CN100474733C

CN100474733C - Accumulator charger and charging method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN100474733C
Application number: CNB2006100872373A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨龙兴
Original assignee: Jiangsu University of Technology
Current assignee: Jiangsu University of Technology
Priority date: 2006-06-14
Filing date: 2006-06-14
Publication date: 2009-04-01
Anticipated expiration: 2026-06-14
Also published as: CN1866664A

Abstract

The invention discloses an accumulator charger and charging method, which comprises the following parts: commutating circuit, pulse power amplification and transformation circuit, charging sampling circuit and microcomputer control circuit. The charger uses down rectangular wave pulse charging to produce segment charging peak current within ideal curved scale, which eliminates accumulator resistance polarization and concentration polarization of common intelligent charger. When the pulse down segment stops charging, the accumulator possesses enough cooling restoring time. The invention realizes rapid charging, which lengthens utility lifetime of accumulator.

Description

Accumulator charger and charge-up method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Accumulator charger and charge-up method.

Background technology

The charging process of storage battery is a very complicated electrochemical reaction process, because its charging process of storage battery that each producer produced, charging current size and Changing Pattern thereof are all inequality, and common constant current intelligent charger is when charging near final voltage, the scope that has exceeded the ideal charging curve, can not satisfy the ideal charging requirement of storage battery, make the electrolyte of storage battery discharge a large amount of gases and the temperature of storage battery is raise, cause storage battery ohmic polarization and concentration polarization, reduced the useful life of storage battery, Chinese patent 88107780.1 discloses a kind of " the intelligent quick charger of dynamic tracking ", it adopts system controlled by computer, the quick charger structure of dynamic tracking formula realizes charging process, but its complex structure, in the process of charging,, the temperature of storage battery is raise owing to adopt the mode of trickle charge, the storage battery ohmic polarization and the concentration polarization that cause, the useful life of having reduced storage battery.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, can prolong the storage battery Accumulator charger and charge-up method in useful life.

The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention provides a kind of battery charger, includes rectification circuit, Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit, charging sampling loop and microcomputer control circuit; The input of described rectification circuit is connected with AC network, an output of rectification circuit is connected with the input of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit, the output of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit is connected with the input of charging sampling loop, the output of charging sampling loop is connected with the two ends of battery to be charged, the sampling output of charging sampling loop is connected with an input of microcomputer control circuit, and another output of rectification circuit is connected with the power end of microcomputer control circuit; Described charging sampling loop includes rectifier diode, first electrochemical capacitor, sampling resistor and divider resistance, the 3rd resistance; The positive pole of described rectifier diode is connected with an end of the secondary coil of transformer, and the negative pole of rectifier diode is connected with the positive pole of battery to be charged; The positive pole of first electrochemical capacitor is connected with the negative pole of rectifier diode, the minus earth of first electrochemical capacitor; Divider resistance, the 3rd resistance series connection back one end are connected other end ground connection with the negative pole of rectifier diode; One end of sampling resistor is connected with the other end of the secondary coil of transformer, the other end ground connection of sampling resistor; Described microcomputer control circuit includes single-chip microcomputer, integrated package of pressure-stabilizing, direct current transport and placing device, buffer amplifier, the 8th resistance, the 9th resistance, the tenth resistance and second electrochemical capacitor; The input of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing is connected with an output of rectification circuit by the 4th resistance, the output of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing is connected with the power end of single-chip microcomputer, the output of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing also is connected with the positive pole of second electrochemical capacitor, the minus earth of second electrochemical capacitor; Sampling resistor is connected by the positive input terminal of the 5th resistance with the direct current transport and placing device as the voltage signal sampling end with the junction of transformer, the negative input end of direct current transport and placing device is by the 6th grounding through resistance, the output of direct current transport and placing device is connected with first signal input part of single-chip microcomputer by the 8th resistance, and the output of direct current transport and placing device also is connected with its negative input end by the 7th resistance; The junction of divider resistance, the 3rd resistance is connected with the secondary signal input of single-chip microcomputer as the signal sampling end; The control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer is connected with the input of buffer amplifier by the 9th resistance, and the output of buffer amplifier is connected with the signal input end of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit by the tenth resistance.

