1003036B (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1985-06-21 | Tobacco expansion agent |
| CN87104919.8A CN1004856B (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1987-07-14 | Improvements relating to expansion of tobacco |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85104815A CN1003036B (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1985-06-21 | Tobacco expansion agent |
| CN87104919.8A CN1004856B (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1987-07-14 | Improvements relating to expansion of tobacco |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN85104815A true CN85104815A (en) | 1986-12-17 |
| CN1003036B CN1003036B (en) | 1989-01-11 |
Family
ID=76270667
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN85104815A Expired CN1003036B (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1985-06-21 | Tobacco expansion agent |
| CN87104919.8A Expired CN1004856B (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1987-07-14 | Improvements relating to expansion of tobacco |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87104919.8A Expired CN1004856B (en) | 1985-06-21 | 1987-07-14 | Improvements relating to expansion of tobacco |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN1003036B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110973684A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-10 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Tobacco shred expanding agent and tobacco shred expanding method |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102763893A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2012-11-07 | 云南烟草科学研究院 | Method for expanding cut tobaccos |
| CN103637397B (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2016-06-01 | 云南烟草科学研究院 | A kind of technique reducing harmful substances in flue gas |
| CN110638083B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2021-12-07 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Efficient preparation method of expanded cut tobacco |
| CN111264898B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2022-03-04 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Tobacco shred expanding agent |
-
1985
- 1985-06-21 CN CN85104815A patent/CN1003036B/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-07-14 CN CN87104919.8A patent/CN1004856B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110973684A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-10 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Tobacco shred expanding agent and tobacco shred expanding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN87104919A (en) | 1988-03-09 |
| CN1004856B (en) | 1989-07-26 |
| CN1003036B (en) | 1989-01-11 |
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