CN85102232A - The lifeboat automatically released self-floating apparatus of meeting an urgent need - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of lifeboat automatically released self-floating apparatus of meeting an urgent need, it ties up device and automatic decoupling device two parts are formed by taking off automatically.When lash ship at sea has an accident and sinks suddenly, this equipment can make lifeboat take off the cable wire of colligation and automatically-unhooked and floating certainly automatically under unmanned situation, thereby chance and possibility that the crewman is rescued have been improved, to ensureing that safety of life at sea plays an important role.

Description

The lifeboat automatically released self-floating apparatus of meeting an urgent need

Detailed content:

The invention belongs to auxiliary equipment on the ship.

Marine at present boat equipment commonly used all is that colligation is on the boat davit of lash ship securely with lifeboat, and water under lifeboat being discharged will have a people to handle and could realize at least.So when marine accident took place suddenly, lifeboat often had little time to discharge down water, thereby caused painful consequence.For example maritime affairs take place and when sinking rapidly, one of the lifeboat on the ship is not released yet in China's " grand celebration 53 " and " Xijiang River " wheel.Therefore, task of the present invention provides a kind ofly sinks at lash ship, pilotlessly puts ship in emergency circumstances, and lifeboat can be taken off the cable wire of colligation automatically and take off lifting hook automatically and reach the equipment of quick released self-floating.

The present invention ties up device and two devices with standalone feature of automatic decoupling device are formed by taking off automatically.

Automatically take off that to tie up the device major function be to solve lifeboat under unmanned situation,, lashing is discharged when the hydrostatic pressure controller on the lash ship sinking seawater immersion boat deck and when reaching certain depth; Also the safety plug turning handle of automatic decoupling device is opened simultaneously, for automatically-unhooked ready.

Automatically take off and tie up device and mainly comprise electric exploder, hasp, lashing, hydrostatic pressure controller and power supply.

Hang on boat davit lifeboat by several roads across lashing it is tied, one of per pass lashing is terminated at the earrings on the lash ship boat deck, the other end is held by the drag-line hook of electric exploder; If electric exploder is installed on below the lifeboat, also the direct cover in two of lashing can be hung on the drag-line hook.Take off when tying up, as long as the upset of the drag-line hook on the electric exploder just can make lashing discharge, tie up action agilely in order to take off, across lashing in the middle of add hasp, hasp is made up of two snapping boards, each snapping board has a boss, its inboard is the inclined-plane, under the effect of pulling force, the snapping board of two correspondences has the trend that is close to relatively, when lashing loses pulling force, spring on the snapping board is pushed two snapping boards open mutually, and lashing is separated.

The shell of electric exploder is one to be fixed in the cylindrical shell on the bearing, and cylindrical shell is a hollow form, and the one end has cock, and other end side has transverse groove.Drag-line hooks the effect of lever, and it is corresponding with the position of transverse groove that its middle part has a pin-and-hole, bolt to pass the side that is loaded on cylindrical shell behind this hole, and the drag-line hook is that fulcrum can be swung between groove with the bolt.Piston can move axially in cylindrical shell, its end has hollow cavity, and this chamber and cock constitute explosion chamber, and electric detonator is placed in the explosion chamber, its other end has cylinder, its side is corresponding with the position of drag-line hook, withstands the tail end of drag-line hook, is processed with transverse groove between the explosion chamber of piston and the cylinder, be used for when piston moves axially, allow the tail end of drag-line hook slip over the cylinder face and to fall into groove, lose holding power and overturn, reach the purpose of decable.

Moving axially of piston is the explosive force that leans on electric detonator, and electric detonator and power supply and hydrostatic pressure controller link.The hydrostatic pressure controller plays on-off action in circuit.Power supply can utilize the emergency cell on the ship, also can be provided with separately.Preferably the water density battery is placed in the hydrostatic pressure controller.The hydrostatic pressure controller can be with having approved product now, and the model of power supply and hydrostatic pressure controller is decided according to the model of electric detonator.

Two automatic decoupling devices respectively are loaded on the initial and tail sections of lifeboat, and its function is to lose when load at eccentric lifting hook, can overturn automatically and slough the suspension hook ring.