Described Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit include VMOS switching tube and transformer; The input of VMOS switching tube is connected with the output of rectification circuit and the primary coil of transformer respectively with output, and the VMOS control end of switching tube is connected with the control signal output ends of microcomputer control circuit; The secondary input with the charging sampling loop of transformer is connected.

Accumulator charging method of the present invention comprises: in charging early stage, a group of sending of the control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer rests square wave, and this rests square wave and comprises pulse generation section and the pulse section of resting; The frequency of the pulse generation section in the square wave of resting is 30KHz～50KHz, and the pulse section of resting is per 3 seconds 1 time; After the square wave that rests cushions amplification in the same way through the 9th resistive isolation and buffering amplifier, after the tenth resistance current limliting, directly drive the VMOS switching tube and carry out switch on and off, thereby the high direct voltage that the rectification circuit rectification is obtained is transformed to pulse voltage, transformer secondary obtains the lower pulse voltage crossed through transformation, after the rectifies and the first electrochemical capacitor filtering, provide the charge in batteries required voltage; Continuation along with charging process, battery tension constantly raises, charging current then begins to descend, sampled voltage is by the anode input of voltage signal sampling end from the direct current transport and placing device, after the direct current transport and placing device amplifies, resting during the pulse generation section of square wave, first signal input part by single-chip microcomputer is gathered, single-chip microcomputer is by the comparison of data during the pulse section of resting, then calling processor changes the pulsewidth of pulse generation section and the length of the delay time between arteries and veins when finding that sampled voltage descends, and keeps the constant of pulse generation section peak current; In the later stage of charging, gather by the secondary signal input of single-chip microcomputer behind battery tension process divider resistance, the 3rd electric resistance partial pressure, obtain the numerical value of battery tension height, after arriving setting voltage value, storage battery begins to finish charging by the charging of electric current decline curve until storage battery.

The present invention has positive effect: the present invention rests the square wave pulse current charge in the early stage of charging with the peak value constant current, the later stage of charging allows peak value rest the square wave pulse current and follows the tracks of storage battery ideal charging curve negotiating and change and rest the size of pulse current charge peak current, making charging later stage pulse current charge peak current can follow the tracks of the charging curve electric current diminishes gradually, the pulse section of the resting time interval is constant, make storage battery that sufficient recovery temperature fall time be arranged, also replenished the otherness of each producer's charging curve.So both made and produced the peak current of section charging all the time within desirable charging curve scope in pulse, stop charging in the pulse section of resting again, allow storage battery that sufficient recovery temperature fall time is arranged, caused storage battery ohmic polarization of general intelligence charger and concentration polarization have been eliminated, on the simple basis of charger construction, not only realized quick charge, but also prolonged useful life of storage battery.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of battery charger;

Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of battery charger;

Fig. 3 rests the schematic diagram of wave impulse waveform;

Fig. 4 rests the flow chart that square wave forms.

Embodiment

See Fig. 1, battery charger of the present invention includes rectification circuit 1, Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 2, charging sampling loop 3 and microcomputer control circuit 4; The input of described rectification circuit 1 is connected with AC network, an output of rectification circuit 1 is connected with the input of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 2, the output of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 2 is connected with the input of charging sampling loop 3, the output of charging sampling loop 3 is connected with the two ends of battery to be charged, the sampling output of charging sampling loop 3 is connected with an input of microcomputer control circuit 4, and another output of rectification circuit 1 is connected with the power end of microcomputer control circuit 4.

