CN103700901B - A kind of multisection type intelligent charging method - Google Patents
A kind of multisection type intelligent charging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103700901B CN103700901B CN201410009105.3A CN201410009105A CN103700901B CN 103700901 B CN103700901 B CN 103700901B CN 201410009105 A CN201410009105 A CN 201410009105A CN 103700901 B CN103700901 B CN 103700901B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及可充电电池的充电方法，具体地说，是一种多段式智能充电方法。The invention relates to a charging method for a rechargeable battery, in particular to a multi-stage intelligent charging method.
背景技术Background technique
可充电电池特别是铅酸蓄电池(6V、12V、24V)在日常生活中应用很广泛，正确良好的充电方法可以确保电池的寿命。怎样可以更好的给电池充电，怎样充电可以减小对电池的损害，怎样修复电池、延长电池寿命就成了人们需要考虑和解决的问题。申请号为201210275223.X的专利文献公开了一种多段式电池模块充电方法及其装置，该方法是将定电流充电分成数阶段，每阶段有不同的电流值以及充电时间，当充电达预定电压后，再进行定电压充电。该充电方法能稳定电压、提升电池充电效率，但该充电方法是适用于包括多个电芯并联组的电池模块。关于本发明针对可充电电池的充电方法，目前还未见报道。Rechargeable batteries, especially lead-acid batteries (6V, 12V, 24V) are widely used in daily life, and correct and good charging methods can ensure the battery life. How to charge the battery better, how to charge to reduce the damage to the battery, how to repair the battery and prolong the life of the battery have become problems that people need to consider and solve. The patent document with the application number 201210275223.X discloses a multi-stage battery module charging method and its device. The method is to divide the constant current charging into several stages, and each stage has a different current value and charging time. When the charging reaches a predetermined voltage After that, charge at a constant voltage. This charging method can stabilize voltage and improve battery charging efficiency, but this charging method is suitable for battery modules that include multiple battery cells connected in parallel. About the charging method of the present invention for rechargeable battery, there is no report yet.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中的不足，提供一种多段式智能充电方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage intelligent charging method for the deficiencies in the prior art.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：For realizing above-mentioned object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
一种多段式智能充电方法，适用于可充电电池，包括下列步骤：A multi-stage intelligent charging method is applicable to rechargeable batteries, comprising the following steps:
(1)诊断，检测电池电压，判断充电器下一步动作，是预充、软启动、报错接、报坏电池还是报充满；(1) Diagnosis, detecting the battery voltage, and judging the next action of the charger, whether it is pre-charging, soft-starting, reporting a wrong connection, reporting a bad battery or reporting a full charge;
(2)软启动，充电电流从小到大慢慢升起，防止充电电流突变给电池带来冲击，保护电池；(2) Soft start, the charging current rises slowly from small to large, preventing the sudden change of charging current from impacting the battery and protecting the battery;
(3)恒流一，以电流I1给电池充电直到电池电压到达V4；(3) Constant current one, charge the battery with current I1 until the battery voltage reaches V4;
(4)恒流二，以电流I2给电池充电直到电池电压到达V3；(4) Constant current two, charge the battery with current I2 until the battery voltage reaches V3;
(5)恒流三，以电流I3给电池充电直到电池电压到达充满电压V2；(5) Constant current three, charge the battery with the current I3 until the battery voltage reaches the full voltage V2;
(6)恒压，电池电压保持不变，慢慢降低充电电流直到充电电流到达I4；(6) Constant voltage, the battery voltage remains unchanged, slowly reduce the charging current until the charging current reaches I4;
(7)充满，当电池电压到达充满电压V2且充电电流小于I4时，电池已充满，关断充电开关，停止充电；(7) Fully charged, when the battery voltage reaches the full voltage V2 and the charging current is less than I4, the battery is fully charged, turn off the charging switch, and stop charging;
(8)重新充电，充满一段时间之后，电池电压下跌到V5时，充电器给电池重新充电；(8) Recharge, after a period of time, when the battery voltage drops to V5, the charger will recharge the battery;
其中，V2＞V3＞V4＞V5，I1＞I2＞I3＞I4。Among them, V2>V3>V4>V5, I1>I2>I3>I4.