Automatic decoupling device mainly comprises eccentric lifting hook, camshaft and turning handle thereof, supporting plate, ends hook plate.Match with eccentric wheel on being fixed in camshaft in eccentric lifting hook hole, camshaft is installed on the two stands plate hole.Eccentric lifting hook, end hook plate, scotch is installed on respectively between the two stands plate, and can rotates.End the upper end of hook plate and the lower end of eccentric lifting hook and adopt the boss location.End the lower end of hook plate and support mutually with scotch, end hook plate and be equivalent to lever on stressed, the rotating shaft at its middle part is exactly a fulcrum.Eccentric lifting hook is at the state of hanging tight, and is subjected to pulling force simultaneously and to the effect of palintrope power.Force camshaft to rotate to palintrope power, thereby make eccentric lifting hook and end the hook plate packing, and fastening force increases with the load of suspension hook.Turning handle is loaded on the end of camshaft.When eccentric lifting hook loses load, camshaft is rotated and eccentric lifting hook is lifted by the weight of turning handle, with end the hook plate back upset that is separated, can connect an extension spring at the turning handle end in order to quicken this process, also can be connected on the camshaft, make eccentric lifting hook turning handle under the state of hanging tight that the effect of initial tension of spring be arranged with a torsion spring.In order to help eccentric lifting hook upset, can connect an extension spring at its back, also can install a torque spring additional in its side, one of torque spring is terminated on the supporting plate, the eccentric lifting hook of another termination has a pretightning force of turning over for the eccentric lifting hook of the state that hangs tight.Scotch and rotating shaft thereof can be rotated together.The scotch rotating shaft of ship head and the tail two automatic decoupling devices all is to be connected to same rotating shaft by universal coupling, and handle is arranged in the rotating shaft, as long as move handle scotch is rotated, and destroys the balance of ending hook plate, allows eccentric lifting hook overturn.Increase manually interlock and break off relations, make the more perfect function of automatic decoupling device.Under the situation that does not need manual simultaneous disengaging gear, can be fixed between the two stands plate ending hook plate, save scotch and rotating shaft thereof etc.

Accompanying drawing 1 is one embodiment of the present of invention.

Utilize original gravity-type davit on the ship, adopt conventional boat hoist, it is constant to play the ship system.Install a crossbeam additional at keel block " people " cabinet frame inner top, four leading blocks be housed on crossbeam, corresponding to the tail of lifeboat, middle back, in before, stem.Be welded with four and connect earrings on the lifesaving deck, corresponding with four leading blocks, initial and tail sections respectively is equipped with automatic decoupling device one cover on the lifeboat, two eccentric lifting hook mouth subtends.The weight of lifeboat is mainly passed on the boat block by the suspension hook ring by eccentric lifting hook.After lifeboat is sling, have respectively the horizontal tail of tying up lifeboat of four roads (six sections) lashing, middle back, in before, stem, four earrings on the lifesaving deck connect the lashing that there is wire tensioner four ends respectively, the lashing of head and the tail twice joins in the safety plug turning handle punishment section of corresponding two automatic decoupling devices of lifeboat respectively, two ends, junction folding also is hung on the turning handle of safety plug from connection back cover, and the strength of both sides lashing is passed through the transmission of safety plug turning handle.The left side lashing of ship tail is the safety plug turning handle from fixed lug to ship afterbody automatic decoupling device; The right lashing of tail from the safety plug turning handle to the tail leading block to draw ring, pass back leading block in the ship then and stride the ship postmedian and snap onto earrings on the lifesaving deck on ship larboard limit.Before in the lifeboat, the colligation of stem and above-mentioned similar.Same draw ring is passed in two sections lashings on lifeboat the right.Draw ring is strained by a steel wire that is hung on electro explosive device drag-line hook, at the turning of steel wire one pulley is housed, and electro explosive device is fixed in the midship lind, and the lifeboat that another drag-line hook of electro explosive device is used for starboard takes off the tying-up system automatically.

