CN2927012Y - Simple femtosecond pulse real-time measuring instrument - Google Patents

Simple femtosecond pulse real-time measuring instrument Download PDF

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Publication number
CN2927012Y
CN2927012Y CN 200620044119 CN200620044119U CN2927012Y CN 2927012 Y CN2927012 Y CN 2927012Y CN 200620044119 CN200620044119 CN 200620044119 CN 200620044119 U CN200620044119 U CN 200620044119U CN 2927012 Y CN2927012 Y CN 2927012Y
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light
pulse
crystal
angle
time measuring
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郑留念
朱健强
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Abstract

The utility model provides a simple and easy real-time measuring apparatu of femto second pulse, is an utilize the direct electric field of ultrashort pulse spectrum phase coherence to rebuild the method measuring device, comprises half-wave plate, quartz crystal, beam expanding device, wide-angle fresnel biprism, thick nonlinear crystal, diaphragm, spectrum appearance, CCD detector and computer, the utility model has the advantages of get rid of femto second pulse grating widening device, real-time measurement, auto-collimation and light path are adjusted conveniently, compact structure, measurement accuracy height and with low costs.

Description

Flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument
Technical field
The utility model relates to femto-second laser pulse, particularly a kind of flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of ultrashort laser pulse technology, the ultrashort pulse that now can produce several femtoseconds.Ultrashort and the superpower characteristic of femto-second laser pulse makes it in physics, chemistry, and biology, medical science, and industrial circle is widely used, femto-second laser pulse is the strong instrument of research ultrafast phenomena and various non-linear phenomenas; Simultaneously, phase place and the accurate measurement of intensity to femtosecond pulse can promote the improvement of pulse generating unit and femtosecond pulse application more reliably.
The pulse width of femtosecond laser is 10 -15Second-time, surpassed the response time scope that electrical method is measured, so generally adopt indirect measurement method, the light distribution of measuring the interference light second harmonic by the interference of two-beam pulse, and calculate the pulse width of tested femto-second laser pulse by the light distribution of second harmonic.The femto-second laser pulse measuring method has a variety of, mainly contain two kinds of methods at present in the world: direct electric field reconstruction method (spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-fieldreconstruction is concerned with in the spectrum position, be called for short the SPIDER method) [referring to technology 1 " Spectral phase interferometryfor direct electric-field reconstruction of ultrashort optical pulses " C.Iaconis formerly, A.Walmsley, Optics Letters, Vol.23 Issue 10 1998] and frequency resolution optical shoulder rotation (frequency-resolved optical gating, be designated hereinafter simply as the FROG method) [referring to technology 2 " Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain usingfrequency-Resolved optical Gating " Rick Trebino formerly, Kenneth W.DeLong etc., Review Science Instrument, Vol.68 Issue9 1997].
Fig. 1 is the measurement mechanism of the relevant direct electric field reconstruction method in existing femtosecond pulse spectrum position.The relevant direct electric field reconstruction method measurement mechanism basic structure in femtosecond pulse spectrum position is that femtosecond pulse is divided into two bundles by semi-transparent semi-reflecting beam splitter, and wherein a branch of as surveying light, another is restrainted by apparatus for widen broadenings such as gratings.And will be divided into two bundles once more by beam splitter as the light beam of surveying, regulate micropositioner and introduce a time delay τ, and then allow two-beam and broadening light beam on nonlinear crystal, produce frequency inverted synchronously, second harmonic light beam after the conversion forms interferogram, by spectrometer and ccd detector record interference image, view data is introduced in the computer program that writes, program arrives time domain with the frequency field strength signal inverse fourier transform of input, and interferogram divides for three different pieces that separated by pulse delay τ on time domain.The intermediate dc part does not contain phase information, thereby can be by the gaussian filtering function more than the quadravalence to containing the t=+ τ AC portion filtering of phase information.The alternating component that leaches is fourier transformed into frequency domain again, gets argument and must arrive phasic difference, deduct the phasic difference that this phasic difference neutral line item just obtains two light beams, be connected in series mutually, just can obtain the position phase of femtosecond pulse by the position.If time delay τ is zero, this moment, interference image did not have frequency to shear, and can directly obtain the intensity of incident femto-second laser pulse.The relevant direct electric field reconstruction method in spectrum position will guarantee a pulse by complicated stretcher broadening, and therefore device is complicated, the cost height.Simultaneously catoptron is a lot of as seen from Figure 1, require temporal synchronously, increased light path and regulated difficulty.Because the phase matching bandwidth requirement adopts extremely thin second harmonic crystal, the processing more complicated, price is very high.Thereby common SPIDER method complicated operation not only, and price comparison costliness.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is exactly the deficiency that will remedy the relevant direct electric field reconstruction method in above-mentioned existing spectrum position, a kind of flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument is provided, and this instrument should have that real-time measurement, autocollimation and light path are easy to adjust, compact conformation, measuring accuracy height and the low advantage of cost.