作为本发明的一种实施方式，在所述的诊断步骤和软启动步骤之间还有预充步骤，是当电池电压很低时，为了保护电池以小电流给电池充电，直到电池电压到达一安全值。As an embodiment of the present invention, there is a pre-charging step between the diagnosis step and the soft start step, which is to charge the battery with a small current in order to protect the battery when the battery voltage is very low until the battery voltage reaches a certain level. safe value.
作为本发明的一种实施方式，在所述的诊断步骤和软启动步骤之间还有脉冲去硫化步骤和预充步骤，脉冲去硫化步骤是找出硫化的电池，以脉冲电流和电压清除电池极板上的硫化物，恢复电池容量；预充步骤是当电池电压很低时，为了保护电池以小电流给电池充电，直到电池电压到达一安全值。As an embodiment of the present invention, there are pulse desulfurization steps and pre-charging steps between the diagnosis step and the soft start step. The pulse desulfurization step is to find out the sulfurized battery and clear the battery with pulse current and voltage. The sulfide on the plate restores the battery capacity; the pre-charging step is to charge the battery with a small current in order to protect the battery when the battery voltage is very low until the battery voltage reaches a safe value.
作为本发明的一种实施方式，在所述的充满步骤和重新充电步骤之间还有高压修复步骤，是当电池充满后电压下降太快时，说明电池容量已变小，这时以持续高压给电池充电，使电池内部产生一些可控气体与电池内部的酸性物质混合，恢复电池容量。进一步地，在所述的诊断步骤和软启动步骤之间还有预充步骤，是当电池电压很低时，为了保护电池以小电流给电池充电，直到电池电压到达一安全值；或者是，在所述的诊断步骤和软启动步骤之间还有脉冲去硫化步骤和预充步骤，脉冲去硫化步骤是找出硫化的电池，以脉冲电流和电压清除电池极板上的硫化物，恢复电池容量；预充步骤是当电池电压很低时，为了保护电池以小电流给电池充电，直到电池电压到达一安全值。As an embodiment of the present invention, there is a high voltage repair step between the full charging step and the recharging step. When the voltage drops too fast after the battery is full, it means that the battery capacity has become smaller. Charge the battery to make some controllable gas inside the battery mix with the acidic substances inside the battery to restore the battery capacity. Further, there is a pre-charging step between the diagnostic step and the soft-start step, which is to charge the battery with a small current in order to protect the battery when the battery voltage is very low until the battery voltage reaches a safe value; or, There are also pulse desulfurization steps and precharge steps between the diagnostic step and the soft start step. The pulse desulfurization step is to find out the sulfurized battery, remove the sulfide on the battery pole plate with pulse current and voltage, and restore the battery. Capacity; the pre-charging step is to charge the battery with a small current in order to protect the battery when the battery voltage is very low until the battery voltage reaches a safe value.