Adopt 2 YPK-3 type hydrostatic pressure controllers, be installed in respectively in two watertight casees, its water inlet is in the outside of watertight case, in order to prevent the misoperation of hydrostatic pressure controller, install a labyrinth box additional in each water inlet, two watertight casees and labyrinth box are arranged in two lifesaving deck plane gunnels about lash ship.The setting of hydrostatic pressure controller (operating pressure is decided as required) is 0.2Kg/cm ², be serially connected with after the lead parallel connection of limit, the ship left and right sides two hydrostatic pressure controllers on the tie between electric exploder and power supply.If cover electric exploder and a hydrostatic pressure controller is used to control a lifeboat, then as long as two leads of hydrostatic pressure controller are serially connected with a lead between electric exploder and power supply.Lead is layered in the pipe in addition shielding protection, and power supply adopts six volts of dry cells, is installed in the watertight case of hydrostatic pressure controller.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the enforcement figure of snapping board.Every group of hasp is made up of the snapping board of two correspondences, when the lashing tension, inclined-plane on the snapping board (4) can make two snapping boards towards the direction packing that is close to relatively, and spring cup (1) is pressed in the hasp plate body because of stressed, and spring has pretightning force, when the electric exploder action, when lashing was loosened, the spring handle spring cup jack-up in the hasp plate body was pushed two snapping boards that match open, lashing is separated, so that lifeboat hightails lash ship.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the enforcement figure of electric exploder.Form by cock lid (1), cock (2), cylindrical shell (3), electric detonator (4), piston (5), turret head screw rod (6), hex nut (7), pin (8), location spiral cover (9), drag-line hook (10), bearing (11).Cylindrical shell (3) is a hollow form, and the one end has internal thread, and other end top center is drilled with an aperture, and the cylindrical shell both sides radially have one and penetrate groove, and every groove both sides are welded with two earrings, and drag-line hook (10) is loaded on the earrings with hexagonal screw rod (6).Piston (5) can move axially in cylindrical shell, and it is constituting awl cylinder explosion chamber near electric detonator (4) one sides and cock (2).Electric detonator and explosion chamber parallelization, the other end of piston is processed with groove, cylinder and stock, and enough positions are left on the right of cylindrical shell allows piston move.Under normal circumstances, the cylinder of top land is just in time corresponding with the drag-line hook, withstands two drag-line hook lower ends, and the drag-line hook can not be turned over.The drag-line hook can rotate around hexagonal screw rod (6), and lashing can directly be hung on the drag-line hook, is hung on the drag-line hook with a drag-line after also can will stringing near two lashings of electric exploder with a draw ring again.Cock lid (1) is with being threadedly connected in the cock (2), and cock (2) is also with being threadedly connected in the cylindrical shell.Screw thread should have enough intensity, stands the impact of electric detonator explosion time.For convenience, electric detonator is placed in cock and covers.Its available engineering electric detonator.Consider the degree of lifeboat weight and lashing tighten, and the influence of cylindrical shell and piston space frictional force, adopt No. 8 electric detonators for well.When the electric detonator explosion time, blast is pushed into piston the other end of cylindrical shell, at this moment lean on the bottom of two drag-line hooks of top land cylinder support, fall into piston groove, lost support, drag-line is hooked in the effect upset down of lashing pulling force, and the camber of lashing hook upper end can get loose lashing when just in time making its upset.For the ease of using, when restoring, the location cock on the available hand propelled top land stock makes piston get back to original position.

