CN2903971Y - Measurement analyzer for liquid surface interface dynamic characters based on high-speed image process - Google Patents
Measurement analyzer for liquid surface interface dynamic characters based on high-speed image process Download PDFInfo
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- CN2903971Y CN2903971Y CN 200620103753 CN200620103753U CN2903971Y CN 2903971 Y CN2903971 Y CN 2903971Y CN 200620103753 CN200620103753 CN 200620103753 CN 200620103753 U CN200620103753 U CN 200620103753U CN 2903971 Y CN2903971 Y CN 2903971Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a fluid interface dynamic characteristic analyzer based on the high-speed image processing, which comprises a universal platform. The adopted technical measures include: the universal platform which is equipped with an assembled structures modularized optical system, a video imaging system; a precision positioning and accuracy adding liquid injection control system, a sample rotating platform, a cold monochrome LED light source and a computer control dimming control system and the embedded in a cabinet of control component. The utility model use the latest computer image processing technology to make a comprehensive study and an integration on the different methods of measuring technique; based on the concept of the structure module, a measuring apparatus has been developed to meet a set of flexible hanging drop method, the seat drop method, and the oscillation drop and liquid bridges droplet of four different measurement methods. The equipment has the characteristics of 'compact, portable, universal', multi-function, high-speed, low-cost and high-precision, which can make a high-reliability automatic measurement and has wide applicability.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to scientific analysis instrument, detecting instrument field, relates in particular to the measuring analyzer for dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface of handling based on high speed image.
Background technology
In the surface and interface scientific domain, it is very important measuring characteristics such as the extravagant wettability of fluid/liquid surface and interface tension force, free energy, contact angle and analysis, stickiness and adsorption process, can be widely used in scientific research, specialty research and development, and different field such as manufacturing, surface treatment, quality control: such as nanometer material science and the engineering research focus that become international, when the surface modification of research nano material, often to relate to this notion of moisten contact angle.
The experimental technique of characteristics such as present modal surface tension can be divided into three major types:
1., sedimentation balance method: the power (thin plate, the annulus that act on a certain solid surface by measurement, geometric shapes such as right cylinder) come the gauging surface interfacial tension, the benefit of these class methods is not need to measure in addition density of liquid, shortcoming is required amount of liquid big (more than tens milliliters), and data stability, degree of accuracy are just poor; Solid surface is each will to carry out cleaning before measuring, and need carry out the correction of instrument often, must guarantee the institute's liquid of surveying energy complete wetting solid surface (being that contact angle is 0), owing to the balance precision of use is very high, so usually need the stabilization time than length; Realize that the measurement under the High Temperature High Pressure is relatively more difficult, be not suitable for some full-bodied liquid (as higher cementing agent of molecular weight and macromolecule melt).
2., pressure measurement force method: these methods comprise capillary-height method, maximum bubble method etc., the former generally is only limited to demonstration lesson at present and uses, the latter is commonly used to measure the dynamic surface tension of low-viscosity (mobile) liquid (as aqueous solution), the advantage of the two also is the density value that does not need testing liquid, the latter's shortcoming is only to be applicable to very low viscous liquid, required amount of liquid is also bigger, data stability, degree of accuracy is just poor, so generally only be used for carrying out the measurement of the dynamic surface tension of low viscous liquid.
3., interface shape optical method: as sessile drop method, seat drips, liquid bridge method etc.This method also can be described as optical method, because generally all be based on the shape that optical imagery is measured the interface, a big advantage of optical method is observation (seeing), do not contact, do not disturb, so be a kind of " unperturbed method ".Experiment and method of testing are simple, can carry out the High Temperature High Pressure test, and speed is very high, but serious testing, and equipment can add robotization control section accurately, can be incorporated in the production procedure.The defective of these class methods is to need to understand in advance density of liquid.The principle of this class measuring method is set up for a long time, but after the computer technology prosperity eighties in last century, especially after the digital image processing techniques development, just make these class methods really enter the practical stage, first these class methods based on the computer digital image treatment technology (hanging drop, sessile drop method etc.) instrument is to occur the nineties in last century in the world.