综上所述，本发明充电方法有以下几种方式，但不限于所列方式：In summary, the charging method of the present invention has the following methods, but not limited to the listed methods:
(Ⅰ)诊断、软启动、恒流一、恒流二、恒流三、恒压、充满、重新充电；(I) Diagnosis, soft start, constant current 1, constant current 2, constant current 3, constant voltage, full charge, recharge;
(Ⅱ)诊断、预充、软启动、恒流一、恒流二、恒流三、恒压、充满、重新充电；(Ⅱ) Diagnosis, pre-charging, soft start, constant current 1, constant current 2, constant current 3, constant voltage, full charge, recharge;
(Ⅲ)诊断、脉冲去硫化、预充、软启动、恒流一、恒流二、恒流三、恒压、充满、重新充电；(Ⅲ) Diagnosis, pulse desulfurization, precharge, soft start, constant current 1, constant current 2, constant current 3, constant voltage, full charge, recharge;
(Ⅳ)诊断、软启动、恒流一、恒流二、恒流三、恒压、充满、高压修复、重新充电；(Ⅳ) Diagnosis, soft start, constant current one, constant current two, constant current three, constant voltage, full charge, high voltage repair, recharge;
(Ⅴ)诊断、预充、软启动、恒流一、恒流二、恒流三、恒压、充满、高压修复、重新充电；(Ⅴ) Diagnosis, pre-charging, soft start, constant current one, constant current two, constant current three, constant voltage, full charge, high voltage repair, recharge;
(Ⅵ)诊断、脉冲去硫化、预充、软启动、恒流一、恒流二、恒流三、恒压、充满、高压修复、重新充电。(VI) Diagnosis, pulse desulfurization, precharge, soft start, constant current one, constant current two, constant current three, constant voltage, full charge, high voltage repair, recharge.
实现本发明充电方法的充电器包括单片机、控制电路、开关电源、继电器K1、两个二极管、三极管Q1、两个电容和十个电阻，其中控制电路一端与单片机连接，另一端与开关电源连接，开关电源的另一端分别接继电器K1和接系统地；The charger realizing the charging method of the present invention comprises a single-chip microcomputer, a control circuit, a switching power supply, a relay K1, two diodes, a triode Q1, two capacitors and ten resistors, wherein one end of the control circuit is connected with the single-chip microcomputer, and the other end is connected with the switching power supply, The other end of the switching power supply is connected to the relay K1 and the system ground respectively;
所述单片机1脚与电阻九R9相连，输出脉冲宽度调制PWM，通过阻容滤波之后控制充电电压，单片机2脚与电阻十一R11相连，输出脉冲宽度调制PWM，通过阻容滤波之后控制充电电流，单片机3脚与电阻三R3相连，控制继电器K1的通断，单片机4脚与电阻一R1、电阻二R2相连，采集电池电压，单片机5脚与电阻七R7相连，采集充电电流，单片机6脚连接+5V电源，单片机7脚接系统地；Pin 1 of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with resistor 9 R9, output pulse width modulation PWM, and control the charging voltage after passing through resistance-capacitance filtering, pin 2 of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with resistance eleven R11, output pulse width modulation PWM, and control charging current after passing resistance-capacitance filtering , Pin 3 of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with resistor three R3 to control the on-off of the relay K1, pin 4 of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with resistor one R1 and resistor two R2 to collect battery voltage, pin 5 of the single-chip microcomputer is connected to resistor seven R7 to collect charging current, and pin 6 of the single-chip microcomputer is connected Connect to the +5V power supply, and the 7-pin of the microcontroller is connected to the system ground;
电阻一R1一脚接电池正极，另一脚与电阻二R2相连；电阻二R2一脚与电阻一R1相连，另一脚接系统地；电阻三R3一脚接单片机3脚，另一脚接三极管Q1基极；电阻五R5一脚接+12V电源，另一脚接第一二极管D1正极；电阻六R6一脚与电池负极相连，另一脚接系统地；电阻七R7一脚与单片机5脚相连，另一脚接电池负极；电阻八R8一脚与电阻九R9相连，另一脚接控制电路；电阻九R9一脚与单片机1脚相连，另一脚与电阻八R8相连；电阻十R10一脚接控制电路，另一脚与电阻十一R11相连；电阻十一R11一脚与单片机2脚相连，另一脚与电阻十R10相连；第一电容C4一脚与电阻八R8、电阻九R9相连，另一脚接系统地；第二电容C5一脚与电阻十R10、电阻十一R11相连，另一脚接系统地；One leg of resistor one R1 is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the other leg is connected to resistor two R2; one leg of resistor two R2 is connected to resistor one R1, and the other leg is connected to the system ground; one leg of resistor three R3 is connected to pin 3 of the microcontroller, and the other leg is connected to The base of transistor Q1; one leg of resistor five R5 is connected to +12V power supply, the other leg is connected to the positive pole of the first diode D1; one leg of resistor six R6 is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the other leg is connected to the system ground; one leg of resistor seven R7 is connected to The 5 pins of the microcontroller are connected, and the other pin is