Accompanying drawing 4 is implemented figure for automatic decoupling device.The initial and tail sections of lifeboat is respectively adorned a cover.Every cover automatic decoupling device by safety plug (1), copper sheathing (2), turning handle (3), iron wire (4), eccentric lifting hook (5), flange bearing (6), camshaft (7), eccentric lifting hook hole copper sheathing (8), suspension hook extension spring (9), watertight case (10), end hook plate (11), scotch (12), pulley (13), supporting plate (14), turning handle extension spring (15) and form.The safety plug turning handle can be done 360 ° of rotations at horizontal plane, one side of safety plug bottom has a small boss, be used for retaining and hang turning handle (3), make turning handle before small boss does not have turn-off, can be to lower swing, guarantee eccentric lifting hook and the reliable location of ending hook plate, an end of turning handle (3) has a square hole to match with camshaft (7), and turning handle can be rotated with camshaft.Eccentric lifting hook (5), end hook plate (11), scotch (12) respectively with camshaft, end hook plate rotating shaft (16), scotch rotation (17) is installed on the two stands plate (14).For reducing the upset resistance of eccentric lifting hook, between it and camshaft, copper sheathing (8) is housed.Distance between the two stands plate with eccentric lifting hook, end hook plate, scotch can freely rotate and be as the criterion, the thickness of supporting plate is decided according to ship weight.Lifeboat weight under the suspension hook state is mainly born by supporting plate (14), and the end of supporting plate is to be connected for good with the ship keel.Camshaft is made up of eccentric wheel and axle, and preferably one processes, and eccentric throw is C, and it is installed on the supporting plate with flange bearing.For the ease of turning handle (3) is installed, the length of camshaft (7) can be lengthened to two ends can stretch out watertight case (11), loads onto turning handle, nut at an end of camshaft, does not adorn the direct loading nut of an end of turning handle, to prevent moving axially of camshaft.The top that the watertight case can be welded into funnel-form with iron plate, end hook plate (11) has a groove, and that it is become is forked, and the boss of eccentric lifting hook bottom is located on the groove of hook plate only.Hook plate is motionless ending, and before eccentric lifting hook did not lift, eccentric lifting hook can not swing.End hook plate groove foreland height h≤a+r- $\sqrt{r{}^2\mathrm{-a}{}^2}$ +f。Wherein a, f are respectively the level and the vertical ranges of the camshaft axle center and the eccentric lifting hook hole heart.R is eccentric radius.The size of f has influence on the torque reaction of camshaft.Excessive in order to prevent camshaft torque reaction under eccentric lifting hook active force, make the turning handle counter-rotating excessively, can be processed with a stop bit boss in the eccentric wheel side, have one section garden arc groove in the corresponding position of supporting plate, position-limiting action is played to boss in the end of groove.The length of this section garden arc groove can be lifted upset with eccentric lifting hook; When hanging tight, turning handle end and safety plug lower end small boss have little gap to be advisable.The back bank that ends hook plate is unsuitable too high, with guarantee not lift at eccentric lifting hook, during the scotch turn-off, eccentric lifting hook can be turned over.Ending the bottom of hook plate supports mutually with scotch.Scotch is installed in the scotch rotating shaft with keyway, and this rotating shaft can connect with manual simultaneous disengaging gear by universal coupling as required, and under automatic situation, scotch is motionless.In order to guarantee the tilting force of eccentric lifting hook, can load onto suspension hook extension spring (9) behind at it, the one end is fixed on the eccentric lifting hook, and the other end is connected on the watertight case.Turning handle extension spring (15) is used to strain turning handle, also can be loaded on the camshaft with torque spring, gets for extension spring (15), makes turning handle that one pretightning force of changeing be arranged downwards.When the safety plug turning handle was opened, the auxiliary camshaft of moment extension spring that loses load at eccentric lifting hook rotated and eccentric lifting hook is lifted.When eccentric lifting hook is lifted to camshaft axle center and the eccentric lifting hook hole heart on same horizontal line, promptly during f=0,, then can add the speed of pelican hook if having pulling force to act on the lifting hook again.The auxiliary pulling force that turning handle, extension spring (15) and suspension hook extension spring (9) have in fact been arranged just can make eccentric lifting hook in the moment that loses load upset unhook rapidly.

The scotch rotating shaft is with after manual linkage apparatus connects, as long as the rotation manual co-acting lever will make the scotch turn-off, at this moment, end hook plate and eccentric lifting hook and can rotate around rotating shaft separately automatically, thereby break off relations, this situation is usually used in having under people's manipulation situation, and lifeboat is discharged rapidly at the nearly water surface.

Advantage of the present invention is in pilotless situation of putting ship, and lifeboat can automatic trip be tied up and broken off relations and certainly floating. This device action sensitivity, electric detonation noise are lower than 90dB(1 meter distant place); Safe and reliable, simple in structure, good economy performance. Experiment showed, that using lifeboat of the present invention can both successfully finish automatic trip under any heeling condition ties up the action of breaking off relations.

The present invention also available changable ties up, and manually interlock is broken off relations. Manually interlock is broken off relations lifeboat is discharged at the nearly water surface. The transformation of lifeboat on the most suitable spot ship of the present invention makes it have the function of emergent automatically released self-floating. Original lifeboat is open type, also can reach the purpose of its emergent automatically released self-floating behind application the present invention, if add closing cap, makes it become the sealing ship, and then effect is better.

The present invention is not subjected to the impact of human factor, can make the lifeboat automatically released self-floating, therefore, when casualty takes place, has improved chance and possibility that the crewman is rescued, to ensureing that safety of life at sea plays an important role.

Claims (21)

1, a kind of lifeboat takes off automatically and ties up device, comprises lashing, it is characterized in that electric exploder is arranged, hydrostatic pressure controller and power supply.The cylindrical shell of described electric exploder is a hollow form, and the one end has cock, and piston can move axially in cylindrical shell, and an end of piston has hollow cavity, and this chamber and cock constitute explosion chamber, and electric detonator is placed in the explosion chamber.The cylinder of piston crown is corresponding with the position of drag-line hook.The drag-line hook is loaded on bearing pin in the groove of cylindrical shell side, and the tail end of drag-line hook withstands by the side of piston crown cylinder, and the drag-line hook can not be turned over.Middle of piston is processed with groove, is used for when piston moves axially, and allows the tail end of drag-line hook slip over column side face and falls into groove, loses holding power and overturns, and reaches and sloughs lashing.The horizontal lifeboat of tying up of multiple tracks lashing is by the drag-line hook of electric exploder, with the lifeboat tighten.Described hydrostatic pressure controller and power supply and electric detonator connect with lead.