See Fig. 2, electric sampling loop 3 includes rectifier diode D1, the first electrochemical capacitor C1, sampling resistor R1 and divider resistance R2, the 3rd resistance R 3; The positive pole of described rectifier diode D1 is connected with an end of the secondary coil of transformer T, and the negative pole of rectifier diode D1 is connected with the positive pole of battery to be charged; The positive pole of the first electrochemical capacitor C1 is connected with the negative pole of rectifier diode D1, the minus earth of the first electrochemical capacitor C1; Divider resistance R2, the 3rd resistance R 3 series connection backs one end are connected other end ground connection with the negative pole of rectifier diode D1; The end of sampling resistor R1 is connected with the other end of the secondary coil of transformer T, the other end ground connection of sampling resistor R1.

See Fig. 2, microcomputer control circuit 4 includes single-chip microcomputer IC1, integrated package of pressure-stabilizing IC2, direct current transport and placing device IC3, buffer amplifier IC4, the 8th resistance R 8, the 9th resistance R 9, the tenth resistance R 10 and the second electrochemical capacitor C2, single-chip microcomputer IC1 is the P87LPC767 single-chip microcomputer that inside has FLASH program storage and 4 road A/D converters, the direct current transport and placing device is that model is the integrated circuit of LM358, and buffer amplifier is that model is 4050 integrated circuits; The input of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing IC2 is connected with an output of rectification circuit 1 by the 4th resistance R 4, the output of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing IC2 is connected with the power supply VCC end of single-chip microcomputer IC1, the output of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing IC2 also is connected with the positive pole of the second electrochemical capacitor C2, the minus earth of the second electrochemical capacitor C2; Sampling resistor R1 is connected by the positive input terminal of the 5th resistance R 5 with direct current transport and placing device IC3 as the voltage signal sampling end with the junction of transformer T, the negative input end of direct current transport and placing device IC3 is by the 6th resistance R 6 ground connection, the output of direct current transport and placing device IC3 is connected with the first signal input part AD1 of single-chip microcomputer IC1 by the 8th resistance R 8, and the output of direct current transport and placing device IC3 also is connected with its negative input end by the 7th resistance R 7; The junction of divider resistance R2, the 3rd resistance R 3 is connected with the secondary signal input AD0 of single-chip microcomputer IC1 as the signal sampling end; The control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer IC1 is connected with the input of buffer amplifier IC4 by the 9th resistance R 9, and the output of buffer amplifier IC4 is connected with the signal input end of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 2 by the tenth resistance R 10.

Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit 2 include VMOS switching tube U1 and transformer T; The input of VMOS switching tube U1 is connected with the output of rectification circuit 1 and the primary coil of transformer T respectively with output, and the control end of VMOS switching tube U1 (being the signal input end of transforming circuit 2) is connected with the control signal output ends of microcomputer control circuit 4; The secondary input with charging sampling loop 3 of transformer T is connected.

Charge the time, adopt the square wave pulse that rests that storage battery is charged with pulse generation section A and the pulse section of resting B, pulse generation section A is by constituting (as shown in Figure 3) between pulsewidth and arteries and veins.Voltage height in the early stage of charging by the storage battery of monitoring, rest the length of delay time between the pulsewidth of square wave pulse generation section A and arteries and veins by microcomputer control circuit 4 control breaks, keep resting the constant of square wave pulse generation section A peak current, rest the square wave pulse current charge with the peak value constant current; In the later stage of charging, the height of voltage according to the storage battery of monitoring, the circulation time-delay that is formed pulsewidth by microcomputer control circuit 4 control impuls segment occurred A is shortened gradually, the circulation time-delay that forms between arteries and veins increases gradually, and the frequency height of pulse generation section A is constant, thereby change and to rest the size of pulse current charge peak current, allow and rest the peak current of square wave pulse and follow the tracks of storage battery ideal charging curve, and then finish charging storage battery.

