Background technology
It is low that the tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile of prior art has cost, easy construction is quick, stake is long can be according to remarkable advantages such as ground aspect fluctuating situation adjustment, but also there are some obvious defects, for example: the bearing capacity of stake is lower, produce vibration and noise in the construction, the pile quality less stable easily produces undergauge, broken pile and folder mud phenomenon.Therefore, how improving the bearing capacity of tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile, solve the pile quality problem, is the two big key problem in technology problems that can tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile extensively be promoted the use of.In the immersed tube bored pile driving construction of prior art, also there is forms such as adopting companding or rammer expansion to improve the bearing capacity of single pile of tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile, common practices is the companding or the rammer expansion form of being furnished with prefabricated reinforced concrete stake point (title has shoe) in the immersed tube lower end or being pre-charged with dry powder (claiming no shoe) in the immersed tube lower end, promptly in immersed tube, set up and press (rammer) pipe in one, implementing companding is to use the overhead oil cylinder to promote interior pressure pipe, and implementing to ram expansion is to reach the realization that enlarged footing is held in stake with the hammering inner tamping tube.These methods have improved bearing capacity of single pile to a certain extent, have improved pile quality, but exist construction technology loaded down with trivial details, effect is lower, and only can form enlarged footing of stake end, the enlarged footing moulding is also not ideal enough, the problem that pile quality fundamentally is not resolved yet; For the tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile of band reinforcing cage, construction is got up very inconvenient.
Have a kind of can be so that the bearing capacity of castinplace pile increases substantially, have the special-purpose squeezed device of higher resistance to plucking, shock resistance, stability again.Its specific practice is earlier with after the rig boring moulding, remove facility, should hang in the hole by squeezed device, use hydraulic cylinder that squeezed device is backed down and form certain roof pressure power, and the hole wall relevant position is squeezed out a radial cavities by force, shrink squeezed device then in angle of same horizontal plane rotation, row expansion extruding hole wall is extruded another radial cavities again; So repeatedly rotate squeezed back and form a property disk body (claiming a dish again) at interval, hang out squeezed device then, carry out clearly the hole again, hang in reinforcing cage, become the reducing support disk pile behind the pouring concrete.This squeezed device has solved the bearing capacity problem of castinplace pile to a certain extent, but two complete equipments intersection is used during construction, longer behind the pore-forming owing to expansion dish holding time, add on the wall of pore-forming squeezed, the hole phenomenon of collapsing often occurs, make the sediment at the bottom of the hole also become many, especially in the bigger soil layer of rich groundwater or latent setting-out pressure and in thin, the medium coarse sand, cobble soil layer, this technology pile is undesirable, and its use is subjected to certain limitation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is the defective that overcomes above-mentioned several tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile and reducing support disk pile, a kind of automatic compandor is provided, with the technical advantage of silent piling and the economic advantages optimum organization of tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile, the immersed tube bored pile constructing process of initiative single hose all-hydraulic static(al) companding more piece disk body, not only change deadly defects such as former immersed tube bored pile capacity is low, pile quality difference, and the companding tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile that uses this automatic compandor to construct have friction, noiselessness, the free of contamination advantage of static pressed pile.
The purpose of this utility model is realized by following technical scheme, has developed a kind of automatic compandor, and it comprises: the immersed tube of pile press, external cover, hydraulic means and combination flap formula companding conehead.In the lower end of pile press immersed tube by the external cover hydraulic means that has been rigidly connected, the oil cylinder lower end of this hydraulic means flap seat that has been rigidly connected again, this flap seat by ring in it more than at least two equidistant cylindricality ball pivot seat respective hinge flap more than at least two leaves is arranged, the inboard of this flap is also by the hollow piston bar lower end of rod hinge connection at hydraulic means; Described combination flap formula companding conehead passes through cylindricality spherical hinge and connecting rod respectively, and drives under the control at the hollow piston bar of hydraulic means, has constituted companding conehead closure state or open configuration.