2, take off automatically according to the 1. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that having hasp to be connected to the centre of lashing, said hasp is made up of two snapping boards, each snapping board has a boss, its inboard is the inclined-plane, the inclined-plane of two snapping boards is corresponding, the tension masterpiece time spent, the trend of drawing close is relatively arranged.

3, take off automatically according to the 2. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that spring and spring cup are housed in the described snapping board, be convenient to lose pulling force and do the time spent, can rapidly two snapping boards be pushed open at hasp.

4, take off automatically according to the 1. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, the hollow cavity that it is characterized in that the piston of electric exploder is a frustum shape.

5, take off automatically according to the 4. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that in the cock of electric exploder spiral cover being arranged, so that the dress electric detonator.Cock covers and is installed with the lead that the hole is used to draw electric detonator, and electric detonator is inserted in cock and covers.

6, take off automatically according to the 5. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that the piston crown of electric exploder has a stock to stretch out outside the cylindrical shell, be used for resetting of piston.

7, take off automatically according to the 1. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that one of per pass lashing is terminated on the lash ship body, the other end is by the drag-line hook tension of electric exploder.

8, take off automatically according to the 7. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that described lashing connects with earrings on the lash ship body by wire tensioner, so that regulate the length of lashing.

9, take off automatically according to the 8. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that having in the described lashing safety plug turning handle of twice and automatic decoupling device to link, make lifeboat, the safety plug turning handle of automatic decoupling device is opened taking off when tying up.

10, take off automatically according to the 1. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that described lashing is made up of four roads.Have the twice lashing to punish section at the automatic decoupling device safety plug of ship initial and end portion, lashing end folding also is hung on the safety plug turning handle behind connection, and the twice lashing of preceding, middle back is in the segmentation of ship gunnel in the ship, and two ends respectively are connected on two snapping boards of hasp.Four ends of four road lashings are connected to the lash ship body, and four ends are respectively by on the drag-line hook that is hung on electric exploder behind the leading block in addition.

11, take off automatically according to the 1. described lifeboat of claim and tie up device, it is characterized in that described hydrostatic pressure controller is loaded in the labyrinth box, in case misoperation during sea beat.

12, according to the 1. described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim, it is characterized in that said electric exploder is installed on below the lifeboat, the two ends of per pass lashing are hung on the drag-line hook of electric exploder, and lifeboat is tied.

13, a kind of lifeboat automatic decoupling device is characterized in that eccentric lifting hook is loaded on the camshaft, and camshaft is installed on the two stands plate hole; End hook plate and be loaded between the two stands plate, adopt the boss location with eccentric lifting hook lower end; End at camshaft is equipped with turning handle.Described camshaft has eccentric wheel, and eccentric wheel can lift eccentric lifting hook when rotating camshaft, and with only hook plate disengagement, eccentric lifting hook can rotate around eccentric wheel.

14,, it is characterized in that said hook plate groove foreland and the eccentric lifting hook bottom boss contact height of ending according to the described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim (13) $\mathrm{h\le }\sqrt{a{}^2\mathrm{+f}{}^2}\mathrm{+r-}\sqrt{r{}^2\mathrm{-a}{}^2}\mathrm{+f}$ 。

15, according to the described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim (14), it is characterized in that having a safety plug, can play restriction maintenance effect turning handle.One turning handle is arranged at described safety plug top, and there is a small boss lower end, is used for retaining and hangs turning handle.

16, according to the described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim (15), it is characterized in that described turning handle, its end is connected to an extension spring, makes turning handle that pretightning force be arranged when the suspension hook state.One of extension spring is terminated on the hull.

17,, it is characterized in that camshaft is installed on the two stands plate hole by bearing, to reduce camshaft pivoting friction resistance according to the described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim (13).

18, according to the described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim (17), it is characterized in that there is a positive stop lug boss described eccentric wheel side, have on the described supporting plate and the corresponding garden of positive stop lug boss arc groove, be used to limit eccentric excessive counter-rotating.

19, according to the described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim (18), it is characterized in that the described hook plate that ends can rotate around self rotating shaft, the lower end of ending hook plate has a scotch to support mutually with it.

20,, it is characterized in that having an axle sleeve to be loaded between eccentric wheel and eccentric lifting hook according to the described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim (13).

21, according to the described lifeboat automatic decoupling device of claim (13), it is characterized in that on the said eccentric lifting hook back groove being arranged, the top of groove is connected to an extension spring, and the other end of extension spring is fixed on hull or the watertight case, is used for the upset of auxiliary eccentric lifting hook.

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