connected to the negative pole of the battery; the resistor 8 R8 is connected to the resistor 9 R9, and the other pin is connected to the control circuit; the resistor 9 R9 is connected to the 1 pin of the microcontroller, and the other pin is connected to the resistor 8 R8; One leg of resistor ten R10 is connected to the control circuit, and the other leg is connected to resistor eleven R11; one leg of resistor eleven R11 is connected to pin 2 of the microcontroller, and the other leg is connected to resistor ten R10; one leg of the first capacitor C4 is connected to resistor eight R8 1. Resistor 9 is connected to R9, and the other leg is connected to the system ground; one leg of the second capacitor C5 is connected to resistor 10 R10 and resistor 11 R11, and the other leg is connected to the system ground;
第一二极管D1正极与电阻五R5相连，负极接继电器K1的2脚；第二二极管D2正极接三极管Q1集电极，负极接继电器K1的2脚；The positive pole of the first diode D1 is connected to the resistor R5, and the negative pole is connected to the 2-pin of the relay K1; the positive pole of the second diode D2 is connected to the collector of the triode Q1, and the negative pole is connected to the 2-pin of the relay K1;
三极管Q1基极与电阻三R3相连，集电极与第二二极管D2正极相连，发射极接系统地；The base of the triode Q1 is connected to the resistor R3, the collector is connected to the anode of the second diode D2, and the emitter is connected to the system ground;
继电器K1的1脚与三极管Q1集电极相连，2脚与第一二极管D1负极相连，3脚和4脚短接后与开关电源输出正极相连，5脚与电池正极相连。Pin 1 of the relay K1 is connected to the collector of the triode Q1, pin 2 is connected to the negative pole of the first diode D1, pin 3 and pin 4 are short-circuited and then connected to the positive pole of the switching power supply output, and pin 5 is connected to the positive pole of the battery.
不同的电池有不同的充满电压，6V电池的充满电压为7.2V；12V电池的充满电压为14.6V；24V电池的充满电压为28.8V。老化的电池可以采用上述第(Ⅵ)种充电方法，正常的电池可以采用第(Ⅰ)种充电方法，正常低压电池可以采用第(Ⅱ)种充电方法。Different batteries have different full voltage, the full voltage of 6V battery is 7.2V; the full voltage of 12V battery is 14.6V; the full voltage of 24V battery is 28.8V. The aging battery can adopt the above charging method (VI), the normal battery can adopt the charging method (I), and the normal low-voltage battery can adopt the charging method (II).
本发明优点在于：The present invention has the advantage that:
1、本发明多段式智能充电方法具有去硫化功能，硫化严重的电池用普通充电方法充电时会很快充满，但电池内部实际并没有充进多少电量，用高压脉冲可以清除电池极板上的硫化物，增加电池容量；1. The multi-stage intelligent charging method of the present invention has the function of desulfurization. The battery with serious sulfuration will be fully charged when it is charged by the ordinary charging method, but the battery is not actually charged with much power. The high-voltage pulse can remove the sulfide on the battery plate. Sulfide, increase battery capacity;
2、具有预充功能，电池电压很低时，用大电流充电会对电池造成很大伤害，损害电池寿命，先用小电流把电池电压充到一安全值，可以有效保护电池，延长电池寿命；2. It has pre-charging function. When the battery voltage is very low, charging with a large current will cause great damage to the battery and damage the battery life. First use a small current to charge the battery voltage to a safe value, which can effectively protect the battery and prolong the battery life. ;
3、具有软启动功能，充电电流从小到大慢慢升起，防止充电电流突变给电池带来冲击，保护电池；3. With soft start function, the charging current rises slowly from small to large, preventing the sudden change of charging current from impacting the battery and protecting the battery;
4、正常充电时电流分段，长期以大电流给电池充电会损害电池，随着电池电压的升高逐步降低电流可以减少对电池的损害，延长电池寿命；4. The current is segmented during normal charging. Charging the battery with a large current for a long time will damage the battery. Gradually reducing the current with the increase of the battery voltage can reduce the damage to the battery and prolong the battery life;
5、具有修复功能，老化电池在充满后，电池电压会降的很快，这时以持续高压对其进行修复，可恢复电池容量。5. It has the function of repairing. After the aging battery is fully charged, the battery voltage will drop quickly. At this time, it can be repaired with continuous high voltage to restore the battery capacity.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图1是老化电池的充电曲线图。Accompanying drawing 1 is the charging curve chart of aging battery.