At present, domestic surface tension instrument many based on aforementioned the 1., 2. class methods, explain before the defective that this class methods instrument exists, mainly be that data stability, degree of accuracy are poor, be not suitable for the Measurement and analysis of some full-bodied liquid measures and some particular requirements (as High Temperature High Pressure) condition, also have open defect at the aspect such as convenient of measuring automaticity, operation in addition; Domestic based on computer image processing technology the 3. the unit of class exploitation is few, the product of this respect is few owing to what develop at present, developing history is not long, compare with external like product and also to exist tangible gap in many aspects, be mainly reflected in measuring technique method, computer image analysis software, three aspects of instrument hardware, cause convenient reliable, the multi-functional aspect of apparatus measures analysis to have defective:
(1), measuring technique/software/hardware three aspects lack comprehensive the integration, measure convenient reliable, multi-functional aspect and have defective, are especially requiring moment that the dynamic interface characteristic is carried out defectiveness on the fast and reliable Measurement and analysis.In the surface chemistry field, many processes all are dynamic processes, and be mostly very fast dynamic process (half life period time is in 1-100 millisecond scope), as: the dyestuff drop in the inkjet printing has run into the wet processes of different paper surfaces, water droplet has run into paper handkerchief, surfactant is under many situations such as diffusion of liquid surface, and people need understand concrete dynamic process.Therefore, need develop can be in moment (the pre-conditioned triggering of software) the automatic reliable treatments to high speed image in enormous quantities (often hundreds of frame to frames up to ten thousand), seeming is even more important.
(2), instrument hardware design relative fixed, be not based on modular design, can not carry out combining and configuring flexibly according to the measurement requirement of different user, wasted the inherent function and the resource of instrument.
The multifunctionality of instrument is a megatrend of current development, because high precision instrument has been equipped with some very valuable assemblies in a large number, function how to bring into play these some valuable assemblies as much as possible improves the P/C ratio of instrument greatly, and the client is had very big attractive force.Compare with domestic commercial at present like product, which product newly developed all have significant innovation aspect.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of structural module assembling, the measuring analyzer for dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface based on the high speed image processing of the little lightweight portable multifunctional of volume at above-mentioned prior art deficiency; It has the measurement stability height, the degree of accuracy standard, and automation mechanized operation is convenient, can be fit to full-bodied liquid measure and satisfy use under the specified conditions, is fit to require moment that the dynamic interface characteristic is carried out the fast and reliable Measurement and analysis.
The utility model solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: based on the measuring analyzer for dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface of high speed image processing, comprise general-purpose platform, the technical measures of taking comprise: general-purpose platform is fitted with through optical system, video imaging system, the precision of structural module assembling and locatees accurate liquid feeding sampling control system, sample rotation platform, the monochromatic cold light source of LED and computer control light adjusting system and be embedded in Control Component in the switch board.
The technical measures of taking also comprise:
General-purpose platform comprises leveling footing, base plate, camera lens support, the 3rd handwheel, pole guide rail, the piece that horizontally slips, elasticity bolt and the switch board of energy flexible configuration and assembling;
Optical system comprises equipped high performance optical camera camera lens, and the optical camera camera lens is installed in the circular hole of camera lens support upper end, and the X-axis of the 3rd handwheel, pole guide rail, the piece that horizontally slips control optical camera camera lens moves;
Video imaging system comprises numeral or simulation and image acquisition card module, this numeral or simulation and image acquisition card module are assemblied in the circular hole of camera lens support upper end, and match with the optical camera camera lens and can realize that high speed image is handled, continuous batch of Flame Image Process by high resolution, elasticity bolt is positioned at camera lens support upper end, is used for the dismounting of control figure or simulation and image acquisition card module.