Described external cover, its upper and lower end cover are rigidly connected with the lower end outer tube wall of immersed tube and the oil cylinder upper end outer wall of hydraulic means respectively; Also connect in the intrinsic protection on the inner tubal wall of immersed tube lower end and overlap, lower end sliding fit sealing shroud of cover is contained on the hollow inwall of hollow piston bar upper end in this.
Described cylindricality spherical hinge, it is made up of cylindricality ball pivot seat and cylindricality ball pivot head, wherein cylindricality ball pivot seat is fixed at least two above equally divided positions of ring in the flap seat, and cylindricality ball pivot head setting-in is hinged in the corresponding cylindricality ball pivot seat, and the other end projection of this ball pivot head is fixed on the upper end of flap.
Described flap, it is shaped as fan-shaped or half cone-shaped or hemispherical; It is articulated in the interior ring of flap seat in correcting on the flap more than at least two leaves by at least two above cylindricality spherical hinges respectively.
Described hydraulic means, it comprises: into and out of oil pipe, into and out of oil connection, oil cylinder, upper and lower gland, upper and lower end cap, hollow piston, hollow piston bar and sealing ring; Wherein, described upper and lower gland is threaded in the upper and lower end of oil cylinder respectively, and this upper and lower gland also compresses upper and lower end cap respectively, and this upper and lower end cap seals in the cylinder seal chamber that is installed between oil cylinder and the hollow piston bar respectively by its inner and outer ring; Described cylinder seal chamber is that cylinder seal is sleeved on the outer wall of hollow piston bar, and oil cylinder inner wall and hollow piston bar outer wall have constituted the cylinder seal chamber; The hollow piston that sealing is installed in this cylinder seal chamber is separated into upper and lower oil pocket with this cylinder seal chamber; Connect in upper and lower oil pocket by the oil duct in oil connection process cylinder wall into and out of oil pipe; This piston is fixed on the hollow piston bar by each annular key pin of two ends, this piston-rod lower end is connected with connecting rod base, the monaural pan that is fixed on ears pan on the connecting rod base and small end is hinged with hinge axis, and the lower end of this connecting rod and flap hinged inside are together.
Described combination flap formula companding conehead, its every leaf flap inboard all is provided with the ears hinge seat, and described connecting rod lower end also is provided with corresponding monaural pan, and promptly this connecting rod uses hinge axis hinged by the monaural pan of connecting rod lower end and the ears hinge seat of flap inboard; Piston rod on being hinged on connecting rod is done vertical up and down when mobile, and this piston rod drivening rod moves up and down synchronously; Described flap is hinged in the cylindricality ball pivot seat according to its cylindricality ball pivot head, and the lower end of this connecting rod is hinged on the inboard of this flap again, and therefore, this flap can be that radially wobbling of certain radian done in the center of circle according to this cylindricality spherical hinge only; Piston rod drivening rod that promptly moves up and down and hinged flap thereof are done to radially wobble, and have constituted the companding conehead of cone-shaped closure state or padmasana open configuration.
The utility model has the advantages that: enlarged footing (dish) the moulding ideal of the companding stake of (1) this compandor construction.This compandor is to utilize liquid medium to transmit stress in closed conduit and oil pocket, make the companding conehead flap that is positioned at the immersed tube termination in time open or to close according to user's requirement, the immersed tube inner concrete is flowed out or end, and by with all-hydraulic Static pressure pile driver in the rigidly connected compandor of immersed tube huge static pressure is imported in the cast-in-situ concrete and bearing stratum at ground deep layer compandor place, extruding is forced in level and bottom around compandor, when forming the stake end or pile body expansion dish, also at the bottom of the stake and pile body disk body place soil layer has been carried out compacted and compacting, thereby the compactness and the intensity of the stake end and disk body place soil layer have been improved greatly, disk body place soil layer bearing capacity is much improved, in addition stake end expansion dish and pile body enlarge disk body make stake end load enlarged areas many, bearing capacity of single pile significantly improves thereupon.Because be cone because of the companding conehead during this companding pile driving construction, it is evenly clamp-oned under the static(al) effect, forms cast-in-situ concrete expansion dish profile uniformly.