附图2是充电电路图。Accompanying drawing 2 is charging circuit diagram.
附图3是正常电池的充电曲线图。Accompanying drawing 3 is the charging curve chart of normal battery.
附图4是正常低压电池的充电曲线图。Accompanying drawing 4 is the charging curve chart of normal low voltage battery.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明提供的具体实施方式作详细说明。The specific embodiments provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
以12V电池、10A充电机为例，12V电池的充满电压为14.6V。针对老化电池的多段式智能充电方法，请参照图1的充电曲线图，包括下列步骤：Taking a 12V battery and a 10A charger as an example, the full voltage of the 12V battery is 14.6V. For the multi-stage intelligent charging method for aging batteries, please refer to the charging curve diagram in Figure 1, including the following steps:
(1)诊断，检测电池电压，判断充电器下一步动作；(1) Diagnosis, detecting the battery voltage, and judging the next action of the charger;
(2)脉冲去硫化，以脉冲电流和电压清除电池极板上的硫化物，恢复电池容量；(2) Pulse desulfurization, remove the sulfide on the battery plate with pulse current and voltage, and restore the battery capacity;
(3)预充，当电池电压低于12V时，为了保护电池以小电流给电池充电，直到电池电压到达一安全值；(3) Precharge, when the battery voltage is lower than 12V, in order to protect the battery, charge the battery with a small current until the battery voltage reaches a safe value;
(4)软启动，充电电流从小到大慢慢升起，防止充电电流突变给电池带来冲击，保护电池；(4) Soft start, the charging current rises slowly from small to large, preventing the sudden change of charging current from impacting the battery and protecting the battery;
(5)恒流一，以电流I1给电池充电直到电池电压到达13.6V；(5) Constant current one, charge the battery with current I1 until the battery voltage reaches 13.6V;
(6)恒流二，以电流I2给电池充电直到电池电压到达14V；(6) Constant current two, charge the battery with current I2 until the battery voltage reaches 14V;
(7)恒流三，以电流I3给电池充电直到电池电压到达充满电压14.6V；(7) Constant current three, charge the battery with current I3 until the battery voltage reaches the full voltage of 14.6V;
(8)恒压，电池电压保持不变，慢慢降低充电电流直到充电电流到达I4；(8) Constant voltage, the battery voltage remains unchanged, slowly reduce the charging current until the charging current reaches I4;
(9)充满，当电池电压到达充满电压14.6V且充电电流小于I4时，电池已充满，关断充电开关，停止充电；(9) Fully charged, when the battery voltage reaches the full voltage of 14.6V and the charging current is less than I4, the battery is fully charged, turn off the charging switch, and stop charging;
(10)高压修复，当电池充满后电压下降太快时，说明电池容量已变小，这时以持续高压给电池充电，使电池内部产生一些可控气体与电池内部的酸性物质混合，恢复电池容量；(10) High voltage repair, when the voltage drops too fast after the battery is fully charged, it means that the battery capacity has become smaller. At this time, the battery is charged with continuous high voltage, so that some controllable gas will be generated inside the battery to mix with the acidic substances inside the battery, and the battery will be restored. capacity;
(11)重新充电，充满一段时间之后，电池电压下跌到12.8V时，充电器给电池重新充电。(11) Recharge. After a period of time, when the battery voltage drops to 12.8V, the charger will recharge the battery.