Technical solution of the present utility model is as follows:
A kind of flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument, its formation is that working direction along light beam to be measured is successively by half-wave plate, quartz crystal, beam splitter, beam expander, wide-angle Fresnel double prism, the linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable, diaphragm, spectrometer, ccd detector and computing machine constitute, its position relation is: when the ultrashort pulsed beam to be measured of a horizontal polarization impinges perpendicularly on the described half-wave plate, this half-wave plate is divided into the e light with horizontal polarization and the o light of vertical polarization with ultrashort pulsed beam, the described slow axis of two polarized lights process with different polarization direction is that the quartz crystal of horizontal direction will produce the chromatic dispersion delay, through inciding after first mirror reflects on the described beam splitter, beam splitting is that angle is 90 ° a two-beam line: folded light beam directly enters described beam expander, transmitted light beam enters described beam expander abreast with folded light beam after second mirror reflects, two outgoing beam light path differences of this beam expander, produce and postpone the back and restraint directional light outgoing abreast with two of incident, this parallel outgoing beam incides and forms the light beam that two low-angles intersect on the described wide-angle Fresnel double prism, this two intersect light beam in the described linear crystal center of being altogether unjustifiable through frequency-doubled conversion, the two bundle second harmonic emergent lights that produce with delay, pass through diaphragm, incide at last on the described spectrometer and form interference image, by described ccd detector record, deliver to computing machine then and carry out data processing.
Described ultrashort laser pulse is the pulse of titanium jewel oscillator output, and its width requirement is greater than 70 femtoseconds.
Described beam expander is made of two orthogonal plane of reflection mirrors.
The drift angle of described wide-angle Fresnel double prism is between 179 ° to 179.6 °, and thickness is lower than 3mm, and material is a fused quartz.
The described linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable is a potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal.
The light group velocity Attack delay that described quartz crystal is different to the polarization direction.The time delay of the two-beam that beam splitter separates be since after the two-beam beam split through the delay on the different generation times of the light path of outgoing behind the parallel beam expand device.Light beam forms two beam convergence light through wide-angle Fresnel double prism, and according to selecting the prism vertex angle difference, angle is 0.2 ° to 0.5 ° between the two-beam line, frequency-doubled conversion on the linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable, by diaphragm by spectrometer and ccd detector imaging.
The course of work is as follows:
When the ultra-short pulse laser of a branch of horizontal polarization to be measured incides on the half-wave plate, half-wave plate forms light beam the light with horizontal direction and vertical direction polarization, two bundle polarized lights form polarized light and separate after the quartz crystal chromatic dispersion, and the relative o light of e light produces and postpones.Incide through catoptron that to be split up into two angles that are equal to of bundle on the beam splitter be 90 ° light, two-beam is parallel enter beam expander and expand bundle after, outgoing is the directional light that relative time delay is arranged.Reenter and be mapped on the wide-angle Fresnel double prism, this wide-angle Fresnel double prism is assembled the light beam low-angle, two intersect light beams on the linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable with the second class phase matching mode frequency-doubled conversion, have frequency to shear between the second harmonic after the conversion.By the interference image of diaphragm acquisition second harmonic spectrum, spectrometer and ccd detector record acquisition send Computer Processing again.