(2) density and the intensity that have improved because of extruding of the stake end of this companding stake and disk body soil layer.The expansion disc molding of this companding stake is through immersed tube and automatic compandor transmission, directly the huge static pressure in top clamp-oned in place's cast-in-situ concrete of ground deep layer disk body and the bearing stratum, and forced extruding to bearing stratum horizontal plane and bottom, formation enlarged footing (dish); The density and the intensity of stake end and disk body place bearing stratum have been improved simultaneously greatly because of compacted compacting.And the concrete piles under the disk body has also been implemented extruding, improved pile quality.
(3) pile quality of this companding stake is secure.When the immersed tube bored pile driving construction of the all-hydraulic static(al) companding of single hose more piece disk body, put in the immersed tube and the long almost equal special vibrator of stake, except that being convenient to tube drawing, the deep layer vibration is implemented in pile body cast-in-situ concrete, and progressively lifting in company with immersed tube, after finishing, pile stops vibration, like this, avoid disadvantages such as the easy pile body necking down that produces of tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile, fracture, folder mud, improved pile quality.
(4) this companding pile driving construction saves the stake point, saving and reliable.This automatically compandor because of the stake of construction companding without precast pile tip, so saved expenses (every pile is on average saved about 60 yuan) such as precast pile tip, iron washer, also avoided simultaneously embedding useless that causes in the pipe because of precast pile tip is broken, removed the long preparation of construction cycle (the making duration of precast pile tip) like this from, made total duration of whole pile foundation construction shorten more than at least 20 days than the tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile of equal conditions.
(5) stake of this companding can be used as the good resistance pile pulling.The stake that a kind of many fulcrums bear vertical force is not only in the stake of this companding, also is a kind of desirable uplift pile.The applicable large-scale building pile foundation that shock resistance, stability, resistance to plucking, bearing capacity is had high request.
(6) this companding pile driving construction scope of application is more extensive.The stake of this companding belongs to high-bearing capacity, the stake of low cost type, and adopt whole hydraulic static pile pressing machine as power source, the stake diameter can be to Φ 800, under the engineering geological conditions that is fit to, replace tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile, preformed pile (comprising pile tube) and bored pile with it, it is long not only to shorten stake than conventional straight post stake, and the sum of engineering piles and pile cap volume all will significantly reduce.The cast-in-situ concrete pile body promptly is subjected to compacting deep layer vibration moulding again, and pile quality has reliable guarantee, and is more extensive than traditional straight-bar tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile scope of application, technical economic benefit is more remarkable.
(7) more environmental protection of this companding pile driving construction.Because the corollary equipment of this automatic compandor has been selected whole hydraulic static pile pressing machine for use, and the hydraulic means of compandor has utilized the oil pressure of stake machine self source that is used as power dexterously, the cylinder seal of this device is sleeved on the outer wall of hollow piston bar, oil cylinder inner wall and hollow piston bar outer wall have constituted the cylinder seal chamber, make the hollow piston bar promptly bear oil cylinder, oil pocket effect, bear the transmission of power function of flap-linkage again; The automatic compandor of this sample but also has thoroughly been eliminated vibration, noise and pollution except having the original economic advantages of tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile, belong to green construction.So, being more suitable for urban district, medical treatment, school, precision instrument etc. than other and needing the foundation construction shockproof, dustproof, that noiseproof is regional, this also is that other construction technology is incomparable.
(8) there is not the sediment loosened soil after the construction, exempted the technology of pile grouting elimination sediment fully.
