CN85104432A - Suspension of motor vehicle with different elastic elements - Google Patents

Abstract

Be used in particular for industrial vehicle duplex axle (6,8) suspension, it is made up of a central elastic body (18) and second springing, the first central elastic body (18) is by member (10,12) two Control arms (17 on, 19) work, member (10,12) can rotate by the center pin (7) on vehicle chassis (5), second elastic body that is positioned at the side is by the oval leaf spring (20 of four parted hairs, 22) constitute, by being supported around the member (10,12) of the last central pin shaft of vehicle chassis (5) (7) rotation.Second elastic body (20,22) is littler than the elasticity of central elastic body (18), can both provide under all load-up conditions according to the predetermined a certain residual elasticity value of design thereby make to be suspended in.

Description

Power actuated vehicle with different elastic elements is outstanding

Involved in the present invention is one is used for the suspension of power actuated vehicle, and it has the different element of elasticity.

Or rather, the invention relates to a suspension that is specially adapted to industrial vehicle duplex axle.

The simplest suspension form that is used for power actuated vehicle is the leaf spring suspension, and it is made up of several high strength and flexible big steel plate, and these steel plates build up a variable cross-sectional plane.The load p that every spring plank can support is the leaf spring cross-sectional area, the linear function of spring plank quantity and their single intensity.This shows that if material is identical, then the magnitude of load that can bear of leaf spring depends on the quantity of spring plank.

Therefore, along with the increase of load, the quantity of spring plank also increases, but flexible (being the elastic response of spring to adding load) of spring plank assembly then correspondingly reduces.

Understand easily, for the big vehicle of load carrying ability, the elastic response of suspension has that certain limit-promptly only when this vehicle at full load, suspension just has elastic response, if the vehicles load, then responds badly, does not have response when unloaded.

Also to consider under the adjacent situation of several vehicles, though the design of suspension must guarantee under the situation that an axletree rises with respect to another axletree, also can be to each vehicle load distribution; This effect is called the rocking bar effect, it obtains by a center of oscillation is provided to suspension system, suspension system guarantee that simultaneously the wheel on the axletree contacts with ground, and the total weight that is supported passes on the ground by the determined size of diagram of component forces around this center swing.

Here said is the situation of cantilevered suspension, and in this structure, loading stress is absorbed by big folded spring plank, and longitudinal stress and transverse stress are then absorbed by suitable bar and beam, thereby total system can be rotated around a central pin shaft that is between the axletree.

But, large-scale load-carrying vehicle suspension design is become cantilevered or similar form, when vehicle was unloaded, suspension had only very little amount of deflection, does not almost have elastic response; When vehicle was travelled on the road surface of injustice, its speed was restricted, and velocity amplitude is very little, and no matter on any road surface, and travelling with any speed does not all have good driving comfort.

We know, also having some suspension systems is that an end of rigid arm is directly connected with axletree or wheel, one bearing pin is housed in the middle of rigid arm, rigid arm is around this bearing pin rotation, the other end acts on an elastic body, this elastomeric displacement is produced by the flutter of rigid arm around bearing pin, and the result of displacement produces elastic effect.

An example of this suspension disclosed in No. the 2795434th, the US Patent of same applicant application and submitted on December 23rd, 1 Italian application 68672-A/81 number.

Though the relative in some aspects cantilever suspension of rigid arm suspension improves to some extent, especially the suspension that proposes in disclosures in Italian patent application 68672-A/81 number improves structure, yet they are also not really perfect, because have only the central elastic body flexible, in case when said elastic body arrived the terminal point of its stroke, elastic reaction had just disappeared.

Therefore, we can say that the suspension that is mainly used in multi-shaft and heavily loaded power actuated vehicle can not fundamentally satisfy a suspension and require all functions that satisfy, the elastic effect that they can not the equilibrium elasticity body is particularly normally worked to guarantee can give under the load of seeing and the driving conditions at all.

One of purpose of the present invention will provide a kind of suspension of having eliminated or having reduced original suspension system defective and can finish all tasks that a suspension can finish for power actuated vehicle exactly, particularly under all possible load-up condition, this suspension guarantees the elastic response of an equilibrium.