Precision is located accurate liquid feeding sampling control system and is fitted in the switch board outside, it comprises that the 5th equipped handwheel, second is regulated bolt, regulated screw mandrel, screw mandrel holder, sample introduction pipe, sample introduction pipe holder, drop pipe holder, drop needle tubing, first are regulated bolt, moved up and down slide block, the 4th handwheel, and the 5th handwheel is little to be revolved and regulates advancing gradually of leading screw and can accurately advance the interior liquid of sample introduction pipe to the drop needle tubing; The selection of drop needle tubing specification can realize sessile drop method, the measurement of liquid bridge method, transfers by first pine of regulating bolt and can realize the measurement of oscillating drop method.
Sample rotation platform Y, Z axle can free displacements, horizontally rotate and overturn, and can realize that sessile drop method measures, and the measurement of forward/backward angle synchro measure and drop enlightenment roll angle also can be carried out extravagant wettability, stickiness and adsorption process analysis; This sample rotation platform by second handwheel, move forward and backward that slide block, rotating disk, sample rotation platform, the 3rd are regulated bolt, first-hand wheel component is formed; Wherein, by the lifting of first handwheel control Y-axis, second handwheel and move forward and backward the displacement before and after the Z axle of slide block control sample rotation platform, rotating disk control control sample rotation platform horizontally rotates, and the 3rd regulates bolt regulates sample rotation platform level or upset inclination angle.
Control Component is made up of LED cold light source, dimming control system, step motor drive, environment temperature sensor; By up-to-date LED cold light source and computer control light adjusting system, environment temperature is read in computer automatically and is shown on special liquid crystal display and constitutes friendly personnel operation interface; LED cold light source, dimming control system, step motor drive, environment temperature sensor embed switch board, also external computer of switch board and special liquid crystal display plug.
Compared with prior art, the utility model general-purpose platform is fitted with through optical system, video imaging system, the precision of structural module assembling and locatees accurate liquid feeding sampling control system, sample rotation platform, the monochromatic cold light source of LED and computer control light adjusting system and be embedded in Control Component in the switch board.It has carried out the synthetic study integration by up-to-date computer image processing to measuring method that 3. class is different, develop a cover based on construction module notion autonomous Design and satisfied the analytical instrument that four kinds of different measuring methods such as sessile drop method, sessile drop method, oscillating drop method and liquid bridge method are measured flexibly, make equipment " compactness; portable; general ", have the characteristics of the automatic Measurement and analysis of wide applicability, multi-functional, high-speed, low cost and high precision, high reliability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model embodiment front schematic view;
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 schematic top plan view;
Fig. 3 looks synoptic diagram for Fig. 1 left side;
Fig. 4 is Fig. 1 exploded perspective view.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the utility model below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in Fig. 1～4, the measuring analyzer for dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface based on high speed image is handled comprises general-purpose platform;
General-purpose platform is fitted with through optical system, video imaging system, the precision of structural module assembling and locatees accurate liquid feeding sampling control system, sample rotation platform, the monochromatic cold light source of LED and computer control light adjusting system and be embedded in Control Component in the switch board 24.The utility model is by second handwheel 1, front and back sliding shoe 2, pole guide rail 3, the 3rd handwheel 4, piece 5 horizontally slips, rotating disk 6, camera lens support 7, elasticity bolt 8, sample rotation platform 9, numeral or simulation and image acquisition card module 10 are high speed camera/CCD or CMOS, optical lens 11, drop needle tubing 12, drop pipe holder 13, first regulates bolt 14, slide down motion block 15, the 4th handwheel 16, sample introduction pipe 17, sample introduction pipe holder 18, second regulates bolt 19, regulate leading screw 20, the 5th handwheel 21, leading screw holder 22, LED cold light source 23, switch board 24, the 3rd transfers numeral or simulation and image acquisition card module joint bolt 25, first handwheel 26, base plate 27,28 assemblies such as leveling footing 28 grades, accessory is formed.