In charging early stage, the control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer IC1 is that a group of sending of parallel port line P1.0 end rests the square wave pulse, and the frequency of square wave pulse generation section of resting is 30KHz～50KHz, the square wave pulse section of resting of resting per approximately 3 seconds 1 time.The pulse generation section A of square wave of resting provides Switching Power Supply pulse transformer T required driving pulse frequency, produce the required pulse peak current of charge in batteries, the square wave pulse section of the resting B that rests provides charging idle hours once in about 3 seconds, and storage battery produces bubble and temperature raises in case be recharged.Rest square wave waveform as shown in Figure 3, the rectangle that rests involves forming process such as Fig. 2,3, shown in 4, define timing earlier and call number of times regularly, in timing circulates at interval and regularly, send and rest square wave pulse generation section A, produce the pulse of 30KHz～50KHz, after 9 isolation of process resistance R and buffering amplifier IC4 cushion amplification in the same way, after resistance R 10 current limlitings, directly drive the VMOS switching tube and carry out switch on and off, thereby will be transformed to the required pulse voltage of Switching Power Supply through the high direct voltage that the alternating current 220V rectification obtains, Switching Power Supply pulse transformer T secondary obtains the lower pulse voltage crossed through transformation, after the rectifier diode D1 rectification and the first electrochemical capacitor C1 filtering, provide the charge in batteries required voltage.Continuation along with charging process, battery tension constantly raises, charging current then begins to descend, in order to shorten the charging interval, guarantee that the peak value charging current between two sections of resting is constant, need not stop to adjust and rest between the pulsewidth and arteries and veins of pulse generation section A of square wave, sampled voltage is by the anode input of voltage signal sampling end (being the junction of sampling resistor R1 and transformer T) from direct current transport and placing device IC3, amplify and the first signal input part AD1 that resting during the pulse generation section A of square wave by single-chip microcomputer IC1 gathers through direct current transport and placing device IC3, resting single-chip microcomputer IC1 during the pulse section of the resting B of square wave by the comparison of data, then calling processor changes and rests the length of delay time between the pulsewidth of square wave pulse generation section A and arteries and veins when finding that sampled voltage descends, and keeps resting the constant of square wave pulse generation section A peak current.

In the later stage of charging, battery tension is through divider resistance R2, secondary signal input AD0 by single-chip microcomputer IC1 after the 3rd resistance R 3 dividing potential drops gathers, obtain the numerical value of battery tension height, after arriving setting voltage value, storage battery begins to charge by the electric current decline curve, promptly adjust short circulation delay time at pulse generation section A, the circulation time-delay that forms pulsewidth is shortened gradually, the circulation time-delay that forms between arteries and veins increases gradually, but it is constant that pulse produces the frequency height of section A, thereby change and to rest the size of pulse current charge peak current, making its charging later stage pulse current charge peak current can follow the tracks of the charging curve electric current diminishes gradually and finishes charging until storage battery, the square wave pulse section of the resting B that rests is after regularly and regularly arriving circulation timei, obtains with long count cycle time-delay.Use regularly and regularly circulation is because the 16 bit timing device timings of single-chip microcomputer IC1 are shorter, just can reach after a plurality of timings and rest the requirement of square wave pulse generation section A time span.

Claims

1, a kind of battery charger includes rectification circuit (1), Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (2), charging sampling loop (3) and microcomputer control circuit (4); The input of described rectification circuit (1) is connected with AC network, an output of rectification circuit (1) is connected with the input of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (2), the output of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (2) is connected with the input of charging sampling loop (3), the output of charging sampling loop (3) is connected with the two ends of battery to be charged, the sampling output of charging sampling loop (3) is connected with an input of microcomputer control circuit (4), and another output of rectification circuit (1) is connected with the power end of microcomputer control circuit (4);

Described charging sampling loop (3) includes rectifier diode (D1), first electrochemical capacitor (C1) and sampling resistor (R1); The positive pole of described rectifier diode (D1) is connected with an end of the secondary coil of transformer (T), and the negative pole of rectifier diode (D1) is connected with the positive pole of battery to be charged; The positive pole of first electrochemical capacitor (C1) is connected with the negative pole of rectifier diode (D1), the minus earth of first electrochemical capacitor (C1); One end of sampling resistor (R1) is connected with the other end of the secondary coil of transformer (T), the other end ground connection of sampling resistor (R1);

Described microcomputer control circuit (4) includes single-chip microcomputer (IC1);

It is characterized in that:

Described charging sampling loop (3) also comprises: divider resistance (R2) and the 3rd resistance (R3); Divider resistance (R2) is connected other end ground connection with the 3rd resistance (R3) series connection back one end with the negative pole of rectifier diode (D1); Described microcomputer control circuit (4) also comprises: integrated package of pressure-stabilizing (IC2), direct current transport and placing device (IC3), buffer amplifier (IC4), the 8th resistance (R8), the 9th resistance (R9), the tenth resistance (R10) and second electrochemical capacitor (C2); The input of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing (IC2) is connected with an output of rectification circuit (1) by the 4th resistance (R4), the output of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing (IC2) is connected with the power end (VCC) of single-chip microcomputer (IC1), the output of integrated package of pressure-stabilizing (IC2) also is connected with the positive pole of second electrochemical capacitor (C2), the minus earth of second electrochemical capacitor (C2); Sampling resistor (R1) is connected by the positive input terminal of the 5th resistance (R5) with direct current transport and placing device (IC3) as the voltage signal sampling end with the junction of transformer (T), the negative input end of direct current transport and placing device (IC3) is by the 6th resistance (R6) ground connection, the output of direct current transport and placing device (IC3) is connected with first signal input part (AD1) of single-chip microcomputer (IC1) by the 8th resistance (R8), and the output of direct current transport and placing device (IC3) also is connected with its negative input end by the 7th resistance (R7); The junction of divider resistance (R2), the 3rd resistance (R3) is connected with the secondary signal input (AD0) of single-chip microcomputer (IC1) as the signal sampling end; The control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer (IC1) is connected with the input of buffer amplifier (IC4) by the 9th resistance (R9), and the output of buffer amplifier (IC4) is connected with the signal input end of Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (2) by the tenth resistance (R10).

2, battery charger according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described Pulse Power Magnification and transforming circuit (2) include VMOS switching tube (U1) and transformer (T); The input of VMOS switching tube (U1) is connected with the output of rectification circuit (1) and the primary coil of transformer (T) respectively with output, and the control end of VMOS switching tube (U1) is connected with the control signal output ends of microcomputer control circuit (4); The secondary input with charging sampling loop (3) of transformer (T) is connected.

3, the charging method of above-mentioned battery charger comprises:

In charging early stage, a group of sending of the control signal output ends of single-chip microcomputer (IC1) rests square wave, and this rests square wave and comprises pulse generation section (A) and the pulse section of resting (B); The frequency of the pulse generation section (A) in the square wave of resting is 30KHz～50KHz, and the pulse section of resting (B) is per 3 seconds 1 time;

After the square wave that rests is isolated through the 9th resistance (R9) and buffering amplifier (IC4) cushion amplification in the same way, after the tenth resistance (R10) current limliting, directly drive VMOS switching tube (U1) and carry out switch on and off, thereby the high direct voltage that rectification circuit (1) rectification is obtained is transformed to pulse voltage, transformer (T) secondary obtains the lower pulse voltage crossed through transformation, after rectifier diode (D1) rectification and first electrochemical capacitor (C1) filtering, provide the charge in batteries required voltage;

Continuation along with charging process, battery tension constantly raises, charging current then begins to descend, sampled voltage is by the anode input of voltage signal sampling end from direct current transport and placing device (IC3), after direct current transport and placing device (IC3) amplifies, resting during the pulse generation section (A) of square wave, first signal input part (AD1) by single-chip microcomputer (IC1) is gathered, single-chip microcomputer (IC1) is by the comparison of data during the pulse section of resting (B), then calling processor changes the pulsewidth of pulse generation section (A) and the length of the delay time between arteries and veins when finding that sampled voltage descends, and keeps the constant of pulse generation section (A) peak current;

In the later stage of charging, gather by the secondary signal input (AD0) of single-chip microcomputer (IC1) after battery tension process divider resistance (R2), the 3rd resistance (R3) dividing potential drop, obtain the numerical value of battery tension height, after arriving setting voltage value, storage battery begins to finish charging by the charging of electric current decline curve until storage battery.