The utility model is a flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument, adopts the relevant direct electric field reconstruction method in spectrum position, and its principle of work is described as follows:
This instrument adopts the non-linear frequency-doubling crystal of big thickness.Light beam will make o light and e light produce the group velocity delay after passing through the big nonlinear crystal of thickness, and by the predelay effect of described quartz crystal, thereby the delay o light and the e light that can compensate two polarized lights carry out efficient frequency-doubled conversion.Light beam with two polarization directions, because phase matching effect (phase matching function), the described linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable allows the o light of conversion that the above coupling bandwidth of 10nm can be arranged, and e light can be thought monochromatic light only less than the coupling bandwidth of 1nm.Two-beam after the therefore described beam expander expansion, o light in each bundle light and monochromatic e light produce second harmonic with the second class phase matching mode frequency-doubled conversion.When the two-beam that incides nonlinear crystal had certain included angle, the phase matching angle of light beam was slightly different, and the bundle of two after frequency multiplication second harmonic light has shearing on frequency, i.e. the centre frequency difference of the second harmonic light after the frequency-doubled conversion.Simultaneously, two bundle second harmonic light also have time delay, thereby will form interference image.Interference image is sent into Computer Analysis and is calculated through described spectrometer and ccd detector record, thereby obtains the intensity and the phase place of incident beam.
This instrument adopts described wide-angle Fresnel biprism, selects different biprism drift angles, can make the two-beam that incides on the crystal have 0.2 ° to 0.5 ° intersecting angle automatically, and the different frequencies that form in the second harmonic frequency center after the frequency-doubled conversion are sheared.
Technique effect of the present utility model is as follows:
1, the utility model utilization linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable is different with the coupling bandwidth of e optical sccond-harmonic generation conversion to the different o light of polarization state, has replaced the beam broadening dispersion means of grating pair, and light path is easy, and element is few, and cost is low.
2, core of the present utility model is to adopt the linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable, and is easy to realize the generation of second harmonic.Owing to adopt the linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable to replace thin crystal, can reduce the requirement of incident pulse intensity, have measuring accuracy height, advantage that cost is low.
3, the utility model adopts wide-angle Fresnel double prism, automatically produce the be complementary deviation angle of cutting angle of light beam incident direction and nonlinear crystal position, the frequency that forms second harmonic is sheared, be easy to realize the aplanatism of pulse, be easy to generate stable interference fringe, its thickness to the influence of measurement result less than 0.5%.Instrument reaches the autocollimation effect, and can measure in real time, has the measuring accuracy height, compact conformation, the advantage that light path is easy to adjust.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the measurement mechanism structural representation of the relevant direct electric field reconstruction method in existing spectrum position.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the utility model flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
See also Fig. 2 earlier, Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument embodiment.As seen from the figure, the formation of the utility model flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument is: the working direction along light beam to be measured comprises half-wave plate 9 successively, quartz crystal 10, beam splitter 1, beam expander 13, wide-angle Fresnel double prism 14, the linear crystal 15 of being altogether unjustifiable, diaphragm 16, spectrometer 7, ccd detector 8 and computing machine 17, its position relation is: when the ultrashort pulsed beam to be measured of a horizontal polarization impinges perpendicularly on the described half-wave plate 9, this half-wave plate 9 is divided into the e light with horizontal polarization and the o light of vertical polarization with ultrashort pulsed beam, the described slow axis of light beam process with different polarization direction is that 10 liang of polarized lights of quartz crystal of horizontal direction postpone chromatic dispersion, after 11 reflections of first catoptron, incide on the described beam splitter 1, beam splitting is that angle is 90 ° a two-beam line: folded light beam directly enters described beam expander 13, transmitted light beam enters described beam expander 13 abreast with folded light beam after 12 reflections of second catoptron, two outgoing beam light path differences of this beam expander 13, produce and postpone the back and restraint the parallel outgoing of directional lights with two of incident, this parallel outgoing beam incides and forms the light beam that two low-angles intersect on the described wide-angle Fresnel double prism 14, this two intersect light beam in described linear crystal 15 centers of being altogether unjustifiable through frequency-doubled conversion, the two bundle second harmonic emergent lights that produce with delay, by diaphragm 16, incide at last on the described spectrometer 7 and form interference image, by described ccd detector 8 records, deliver to computing machine 17 then and carry out data processing.In the present embodiment:
Described ultrashort laser pulse is the pulse of titanium jewel oscillator output, and its width requirement is greater than 70 femtoseconds.