General-purpose platform comprises leveling footing 28, base plate 27, camera lens support 7, the 3rd handwheel 4, pole guide rail 3, the piece 5 that horizontally slips, elasticity bolt 8 and the switch board 24 of energy flexible configuration and assembling;
Optical system comprises equipped high performance optical camera camera lens 11, and optical camera camera lens 11 is installed in the circular hole of camera lens support 7 upper ends, and the X-axis of the 3rd handwheel 4, pole guide rail 3, the piece 5 control optical camera camera lenses 11 that horizontally slip moves;
Video imaging system comprises numeral or simulation and image acquisition card module 10, this numeral or simulation and image acquisition card module 10 are assemblied in the circular hole of camera lens support 7 upper ends, and match with optical camera camera lens 11 and can realize that high speed image is handled, continuous batch of Flame Image Process by high resolution, elasticity bolt 8 is positioned at camera lens support 7 upper ends, is used for the dismounting of control figure or simulation and image acquisition card module 10.
Precision is located accurate liquid feeding sampling control system and is fitted in switch board 24 outsides, it comprises that equipped the 5th handwheel 21, second is regulated bolt 19, regulated screw mandrel 20, screw mandrel holder 22, sample introduction pipe 17, sample introduction pipe holder 18, drop pipe holder 13, drop needle tubing 12, first are regulated bolt 14, move up and down slide block 15, the 4th handwheel 16, the five handwheels 21 little revolve and regulate advancing gradually of leading screw 20 can accurately advance the interior liquid of sample introduction pipe 17 to drop needle tubing 12; The selection of drop needle tubing 12 specifications can realize sessile drop method, the measurement of liquid bridge method, transfers by first pine of regulating bolt 14 and can realize the measurement of oscillating drop method.
Sample rotation platform Y, Z axle can free displacements, horizontally rotate and overturn, and can realize that sessile drop method measures, and the measurement of forward/backward angle synchro measure and drop enlightenment roll angle also can be carried out extravagant wettability, stickiness and adsorption process analysis; This sample rotation platform by second handwheel 1, move forward and backward that slide block 2, rotating disk 6, sample rotation platform the 9, the 3rd regulated bolt 25, first handwheel, 26 parts are formed; Wherein, by the 26 control Y-axis liftings of first handwheel, second handwheel 1 and move forward and backward the displacement before and after the Z axle of slide block 2 control sample rotation platforms 9, rotating disk 6 control control sample rotation platforms 9 horizontally rotate, and the 3rd regulates bolt 25 regulates sample rotation platform 9 levels or upset inclination angle.
Control Component is made up of LED cold light source 23, dimming control system, step motor drive, environment temperature sensor; By up-to-date LED cold light source 23 and computer control light adjusting system, environment temperature is read in computer automatically and is shown on special liquid crystal display and constitutes friendly personnel operation interface; LED cold light source 23, dimming control system, step motor drive, environment temperature sensor embed switch board, also external computer of switch board and special liquid crystal display plug.
The utility model adopts the 3. class, and except needs are understood density of liquid, the measuring method of handling based on computer digital image has many superiority: 1. consumption few (few to tens microlitres get final product); 2. be fit to high viscosity liquid, as cementing agent etc.; 3. be suitable for high temperature (high), the measurement under the high pressure (atmospheric pressure up to a hundred) to thousands of degree; 4. easy and simple to handle: form drop, pickup image just can be measured result's (being about computing time below 0.1 second).
Compare with hanging drop, sessile drop method, liquid bridge measuring method (liquid bridge method) still rests on the academic research stage at present, also do not become commercialized, but preliminary research shows that liquid bridge method is compared with hanging drop, sessile drop method and had following advantage:
1., precision is higher: the variation meeting that the height of interface shape method precision depends on small surface/interface tension force produces bigger influence (under the constant prerequisite of other conditions) to its shape; Influence is bigger, and the sensitivity precision is higher, and liquid bridge method is than sessile drop method sensitiveer (the hanging drop rule is than sessile drop method sensitivity).