其中，I1为10A，I2为7.55A，I3为5A，I4为0.8A。Among them, I1 is 10A, I2 is 7.55A, I3 is 5A, and I4 is 0.8A.
实现该多段式智能充电方法的充电器包括单片机IC1、控制电路、开关电源、继电器K1、两个二极管、三极管Q1、两个电容和十个电阻，请参照图2所示的电路图，其中控制电路一端与单片机连接，另一端与开关电源连接，开关电源的另一端分别接继电器K1和接系统地。The charger for implementing this multi-stage intelligent charging method includes a single-chip microcomputer IC1, a control circuit, a switching power supply, a relay K1, two diodes, a triode Q1, two capacitors and ten resistors. Please refer to the circuit diagram shown in Figure 2, in which the control circuit One end is connected to the single chip microcomputer, the other end is connected to the switching power supply, and the other end of the switching power supply is respectively connected to the relay K1 and the system ground.
所述单片机IC1的1脚与电阻九R9相连，输出脉冲宽度调制PWM，通过阻容滤波之后控制充电电压；单片机IC1的2脚与电阻十一R11相连，输出脉冲宽度调制PWM，通过阻容滤波之后控制充电电流；单片机IC1的3脚与电阻三R3相连，控制继电器K1的通断；单片机IC1的4脚与电阻一R1、电阻二R2相连，采集电池电压；单片机IC1的5脚与电阻七R7相连，采集充电电流；单片机IC1的6脚连接+5V电源，单片机IC1的7脚接系统地。Pin 1 of the single-chip microcomputer IC1 is connected with resistor 9 R9, output pulse width modulation PWM, and control the charging voltage after passing through resistance-capacitance filtering; pin 2 of single-chip microcomputer IC1 is connected with resistor 11 R11, output pulse width modulation PWM, pass resistance-capacitance filtering Then control the charging current; the pin 3 of the single chip IC1 is connected with the resistor three R3 to control the on-off of the relay K1; the pin four of the single chip IC1 is connected with the resistor one R1 and the resistor two R2 to collect the battery voltage; the pin five of the single chip IC1 is connected with the resistor seven R7 is connected to collect the charging current; pin 6 of the microcontroller IC1 is connected to the +5V power supply, and pin 7 of the microcontroller IC1 is connected to the system ground.
电阻一R1一脚接电池正极，另一脚与电阻二R2相连；电阻二R2一脚与电阻一R1相连，另一脚接系统地；电阻三R3一脚接单片机IC1的3脚，另一脚接三极管Q1基极；电阻五R5一脚接+12V电源，另一脚接二极管D1正极；电阻六R6一脚与电池负极相连，另一脚接系统地；电阻七R7一脚与单片机IC1的5脚相连，另一脚接电池负极；电阻八R8一脚与电阻九R9相连，另一脚接控制电路；电阻九R9一脚与单片机IC1的1脚相连，另一脚与电阻八R8相连；电阻十R10一脚接控制电路，另一脚与电阻十一R11相连；电阻十一R11一脚与单片机IC1的2脚相连，另一脚与电阻十R10相连。One leg of resistor one R1 is connected to the positive pole of the battery, the other leg is connected to resistor two R2; one leg of resistor two R2 is connected to resistor one R1, and the other leg is connected to the system ground; one leg of resistor three R3 is connected to pin 3 of microcontroller IC1, One leg of resistor five R5 is connected to +12V power supply, the other leg is connected to the positive pole of diode D1; one leg of resistor six R6 is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the other leg is connected to the system ground; one leg of resistor seven R7 is connected to the microcontroller IC1 The 5 pins of the resistor are connected, and the other pin is connected to the negative pole of the battery; the resistor 8 R8 is connected to the resistor 9 R9, and the other pin is connected to the control circuit; the resistor 9 R9 is connected to the 1 pin of the microcontroller IC1, and the other pin is connected to the resistor 8 R8 Connected; one leg of resistor ten R10 is connected to the control circuit, and the other leg is connected to resistor eleven R11; one leg of resistor eleven R11 is connected to pin 2 of microcontroller IC1, and the other leg is connected to resistor ten R10.