Described quartz crystal 10 is a 14mm length, crystal slow axis horizontal positioned.
The described beam splitter 1 and second catoptron 12, making light be divided into angle through beam splitter is 90 ° two-beam, the distance of two mirrors makes two-beam have temporal carryover effects, regulates the back and selects time-delay 3 psecs.
Described beam expander 13 is made of two vertical plane mirrors.
The angle of described wide-angle Fresnel double prism 14 is 179 ° 20 ", thickness is 3mm, material is a fused quartz.
The described linear crystal 15 of being altogether unjustifiable is potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal, and promptly thickness is KDP (the potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH of 2cm 2PO 4, be called for short KDP) and crystal.
Consider the ultrashort pulse centre wavelength 830nm that the output of titanium jewel (Ti:Sapphire) oscillator obtains, the situation of time domain width 70 femtoseconds.The femtosecond pulse of tested horizontal polarization is divided into the polarized light (being e light and o light) of level and vertical direction polarization by half-wave plate 9, the light of different polarization direction is through slow axis quartz crystal 10 chromatic dispersions in the horizontal direction, the light group velocity difference of light beam on two polarization directions that produces, the relative o light of e light 450 femtoseconds of delaying time.Light beam is by beam splitter 1 beam split, and the light path difference of the parallel two-beam of process beam expander 13 back outgoing has time delay, determines that by the distance of the beam splitter 1 and second catoptron 12 regulating time-delay is 3 psecs.Two-beam is assembled by wide-angle Fresnel double prism 14 low-angles, and the angle of two intersection light beams of convergence is 20 ".The o light that every Shu Guang comprises because the different of nonlinear crystal 15 coupling bandwidth can be regarded o light and the conversion of monochromatic e optical sccond-harmonic generation as, produces a branch of second harmonic light with e light.What conversion was adopted is the second class phase matching mode, and the phase matching angle of nonlinear crystal is cut into 68 °.Because light beam incides the angle difference of nonlinear crystal, the phase matching angle of nonlinear crystal is slightly different, thereby makes the different frequencies that form in two bundle second harmonic light frequency centers after the conversion shear.Two second harmonic light beams with frequency shearing and time delay can pass through spectrometer 7 and ccd detector 8 real-time monitored regulating effects through diaphragms 16 generation interference images; According to the frequency shearing of the second harmonic light beam after the conversion and the phase matching requirement of nonlinear crystal, the drift angle of the Fresnel double prism of selection is at 179 ° 20 ", thickness is 3mm, selects the low fused silica material of chromatic dispersion for use.Nonlinear crystal thickness is KDP crystal (the potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH of 2cm 2PO 4, be called for short KDP), it can satisfy the requirement of the coupling bandwidth of e light and o light; Have very high conversion efficiency of second harmonic simultaneously, can measure more weak femtosecond pulse light, so crystal 15 adopts the KDP crystal as the frequency inverted crystal.