(9) needs of load are transmitted in the stake of this companding according to superstructure, vertical better squeezed shaping different-diameter of bearing stratum of pile body or equivalent diameter and certain thickness hole enlargement disk body is arranged, former common friction pile or end are held friction end bearing pile or the multinode end bearing pile that friction pile becomes multi-support point.Bearing capacity increases substantially, and economic benefit is fairly obvious.
(10) the applicable cohesive soil of this companding stake, silt, sand, medium coarse sand, cobble, gravelly sand soil layer, and especially in rich groundwater or have and weak dive that result of use is better than common filling pile during setting-out.
(11) stake of this companding with pore-forming, expand the end, pile body reducing (squeezed disk body) compacted to the soil body, build that concrete, the whole construction technologies of forming pile are all molten to be same equipment, same immersed tube, construction technology closely links to each other, accomplish without any letup, than other form expand end or compacted bearing disk pile adopt pore-forming, expansion to coil two complete equipments to intersect the construction technology used much superior, simple, this is that other expand ends or support disk pile equipment and correspondingly construction technology is incomparable.
(12) this automatic compandor just needn't be changed fully and can use each the specifications and models Static pressure pile driver (as long as the stake of energy pressure pipe) that has now come into operation.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present utility model further specifies as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Referring to Fig. 1---7, a kind of automatic compandor of making, it comprises: the immersed tube 1 of pile press, external cover 2, hydraulic means and combination flap formula companding conehead.In the lower end of pile press immersed tube 1 by external cover 2 hydraulic means that has been rigidly connected, oil cylinder 15 lower ends of this hydraulic means flap seat 10 that has been rigidly connected again, this flap seat 10 has the flap 14 of at least two leaves above (being six leaves among the figure) by the equidistant cylindricality ball pivot seat 10 ' respective hinge that (among the figure is six) more than at least two of ring in it, and the inboard of this flap 14 also is hinged on hollow piston bar 16 lower ends of hydraulic means by connecting rod 13; Described combination flap formula companding conehead passes through cylindricality spherical hinge and connecting rod 13 respectively, and drives under the control at the hollow piston bar 16 of hydraulic means, has constituted companding conehead closure state or open configuration.
Described external cover 2, its upper and lower end cover is rigidly connected with the lower end outer tube wall of immersed tube 1 and the oil cylinder 15 upper end outer walls of hydraulic means respectively; Also connect on the inner tubal wall of immersed tube 1 lower end and overlap 21 in the intrinsic protection, lower end sliding fit sealing shroud of cover 21 is contained on the hollow inwall of hollow piston bar 16 upper ends in this.
Described cylindricality spherical hinge, it is by cylindricality ball pivot seat 10 ' and cylindricality ball pivot head 14 ' form, the ring equally divided position that (among the figure is six) more than at least two in cylindricality ball pivot seat 10 ' the be fixed on flap seat 10 wherein, cylindricality ball pivot head 14 ' setting-in be hinged on corresponding cylindricality ball pivot seat 10 ' in, this ball pivot head 14 ' other end projection be fixed on the upper end of flap 14.
Described flap 14, it is shaped as fan-shaped or half cone-shaped or hemispherical; It is articulated in the interior ring of flap seat 10 in correcting on the flap 14 of the cylindricality spherical hinge that (among the figure is six) more than at least two with at least two leaves above (being six leaves among the figure) respectively.