电容C4一脚与电阻八R8、电阻九R9相连，另一脚接系统地；电容五C5一脚与电阻十R10、电阻十一R11相连，另一脚接系统地。One leg of capacitor C4 is connected to resistor eight R8 and resistor nine R9, and the other leg is connected to system ground; one leg of capacitor five C5 is connected to resistor ten R10 and resistor eleven R11, and the other leg is connected to system ground.
二极管D1正极与电阻五R5相连，负极接继电器K1的2脚；二极管D2正极接三极管Q1集电极，负极接继电器K1的2脚；三极管Q1基极与电阻三R3相连，集电极与二极管D2正极相连，发射极接系统地。The anode of diode D1 is connected to resistor 5 R5, and the cathode is connected to pin 2 of relay K1; the anode of diode D2 is connected to the collector of transistor Q1, and the cathode is connected to pin 2 of relay K1; the base of transistor Q1 is connected to resistor 3 R3, and the collector is connected to the anode of diode D2 connected, the emitter is connected to the system ground.
继电器K1的1脚与三极管Q1集电极相连，2脚与二极管D1负极相连，3脚和4脚短接后与开关电源输出正极相连，5脚与电池正极相连。Pin 1 of the relay K1 is connected to the collector of the triode Q1, pin 2 is connected to the negative pole of the diode D1, pin 3 and pin 4 are short-circuited and then connected to the positive pole of the switching power supply, and pin 5 is connected to the positive pole of the battery.
工作原理为：单片机IC1通过4脚检测到待充电电池与充电器相连，通过诊断判断此电池为可充电电池后，单片机IC1的3脚输出高电平把三极管Q1打开，进而把继电器K1打开，单片机IC1通过1脚控制充电电压、2脚控制充电电流给电池充电。充电电流和电压的大小根据图1所示的充电曲线图来控制。The working principle is: the microcontroller IC1 detects that the battery to be charged is connected to the charger through pin 4, and after the diagnosis judges that the battery is a rechargeable battery, the pin 3 of the microcontroller IC1 outputs a high level to turn on the transistor Q1, and then turn on the relay K1. The single-chip microcomputer IC1 charges the battery through pin 1 controlling the charging voltage and pin 2 controlling the charging current. The magnitude of charging current and voltage is controlled according to the charging curve diagram shown in Figure 1 .
实施例2Example 2
以12V电池、10A充电机为例，12V电池的充满电压为14.6V。针对正常电池的多段式智能充电方法，请参照图3的充电曲线图，包括下列步骤：Taking a 12V battery and a 10A charger as an example, the full voltage of the 12V battery is 14.6V. For the multi-stage intelligent charging method for normal batteries, please refer to the charging curve diagram in Figure 3, including the following steps:
(1)诊断，检测电池电压，判断充电器下一步动作；(1) Diagnosis, detecting the battery voltage, and judging the next action of the charger;
(2)软启动，充电电流从小到大慢慢升起，防止充电电流突变给电池带来冲击，保护电池；(2) Soft start, the charging current rises slowly from small to large, preventing the sudden change of charging current from impacting the battery and protecting the battery;
(3)恒流一，以电流I1给电池充电直到电池电压到达13.6V；(3) Constant current one, charge the battery with current I1 until the battery voltage reaches 13.6V;
(4)恒流二，以电流I2给电池充电直到电池电压到达14V；(4) Constant current 2, charge the battery with current I2 until the battery voltage reaches 14V;
(5)恒流三，以电流I3给电池充电直到电池电压到达充满电压14.6V；(5) Constant current three, charge the battery with current I3 until the battery voltage reaches the full voltage of 14.6V;
(6)恒压，电池电压保持不变，慢慢降低充电电流直到充电电流到达I4；(6) Constant voltage, the battery voltage remains unchanged, slowly reduce the charging current until the charging current reaches I4;
(7)充满，当电池电压到达充满电压14.6V且充电电流小于I4时，电池已充满，关断充电开关，停止充电；(7) Fully charged, when the battery voltage reaches the full voltage of 14.6V and the charging current is less than I4, the battery is fully charged, turn off the charging switch, and stop charging;
(8)重新充电，充满一段时间之后，电池电压下跌到12.8V时，充电器给电池重新充电。(8) Recharge. After a period of time, when the battery voltage drops to 12.8V, the charger will recharge the battery.