By following explanation, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent.Suspension of motor vehicle provided by the invention includes one first central elastic device on the every limit of vehicle, this springing acts on two 1 end pivotally attached Control arms, this Control arm is by two member supportings that link to each other with a center pin of vehicle chassis and can rotate around center pin, it is characterized in that suspension also includes second springing of being made up of the oval leaf spring of two 4 parted hairs, second springing is by said member cross-tie, its elastic ratio first springing is little, and the free and bearing of the oval leaf spring of said four parted hairs is on the non-suspender of vehicle.

Therefore, suspension according to the present invention is had different elastomeric springings and is formed by several, the key distinction of it and original suspension is, when original suspension arrives " end of run ", this original suspension is with regard to the scope that exceeded its elastic deformation and become and resemble a rigid connector, and in suspension of the present invention, after first springing follows the string, side plate spring (second springing) is according to giving the work that the elastic curve of determining is earlier finished suspension, and other members of task are irrelevant separately with finishing them.

Most preferred embodiment of the present invention is described with the example of a no restriction range with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the axonometric drawing according to suspension of the present invention, and this suspension is applicable to duplex axle industrial vehicle.

Fig. 2 is a lateral plan of suspension shown in Figure 1, is the partial view of suspension shown in Figure 1, represents the situation when being suspended in vehicle hangs down load;

Fig. 3 is the suspension lateral plan similar to Fig. 2, but its expression is suspended in the situation of vehicle at full load;

Fig. 4 is the part sectional view of suspension shown in Figure 3;

Fig. 5 is that suspension shaft shown in Figure 1 is to part sectional view;

Fig. 6 one has the suspension front view of bumper;

In the accompanying drawing, one section longeron on label 5 expressions one industrial vehicle chassis, the duplex axletree of 6 and 8 these cars of expression, the center pin on 7 expression chassis, center pin 7 is by support 9 supportings, and suspension is hinged on the support 9 by center pin 7.As can be seen, the same spline structure with same map that will describe below is arranged on the another side on chassis too.

Other detailed structure of wheel and non-suspender do not illustrate in the drawings, because they do not belong to content of the present invention, and should be that people in the prior art field is known.Two members 10 that seem fork-shaped, 12 are connected on the central pin shaft 7 on chassis, can rotate around central pin shaft 7, the spike 13 of forked members 10 and 15 and the spike 14 and the 16 opposing parallel ground of forked members 12 extend, form the rotation stop of member 10 and 12, this will be explained hereinafter.

Each all has a Control arm 17,19 rotating member 10,12, and they extend upward between spike 13,15 and 14,16 respectively.Respectively have pin jointed end on the Control arm 17,19, pin jointed end is not detailed in the drawings to be shown, because they are technique known, one first central elastic device 18 is set between two pin jointed end centers, the first central elastic device can be made of an air cylinder or an oil hydraulic cylinder, also can be made of a spring or other springings.Springing 18 preferably has several elastomeric springings by one to be formed, and for example one is equipped with elasticity of gases body-such as air and fixing elastic body-constitute such as the combined cylinders of spring.An example of central elastic device 18 as shown in Figure 5.It is the cylinder of a built-in spring 25, if necessary, can inwardly fill the air inlet body medium by hole 30.Piston 28 is installed hermetically, can be obtained an elastic response.By characteristic and the size of this elastic response, can derive spring or compressed-air actuated elastic curve by means of load.

Another example with several elastomeric springings is made up of oil hydraulic cylinder, and this oil hydraulic cylinder is the theme of disclosures in Italian patent application 60018-A/79 number, and this patent is that the applicant identical with the present invention sended in one's application on October 17th, 1979.

The vibration of central elastic device 18 is absorbed by a bumper as shown in Figure 6.Stretch out two support arms 32,34 beyond the spike 15,16 of vibration member 10,12, bumper 33 is set on support arm.

Can see from Fig. 1 to 4,, be installed in two springs 20 of vibration member 10,12 side supports on the central pin shaft 7 according to the present invention, 22, spring 20,22 is formed leaf spring by one or a few steel plate, therefore, spring 20,22 also can be called " the oval leaf spring of four parted hairs ".Four separately the elasticity of elliptic springs when design, give earlier and determining, and elasticity will be lower than first springing 18, just, first springing 18 is than they easy elastic deformations.In the example shown in the figure, four separately oval leaf spring 20,22 is respectively by two block plate 20a for each, and 20b and 22a, 22b(sees Fig. 3) to form, they are fixed on the member 10,12 by nut 21,23 and nut.

Four separately the free and bearing of oval leaf spring 20,22 on axletree 6,8, and be fixed on the axle by support 24,26.