2., the scope of application is wider: when measuring interfacial tension, when the density difference of liquid/liquid two-phase is very little (as＜0.1g/ml), form hanging drop just is not easy very much, the sessile drop method scope of application is restricted, and this point is not suitable for liquid bridge method: even the density difference of the two is 0, liquid bridge method can continue to be applied in the colloidal chemistry field, petrochemistry field especially, and the liquid that the density measurement difference is very little/liquid circle tension force is the challenge that runs into often.
3., liquid bridge method may more be applicable to research, as the influence of electromagnetic force to liquid surface, and the available latter and the influence of retroaction gravity makes liquid surface in fact be in the zero-g environment, this is to have very big attractive force to investigating the shape of interface under weightlessness.
4., owing to be subjected to " support " of two solid phases, liquid bridge method may be insensitive to vibrating than sessile drop method.
And up-to-date scientific research shows, dynamic interface characteristic, the behavior that occurred in for two initial periods that contact often also is to whole wet processes the most far-reaching conclusive stage of influence.In recent years along with the fast development of high speed image treatment technology, for this dynamic perfromance, the process of studying the interface provides a rare possibility, such as when the Measurement and analysis dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface, up-to-date detection method adds up-to-date image processing techniques, will bring revolutionary variation to this field.
The utility model has carried out the synthetic study integration by up-to-date computer image processing technology to measuring method that 3. class is different, develop a cover based on construction module notion autonomous Design and satisfied the analytic system that four kinds of different measuring methods such as sessile drop method, sessile drop method, oscillating drop method and liquid bridge method are measured flexibly, had the characteristics of the automatic Measurement and analysis of wide applicability, multi-functional, high-speed, low cost and high precision, high reliability.The multifunctional performance of the utility model instrument improves the P/C ratio of some valuable assemblies, and the client is had very big attractive force.
Though the utility model illustrates and describes by the reference preferred embodiment,, those skilled in the art should understand, and in the scope of claims, can do the various variation on form and the details.
Claims (4)
1, the measuring analyzer for dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface of handling based on high speed image, comprise general-purpose platform, it is characterized in that: described general-purpose platform is fitted with through optical system, video imaging system, the precision of structural module assembling and locatees accurate liquid feeding sampling control system, sample rotation platform, the monochromatic cold light source of LED and computer control light adjusting system and be embedded in Control Component in the switch board (24).
2, the measuring analyzer for dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface of handling based on high speed image according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described general-purpose platform comprises leveling footing (28), base plate (27), camera lens support (7), the 3rd handwheel (4), pole guide rail (3), the piece that horizontally slips (5), elasticity bolt (8) and the switch board (24) of energy flexible configuration and assembling;
Described optical system comprises equipped high performance optical camera camera lens (11), optical camera camera lens (11) is installed in the circular hole of camera lens support (7) upper end, and described the 3rd handwheel (4), pole guide rail (3), the piece that horizontally slips (5) control described optical camera camera lens (11) X-axis move;
Described video imaging system comprises numeral or simulation and image acquisition card module (10), this numeral or simulation and image acquisition card module (10) are assemblied in the circular hole of camera lens support (7) upper end, and match with optical camera camera lens (11) and can realize that high speed image is handled, continuous batch of Flame Image Process by high resolution, elasticity bolt (8) is positioned at camera lens support (7) upper end, is used for the dismounting of control figure or simulation and image acquisition card module (10).
3, the measuring analyzer for dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface of handling based on high speed image according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described precision is located accurate liquid feeding sampling control system and is fitted in switch board (24) outside, it comprises equipped the 5th handwheel (21), second regulates bolt (19), regulate screw mandrel (20), screw mandrel holder (22), sample introduction pipe (17), sample introduction pipe holder (18), drop pipe holder (13), drop needle tubing (12), first regulates bolt (14), move up and down slide block (15), the 4th handwheel (16), the 5th handwheel (21) is little to be revolved and the propelling gradually of regulating leading screw (20) can accurately advance liquid in the sample introduction pipe (17) to drop needle tubing (12); The selection of drop needle tubing (12) specification can realize sessile drop method, the measurement of liquid bridge method, transfers by first pine of regulating bolt (14) and can realize the measurement of oscillating drop method.