其中，I1为10A，I2为7.55A，I3为5A，I4为0.8A。Among them, I1 is 10A, I2 is 7.55A, I3 is 5A, and I4 is 0.8A.
实现该多段式智能充电方法的充电器同实施例1中所述。The charger for implementing the multi-stage intelligent charging method is the same as that described in Embodiment 1.
实施例3Example 3
以12V电池、10A充电机为例，12V电池的充满电压为14.6V。针对正常低压电池的多段式智能充电方法，请参照图4的充电曲线图，包括下列步骤：Taking a 12V battery and a 10A charger as an example, the full voltage of the 12V battery is 14.6V. For the multi-stage intelligent charging method for normal low-voltage batteries, please refer to the charging curve diagram in Figure 4, including the following steps:
(1)诊断，检测电池电压，判断充电器下一步动作；(1) Diagnosis, detecting the battery voltage, and judging the next action of the charger;
(2)预充，当电池电压低于12V时，为了保护电池以小电流给电池充电，直到电池电压到达一安全值；(2) Pre-charging, when the battery voltage is lower than 12V, in order to protect the battery, charge the battery with a small current until the battery voltage reaches a safe value;
(3)软启动，充电电流从小到大慢慢升起，防止充电电流突变给电池带来冲击，保护电池；(3) Soft start, the charging current rises slowly from small to large, preventing the sudden change of charging current from impacting the battery and protecting the battery;
(4)恒流一，以电流I1给电池充电直到电池电压到达13.6V；(4) Constant current one, charge the battery with current I1 until the battery voltage reaches 13.6V;
(5)恒流二，以电流I2给电池充电直到电池电压到达14V；(5) Constant current 2, charge the battery with current I2 until the battery voltage reaches 14V;
(6)恒流三，以电流I3给电池充电直到电池电压到达充满电压14.6V；(6) Constant current three, charge the battery with current I3 until the battery voltage reaches the full voltage of 14.6V;
(7)恒压，电池电压保持不变，慢慢降低充电电流直到充电电流到达I4；(7) Constant voltage, the battery voltage remains unchanged, slowly reduce the charging current until the charging current reaches I4;
(8)充满，当电池电压到达充满电压14.6V且充电电流小于I4时，电池已充满，关断充电开关，停止充电；(8) Fully charged, when the battery voltage reaches the full voltage of 14.6V and the charging current is less than I4, the battery is fully charged, turn off the charging switch, and stop charging;
(9)重新充电，充满一段时间之后，电池电压下跌到12.8V时，充电器给电池重新充电。(9) Recharge. After a period of time, when the battery voltage drops to 12.8V, the charger will recharge the battery.
其中，I1为10A，I2为7.55A，I3为5A，I4为0.8A。Among them, I1 is 10A, I2 is 7.55A, I3 is 5A, and I4 is 0.8A.
实现该多段式智能充电方法的充电器同实施例1中所述。The charger for implementing the multi-stage intelligent charging method is the same as that described in Embodiment 1.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明方法的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和补充，这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the method of the present invention, some improvements and supplements can also be made, and these improvements and supplements should also be considered Be the protection scope of the present invention.
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