CN2777822Y

CN2777822Y - Charger for battery

Info

Publication number: CN2777822Y
Application number: CN 200420055018
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨龙兴
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2004-12-21
Filing date: 2004-12-21
Publication date: 2006-05-03
Anticipated expiration: 2014-12-21

Abstract

The utility model relates to a charger for an accumulator, which comprises a rectifying power supply circuit (1), a charging and sampling loop (3), a microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2), a pulse power amplification and voltage transformation circuit (4), wherein the rectifying power supply circuit (1) provides DC power supply for pulse shaping and each integrated circuit, the output terminal of the microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2) is connected with the input terminal of the pulse power amplification and voltage transformation circuit (4), the output terminal of the pulse power amplification and voltage transformation circuit (4) is connected with the input terminal of the charging and sampling loop (3), the output terminal of the charging and sampling loop (3) is connected with an accumulator waiting to be charged, the charging and sampling loop (3) is also connected with the other input terminal of the microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2), and the magnitude information of the current can be sent back the microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2) to carry out processing. Due to the adoption of the technique of a packet modulated wave switching power supply with the function of temporary outage, the utility model avoids the resistance polarization and the concentration polarization of the accumulator and extends the service life of the accumulator.

Description

The storage battery charger

Technical field

The utility model relates to the isolated plant that charge in batteries is used, and specifically, relates to a kind of storage battery charger.

Background technology

Battery charging process is a very complicated electrochemical reaction process, because its charging process of storage battery, charging current size and Changing Pattern thereof that each producer produced all are not quite similar, common constant current intelligent charge is during near final voltage, exceeded the ideal charging curve ranges, make electrolyte discharge a large amount of gases and elevated temperature, cause storage battery ohmic polarization and concentration polarization, reduced the useful life of storage battery, obviously do not satisfy the ideal charging requirement of storage battery.And the employing system controlled by computer that proposes among the patent CN1016657B, the method of the quick charger structure of dynamic tracking formula and realization optimal charge process, because the otherness of uncertain and each storage battery individuality of initial state electric current, want its charging curve of real accurate tracking very difficult, thereby still be difficult to prolong the useful life of storage battery.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of and can avoid storage battery ohmic polarization and concentration polarization, prolongs the storage battery storage battery charger in useful life.

The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose is: a kind of storage battery charger, comprise the commutation supply voltage circuit, charging and sampling loop, also comprise microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit, Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit, the commutation supply voltage circuit provides pulse shaping and the required DC power supply of each integrated circuit, the output of microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit is connected with the input of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit, the output of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit is connected with the input of charging and sampling loop, the charging and the output of sampling loop with treat to be connected towards storage battery, charging and sampling loop also are connected with another input of microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit, and size of current information back microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit are handled.

After adopting technique scheme, the commutation supply voltage circuit provides pulse shaping and the required DC power supply of each integrated circuit, microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit are according to the information of gathering from sample resistance, the single-chip microcomputer parallel port is sent the square wave that gap size changes, Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit then will become the highpowerpulse of driving switch power pulse transformer through the small-power pulse with door output, and pulse transformer changes elementary high voltage variable into charging required low pressure, sampling and charge circuit are responsible for the pulse voltage that pulse transformer forms is carried out behind the rectifying and voltage-stabilizing storage battery being charged, and sample circuit is handled size of current information back single chip machine controlling circuit.Owing to adopted and had the of short duration microcomputer grouping amplitude-modulated wave switch power technology that rests function, lead acid accumulator is carried out pulse current charge, when adding charging near final voltage, beginning prolongs length idle hours gradually, thereby make storage battery that longer recovery temperature fall time be arranged, make the average current of charging all the time within desirable charging curve scope, eliminated general intelligence charge caused storage battery ohmic polarization and concentration polarization, prolong the useful life of storage battery.Required upper frequency pulse and the required big space rate pulse of pulse current charge of switch power controller realized integrated control by micro-computer technology simultaneously.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a circuit block diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is circuit theory diagrams of the present utility model;

The software programming block diagram that Fig. 3 produces for the square wave pulse.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is described in further detail.

As Fig. 1, shown in 2, a kind of storage battery charger, comprise commutation supply voltage circuit 1, charging and sampling loop 3, also comprise microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit 2, Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4, commutation supply voltage circuit 1 provides pulse shaping and the required DC power supply of each integrated circuit, the output of microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit 2 is connected with the input of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4, the output of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4 is connected with the input of charging and sampling loop 3, the charging and the output of sampling loop 3 with treat to be connected towards storage battery, charging and sampling loop 3 also are connected with another input of microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit 2, and size of current information back microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit 2 are handled.

As shown in Figure 2, Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 4 are made up of VMOS switching tube and transformer T, VMOS switching tube source electrode connects the ground of commutation supply voltage circuit 1, the drain electrode of VMOS switching tube connects the end of transformer T, 1 power supply of another termination commutation supply voltage circuit of transformer T, the secondary output of transformer T connects charging and sampling loop.