Described hydraulic means, it comprises: into and out of oil pipe 19,20, into and out of oil connection 17,18, oil cylinder 15, upper and lower gland 3,9, upper and lower end cap 4,8, hollow piston 6, hollow piston bar 16 and sealing ring; Wherein, described upper and lower gland 3,9 is threaded in the upper and lower end of oil cylinder 15 respectively, this upper and lower gland 3,9 also compresses upper and lower end cap 4,8 respectively, and this upper and lower end cap 4,8 seals in the cylinder seal chamber that is installed between oil cylinder 15 and the hollow piston bar 16 respectively by its inner and outer ring; Described cylinder seal chamber is that oil cylinder 15 sealing shrouds are contained on the outer wall of hollow piston bar 16, and oil cylinder 15 inwalls and hollow piston bar 16 outer walls have constituted the cylinder seal chamber; The hollow piston 6 that sealing is installed in this cylinder seal chamber is separated into upper and lower oil pocket 5,7 with this cylinder seal chamber; Connect in upper and lower oil pocket 5,7 by the oil duct in oil connection 17,18 process oil cylinders 15 walls into and out of oil pipe 19,20; This piston 6 is fixed on the hollow piston bar 16 by each annular key pin 22 of two ends, these piston rod 16 lower ends are connected with connecting rod base 11, the ears pan 24 that is fixed on the connecting rod base 11 is hinged with the monaural pan 25 usefulness hinge axis 12 of connecting rod 13 upper ends, and the lower end of this connecting rod 13 and flap 14 hinged inside are together.
Described combination flap formula companding conehead, its every leaf flap 14 inboards all are provided with ears hinge seat 23, described connecting rod 13 lower ends also be provided with corresponding monaural pan 25 ', i.e. the monaural pan 25 of this connecting rod 13 by connecting rod 13 lower ends ' hinged with the ears hinge seat 23 usefulness hinge axis 12 of flap 14 inboards; Piston rod 16 on being hinged on connecting rod 13 is done vertical up and down when mobile, and these piston rod 16 drivening rods 13 move up and down synchronously; Described flap 14 according to its cylindricality ball pivot head 14 ' be hinged on cylindricality ball pivot seat 10 ' in, and the lower end of this connecting rod 13 is hinged on the inboard of this flap 14 again, therefore, this flap 14 only can be complied with this cylindricality ball pivot seat 10 ' for doing radially wobbling of certain radian in the center of circle; Piston rod 16 drivening rods 13 that promptly move up and down and hinged flap 14 thereof are done to radially wobble, and have constituted the companding conehead of cone-shaped closure state or padmasana open configuration.
This automatically compandor use in the immersed tube bored pile driving construction of companding: move a stake machine earlier,, adjust a stake machine level, make immersed tube 1 vertical, will fill concrete immersed tube 1 again and be pressed into design elevation with the companding conehead align piles site of the compandor of immersed tube 1 lower end; Oil cylinder 15 upper oil cavities 5 are full of hydraulic oil, and the hollow piston bar 16 that makes hollow piston 6 and be attached thereto one promotes connecting rods 13 and flap 14 moves toward lower ends, and flap 14 is pushed open; At this moment immersed tube 1 inner concrete can water the compandor end, it is after compandor tail end place waters the concrete of certain altitude that immersed tube 1 is improved h, cut off 5 oil-feeds of oil cylinder 15 upper oil cavities again, 7 oilings of changed course lower oil cavitie, hollow piston 6 and the hollow piston bar 16 pulling connecting rods 13 that are attached thereto one move on also synchronously in immersed tube 1, and connecting rod 13 corresponding pulling flaps 14 are closed rapidly; Clamp immersed tube 1 with stake machine jaw afterwards, the companding conehead brute force of cone-shaped closure state is squeezed into downwards in the pouring concrete, make concrete toward peripheral horizontal expansion and form enlarged footing, because of compacted effect around the compandor and bottom soil layer is produced density and intensity in the compacted dish of the improvement greatly end bearing stratum simultaneously.According to requirement for bearing capacity and dish end bearing stratum condition, can above-mentioned repeatedly operation procedure 2-3 time, to realize to the concrete repeatedly powerful extruding enlarged footing effective diameter being increased exponentially, dish holds soil layer intensity also can significantly improve.Stake is held so the companding tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile of this automatic compandor has not only made full use of and excavated, the potentiality of pile body soil layer bearing capacity, and the effect of giving full play to and having improved pile shaft material intensity.Make the bearing capacity of stake produce a qualitative leap.
Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand, and in protection domain of the present utility model, makes amendment for the foregoing description, and it all is possible adding and replacing, and does not all exceed protection domain of the present utility model.