Sample rotation platform Y, Z axle can free displacements, horizontally rotate and overturn, and can realize that sessile drop method measures, and the measurement of forward/backward angle synchro measure and drop enlightenment roll angle also can be carried out extravagant wettability, stickiness and adsorption process analysis; This sample rotation platform by second handwheel (1), move forward and backward that slide block (2), rotating disk (6), sample rotation platform (9), the 3rd are regulated bolt (25), first handwheel (26) parts are formed; Wherein, by the lifting of first handwheel (26) control Y-axis, second handwheel (1) and move forward and backward slide block (2) control sample rotation platform (9) displacement before and after the Z axle, rotating disk (6) control control sample rotation platform (9) horizontally rotates, and the 3rd regulates bolt (25) regulates sample rotation platform (9) level or upset inclination angle.
4, the measuring analyzer for dynamic characteristics of liquid surface and interface of handling based on high speed image according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described Control Component is made up of LED cold light source (23), dimming control system, step motor drive, environment temperature sensor; By up-to-date LED cold light source (23) and computer control light adjusting system, environment temperature is read in computer automatically and is shown on special liquid crystal display and constitutes friendly personnel operation interface; LED cold light source (23), dimming control system, step motor drive, environment temperature sensor embed described switch board, also external computer of described switch board and special liquid crystal display plug.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200620103753 CN2903971Y (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Measurement analyzer for liquid surface interface dynamic characters based on high-speed image process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200620103753 CN2903971Y (en) | 2006-05-18 | 2006-05-18 | Measurement analyzer for liquid surface interface dynamic characters based on high-speed image process |
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| CN2903971Y true CN2903971Y (en) | 2007-05-23 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102135490A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-07-27 | 海南大学 | Measuring device for measuring contact angle and surface energy |
| CN104330338A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-04 | 西北工业大学 | Device and method for measuring contact angle in hypergravity environment |
| CN104697903A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-10 | 上海梭伦信息科技有限公司 | Real liquid drop process portable contact angle and interface tension testing method and apparatus thereof |
| CN105277471A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-01-27 | 北京化工大学 | Bubble rolling angle tester |
| CN110411904A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 北京交通大学 | The measuring device of refrigerant working medium contact angle |
| CN112129673A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-25 | 广西科学院 | Inspection device for production of super-hydrophobic material |
| CN112666047A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-16 | 新疆大学 | Liquid viscosity detection method |
| CN114295521A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-08 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by using needle tube |
-
2006
- 2006-05-18 CN CN 200620103753 patent/CN2903971Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102135490A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-07-27 | 海南大学 | Measuring device for measuring contact angle and surface energy |
| CN104697903A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-10 | 上海梭伦信息科技有限公司 | Real liquid drop process portable contact angle and interface tension testing method and apparatus thereof |
| CN104330338A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-04 | 西北工业大学 | Device and method for measuring contact angle in hypergravity environment |
| CN105277471A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-01-27 | 北京化工大学 | Bubble rolling angle tester |
| CN105277471B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-02-13 | 北京化工大学 | Bubble rolls angle tester |
| CN110411904A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-05 | 北京交通大学 | The measuring device of refrigerant working medium contact angle |
| CN112129673A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2020-12-25 | 广西科学院 | Inspection device for production of super-hydrophobic material |
| CN112129673B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2024-07-05 | 广西科学院 | Inspection device for production of super-hydrophobic material |
| CN112666047A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-04-16 | 新疆大学 | Liquid viscosity detection method |
| CN114295521A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-08 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by using needle tube |
| CN114295521B (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-04-25 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by using needle tube |
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