As shown in Figure 2, microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit 2 are by comparing integrated circuit A1, divider resistance R2, R3, current-limiting resistance R4, R5, photoelectrical coupler, single-chip microcomputer, resistance R 6, R7 and form with door integrated circuit A2, the positive pole of comparator integrated circuit A1 links to each other with the output X1 of charging and sampling loop 3, the negative pole of comparator integrated circuit A1 connects the end of divider resistance R2, the divider resistance R2 other end links to each other with power supply, the negative pole of comparator integrated circuit A1 also connects the end of another divider resistance R3, the other end of divider resistance R3 links to each other with power supply ground, the output of comparator integrated circuit A1 is connected with the end of current-limiting resistance R4, the other end of current-limiting resistance R4 connects the positive pole of the elementary luminous tube of photoelectrical coupler, the negative pole of the elementary luminous tube of photoelectrical coupler connects power supply output ground, one end of the secondary adopter of photoelectrical coupler connects the end of current-limiting resistance R5, the other end of R5 connects power supply output, the other end of the secondary adopter of photoelectrical coupler is connected with power supply ground, one end of the secondary adopter of photoelectrical coupler also is connected with resistance R 6, the other end of R6 connects the interruption input port INT0 of single-chip microcomputer, the parallel delivery outlet line P1.0 of single-chip microcomputer connects an input pin with door integrated circuit A2, the parallel delivery outlet line P1.1 of single-chip microcomputer connects another input pin with door integrated circuit A2, be connected with an end of resistance R 7 with the output of door integrated circuit, the other end of resistance R 7 connects the canopy utmost point X5 of VMOS switching tube.

As shown in Figure 2, charging and sampling loop 3 are made up of rectifier diode D1, sample resistance R1 and electrochemical capacitor C1, the secondary output Q1 of pulse transformer T connects rectifier diode D1 positive pole, rectifier diode D1 negative pole connects the positive pole of electrochemical capacitor C1, the negative pole of electrochemical capacitor C1 connects the end of sample resistance R1, the other end of sample resistance R1 then links to each other with pulse transformer T secondary output end Q2, and the cathode output end X3 of electric capacity of voltage regulation C1 will be connected positive pole and the negative pole that is recharged storage battery respectively with cathode output end X4 when charging.

Commutation supply voltage circuit 1 with the 220V alternating current behind rectifies and electric capacity, voltage-stabiliser tube filtering voltage regulation, to single-chip microcomputer and comparator integrated circuit, with power supplies such as a door integrated package, VMOS switching tube.

Below operation principle of the present utility model is elaborated.

Core of the present utility model is the square wave that is just differed greatly by two class frequencys that single-chip microcomputer two parallel port lines P1.0 and P1.1 send, the frequency of square wave 1 is 30KHz～60KHz, the frequency of square wave 2 is about 0.2Hz, square wave 1 provides Switching Power Supply pulse transformer T required driving pulse frequency, make charger produce charging required pulse peak current, is provided between the arteries and veins of square wave 2 charging idle hours (call in the following text and rest between arteries and veins) once in about 5 seconds, produces bubble and temperature rise in case be recharged storage

battery.Square wave

1,2 formation is put the time-delay that circulates behind the high level by software to P1.0 and P1.1 mouth, putting the time-delay that circulates after the low level again obtains, the length of its delay time has determined the height of square wave frequency, concrete square wave 1 forms block diagram as shown in Figure 3, and the formation block diagram of square wave 2 is identical with square wave 1.Two square waves obtain square wave 3 after multiplying each other through multiplier (with door), be the grouping amplitude-modulated wave, carry out switch on and off through directly driving the VMOS switching tube after the R7 current limliting, thereby will be transformed to the required pulse voltage of Switching Power Supply through the high direct voltage that the alternating current 220V rectification obtains, Switching Power Supply pulse transformer T secondary obtains the lower pulse voltage crossed through transformation, after rectifier diode D1 rectification and electrochemical capacitor C1 filtering, provide the charge in batteries required voltage.Continuation along with charging process, battery tension constantly raises, charging current then begins to descend, in order to shorten the charging interval, peak value charging current between assurance two rests is constant, need not stop to adjust between the pulsewidth and arteries and veins of square wave 1, the electric current that adjustment causes changes, export by sampling resistor R1 two ends, the anode of device A1 input as a comparison, compare with comparator A1 negative terminal setting voltage value, setting voltage is by power supply+5V process R2, the R3 dividing potential drop obtains, when surpassing set point, comparator A1 exports high level, after the R4 current limliting, make the first level led conducting in the photoelectrical coupler, with the secondary adopter conducting of luminous tube, give low trigger pulse of singlechip interruption mouth INT0 through current-limiting resistance R6, start the interrupt handling routine that accompanying drawing 3 block diagrams provide, handling procedure keeps resting the constant of adjacent both sides peak current between arteries and veins by the length of adjusting delay time between square wave 1 pulsewidth and arteries and veins, enter interruption subroutine and at first change the cycle-index of delaying time between the pulsewidth arteries and veins, enter the cycle pulse stage of development then, promptly call the recursive subroutine of delaying time between arteries and veins, parallel port P1.0 puts high level, call pulsewidth time-delay recursive subroutine, parallel port P1.0 puts four steps such as low level.In the initial charge stage of energized; in order storage battery not to be produced surge; simultaneously also in order to protect charger itself; at first P1.0 and P1.1 mouth are all put the time-delay that low level is carried out several seconds; and then the pulsewidth delay time of square wave 1 is slowly increased, till arriving peak current.After the pulsewidth delay time of square wave 1 arrives certain duration, under the situation of constant current charge, mean that storage battery is full of soon, for preventing this moment to make storage battery produce temperature rise and bubble, beginning prolongs the time span of resting between arteries and veins gradually in program, so that storage battery has longer recovery temperature fall time.Single-chip microcomputer can use inside to have the AT89C51 chip of FLASH program storage, and comparator can use the LM393 integrated circuit, can use the CD4081 integrated circuit with door.