The part of Fig. 4 illustrates the cross-section structure of member 10,12, and they are installed on the central pin shaft 7 and can rotate around central pin shaft 7.Arrive as seen from the figure, member 10 directly is contained on the central pin shaft 7, insertion element 27 between them, 27 ', they can be relatively rotated, as is known in the art, member 12 is contained on the member 10 rotationally, insert between the member 10 and 12 same element 29,29 ', make between them and can relatively rotate.

The service condition of suspension is as described below:

1, under the load-up condition of minimum (Fig. 2), to the elastic response of institute's applied load:

-mainly provide by first springing 18.If springing 18 is to have several elastomeric elastic bodys according to most preferred embodiment, then its elastic response is followed first elastic curve.

-also can provide by the corresponding initial value of four oval leaf spring 20,22 elastic curves of parted hair, also play the effect of total system elastic hysteresis on-cycle simultaneously.

2, under the medium load condition, (also see Fig. 2), elastic response comprises two individual system, mainly from the central elastic device.If the central elastic device is one to have several elastomeric elastic bodys, then elastic response is followed second elastic curve, simultaneously four separately oval leaf spring 20,22 with very low hunting of frequency.

3, under the maximum load condition, first springing cuts off, in other words in high pressure range along with constantly the reducing of its collapsing length, first springing is to its mechanical trip terminal point operation.Under the situation that Fig. 1 and first springing shown in Figure 3 cut off, member 10 and 12 spike 13,15 and 14,16 are conflicted mutually.

The main portion of elastic response-is promptly kept response unmodified part-from four oval leaf springs 20 separately along with load change is suspended in its whole operating range, 22, promptly arrive the summit of its strokes and when becoming a rigid connector at central elastic body 18, elastic response finally passes on the oval leaf spring 20,22 of four parted hairs.

The service condition of this elastic response system is described for example, at first is divided into three parts and is described, and system is actually by the elastic element continuous action by the size of load.In fact, although reality also can be divided into the vehicle zero load, semi-load, fully loaded three kinds of situations, when the vehicle no-load run passed through a dell, the transient response and the vehicle at full load that produce owing to the external force effect were similar.

This just needs system to have elastic response rapidly, and can not influence the stability of parts.And this only just can obtain under there is the condition of several elastic responses simultaneously in system, these different elastic responses are by realizing under the situation that has different elastomeric some springs and do not arrive its end of run in system, clearly, load is in by in maximum load that can impose on system and the determined operating range of minimum load.

In sum, be according to its major advantage of suspension of the present invention, in the scope of clipping, suspension can provide a residual elasticity value of determining, and this residual elasticity value the time is given in design and being determined earlier, in fact total system is made up of " spring " with different elastic responses, 10,12 effects with package system elastic element of member.

Below a preferred example of the present invention is described, obviously, in same invention thought range, this example also has numerous improvement and variation.

Claims (6)

1, the suspension that is used for power actuated vehicle, this suspension have different elastomeric elastic elements.There is a device on each limit of vehicle, this device includes one first central elastic device, it acts on two and has on the Control arm of pin jointed end, and two members that have Control arm are by central pin shaft supporting on the vehicle chassis, and said member can be around this central pin shaft rotation.It is characterized in that including second springing, said first springing of its elastic ratio is little, it is made of two springs, and this two spring is by supporting connection in the outside of two members of central pin shaft rotation on vehicle chassis, and the free end of said spring is supported on the non-suspender of vehicle.

2, the suspension of motor vehicle that requires according to above-mentioned claim, the spring that it is characterized in that constituting said second springing is two four oval leaf springs separately.

3, the suspension of motor vehicle that requires according to claim 1 is characterized in that said first springing preferably has the elastomeric elastic body of several differences by one and forms.

4, the suspension of motor vehicle that requires according to above-mentioned claim is characterized in that saidly having the elastomeric elastic body of several differences and being made up of a cylinder that a pressure gas and a spring are housed.

5, the suspension of motor vehicle that requires according to claim 1 is characterized in that said member that can center pin rotation on the chassis has a pair of spike respect to one another, and when said first springing arrived the terminal point of its stroke, said spike was conflicted mutually.

6, the suspension of motor vehicle that requires according to above-mentioned claim is characterized in that said member that can central pin shaft rotation on the chassis includes parallel spike respect to one another, and spike is conflicted mutually at the terminal point of its stroke, supports a bumper when opening.

Images