The utility model adopts the linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable to realize the ultrashort laser pulse photo measure, this crystal is to the coupling bandwidth difference of the light requirement of different polarization states, can remove the grating stretching device, realize having the frequency-doubled conversion requirement of the light beam of the light beam of certain bandwidth and approximate monochromatic easily; The linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable has been eliminated traditional crystal thickness to the influence that incident intensity requires and second harmonic produces efficient, has reduced the requirement of strength of measuring pulse.And owing to adopt wide-angle Fresnel double prism not need repeatedly to regulate, can realize the be complementary angle of cutting angle of incident beam and crystal position, make the frequency of second harmonic shear generation easily, can the autocollimatic direct join realize measuring in real time, and less than 0.5%, so instrument has easy adjusting simple in structure, precision height, advantage that cost is low to biprism thickness to measurement result influence.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument, it is characterized in that comprising half-wave plate (9) successively along the working direction of light beam to be measured, quartz crystal (10), beam splitter (1), beam expander (13), wide-angle Fresnel double prism (14), the linear crystal (15) of being altogether unjustifiable, diaphragm (16), spectrometer (7), ccd detector (8) and computing machine (17), its position relation is: when the ultrashort pulsed beam to be measured of a horizontal polarization impinges perpendicularly on the described half-wave plate (9), this half-wave plate (9) is divided into the e light with horizontal polarization and the o light of vertical polarization with ultrashort pulsed beam, the described slow axis of light beam process with different polarization direction is that quartz crystal (10) two polarized lights of horizontal direction postpone chromatic dispersion, after first catoptron (11) reflection, incide on the described beam splitter (1), beam splitting is that angle is 90 ° a two-beam line: folded light beam directly enters described beam expander (13), transmitted light beam enters described beam expander (13) abreast with folded light beam after second catoptron (12) reflection, the two outgoing beam light path differences of this beam expander (13), produce delay and restraint the parallel outgoing of directional lights with two of incident, this parallel outgoing beam incides described wide-angle Fresnel double prism (14) and goes up the light beam that forms two low-angles intersection, this two intersect light beam in the described linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable (15) center through frequency-doubled conversion, the two bundle second harmonic emergent lights that produce with delay, by diaphragm (16), incide described spectrometer (7) at last and go up the formation interference image, by described ccd detector (8) record, deliver to computing machine (17) then and carry out data processing.
2, flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that described ultrashort laser pulse is the pulse of titanium jewel oscillator output, and its width requirement is greater than 70 femtoseconds.
3, flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that described beam expander (13) is made of two orthogonal plane of reflection mirrors.
4, flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument according to claim 1, the drift angle that it is characterized in that described wide-angle Fresnel double prism (14) is between 179 ° to 179.6 °, and thickness is lower than 3mm, and material is a fused quartz.
5, flying second pulse simple real-time measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described linear crystal of being altogether unjustifiable (15) is a potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal.
CN 200620044119 2006-07-21 2006-07-21 Simple femtosecond pulse real-time measuring instrument Expired - Fee Related CN2927012Y (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100451582C (en) * 2006-07-21 2009-01-14 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Simple femtosecond pulse real-time measuring instrument
CN102313605A (en) * 2011-07-15 2012-01-11 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Method and device for measuring self-referenced spectral interference femtosecond laser pulse in real time
CN103293130A (en) * 2013-05-23 2013-09-11 山西大学 Digital type Rayleigh interferometer
CN107677379A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-02-09 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 A kind of femto-second laser pulse waveform meter
CN107782456A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-03-09 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 A kind of ultrashort laser pulse measurement apparatus

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100451582C (en) * 2006-07-21 2009-01-14 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Simple femtosecond pulse real-time measuring instrument
CN102313605A (en) * 2011-07-15 2012-01-11 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Method and device for measuring self-referenced spectral interference femtosecond laser pulse in real time
CN102313605B (en) * 2011-07-15 2013-08-14 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Method and device for measuring self-referenced spectral interference femtosecond laser pulse in real time
CN103293130A (en) * 2013-05-23 2013-09-11 山西大学 Digital type Rayleigh interferometer
CN107677379A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-02-09 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 A kind of femto-second laser pulse waveform meter
CN107782456A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-03-09 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 A kind of ultrashort laser pulse measurement apparatus
CN107677379B (en) * 2017-09-30 2023-06-09 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Femtosecond laser pulse waveform measuring device

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