The utility model owing to adopt has the of short duration grouping amplitude-modulated wave switch power technology that rests function; caused storage battery ohmic polarization of general intelligence constant current charge and concentration polarization have been eliminated; thereby storage battery is had certain protection and repair, prolonged the useful life of storage battery.The big space rate pulse that upper frequency pulse that switch power controller is required and pulse current charge are required uses mcu programming to realize integrated control.Owing to used single-chip microcomputer to produce the amplitude-modulated wave that divides into groups, make idle hours adjustable at interval, charging beginning back charging current rises step by step by certain pulse duty factor, and the heavy current impact when having avoided owing to the charging beginning is to the influence of the charger and the life of storage battery; To influence the useful life of storage battery in order preventing owing to floating charge elevates the temperature after arriving certain floating current, fully to have prolonged the idle hours of pulse, the active material of having avoided storage battery to cause because of a large amount of separating out of gas when saturated comes off.Owing to use the middle fracture of single-chip microcomputer the electric current of output is monitored in real time, during charging normal, the size of current between adjacent twice of short duration resting remains unchanged, and has peak value constant current characteristics, and to compare charging rate fast with common intelligent charger.Owing to use the real-time detection technique of interruptive current, have output (charging plug) short-circuit protection function, charger can be do not damaged, and operate as normal can be after eliminating, recovered voluntarily.Owing to adopt single-chip microcomputer to have software current limiting pressure-limiting function, avoided the damage of the charger that the unexpected surge of electrical network causes.

Claims

1, a kind of storage battery charger, comprise commutation supply voltage circuit (1), charging and sampling loop (3), it is characterized in that: also comprise microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2), Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (4), commutation supply voltage circuit (1) provides pulse shaping and the required DC power supply of each integrated circuit, the output of microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2) is connected with the input of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (4), the output of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (4) is connected with the input of charging and sampling loop (3), the charging and the output of sampling loop (3) with treat to be connected towards storage battery, charging and sampling loop (3) also are connected with another input of microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2), and size of current information back microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2) are handled.

2, storage battery charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (4) are made up of VMOS switching tube and transformer T, VMOS switching tube source electrode connects the ground of commutation supply voltage circuit (1), the drain electrode of VMOS switching tube connects the end of transformer T, the power supply of (1) of another termination commutation supply voltage circuit of transformer T, the secondary output of transformer T connects charging and sampling loop.

3, storage battery charger according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: microcomputer waveform generation and control circuit (2) are by comparing integrated circuit A1, divider resistance R2, R3, current-limiting resistance R4, R5, photoelectrical coupler, single-chip microcomputer, resistance R 6, R7 and form with door integrated circuit A2, the positive pole of comparator integrated circuit A1 links to each other with the output X1 of charging and sampling loop (3), the negative pole of comparator integrated circuit A1 connects the end of divider resistance R2, the divider resistance R2 other end links to each other with power supply, the negative pole of comparator integrated circuit A1 also connects the end of another divider resistance R3, the other end of divider resistance R3 links to each other with power supply ground, the output of comparator integrated circuit A1 is connected with the end of current-limiting resistance R4, the other end of current-limiting resistance R4 connects the positive pole of the elementary luminous tube of photoelectrical coupler, the negative pole of the elementary luminous tube of photoelectrical coupler connects power supply output ground, one end of the secondary adopter of photoelectrical coupler connects the end of current-limiting resistance R5, the other end of R5 connects power supply output, the other end of the secondary adopter of photoelectrical coupler is connected with power supply ground, one end of the secondary adopter of photoelectrical coupler also is connected with resistance R 6, the other end of R6 connects the interruption input port INTO of single-chip microcomputer, the parallel delivery outlet line P1.0 of single-chip microcomputer connects an input pin with door integrated circuit A2, the parallel delivery outlet line P1.1 of single-chip microcomputer connects another input pin with door integrated circuit A2, be connected with an end of resistance R 7 with the output of door integrated circuit, the other end of resistance R 7 connects the grid X5 of VMOS switching tube.