CN1241042A - Accumulator charging method - Google Patents
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- CN1241042A CN1241042A CN99107577A CN99107577A CN1241042A CN 1241042 A CN1241042 A CN 1241042A CN 99107577 A CN99107577 A CN 99107577A CN 99107577 A CN99107577 A CN 99107577A CN 1241042 A CN1241042 A CN 1241042A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A method for charging a secondary battery includes: a first step of precharging the secondary battery; a second step of measuring a first secondary battery voltage Vba1 after performing the precharging; and a third step of charging the secondary battery based on the measurement of the first secondary battery voltage Vba1.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of charging method of storage battery.
The charging method of storage battery generally can be divided into constant voltage and two kinds of methods of constant current.The constant current method can be charged rapidly but be caused overcharged probably.The constant voltage method generally is controlled at charging voltage on equal or the voltage levvl a little less than the hydrogen that produces in storage battery.As a result, charging current constantly reduces in charging process, and is therefore seldom overcharged.
Yet,, may cause undercharge although the few generation of constant voltage method is overcharged.So, these two kinds of methods of constant voltage and constant current combined use.
In the occasion that is used in combination of two kinds of methods of constant voltage and constant current, control voltage, electric current and charging interval are controlled by strictness so that suitable charge capacity equals about 105% to 120% of discharge electricity amount.
In the last few years, the lead base storage battery had been substituted the lead accumulator of traditional liquid-type and had served as power source such as the various fields that recycle of electric automobile etc.Especially the electrolyte of limiting the quantity of by use is absorbed in the oxygenous case type lead accumulator of negative plate in the battery, is used always.
The hermetic lead accumulator that recycles has various loading conditions, for example, depends on the special device of use, different service time and/or the frequency of use.Therefore, the degree of discharge of hermetic lead accumulator or title " depth of discharge " all are different in each power supply.
Have found that,, only, can not make hermetic lead accumulator show desirable life characteristic with respect to the default certain charge volume of discharge capacity for the above-mentioned hermetic lead accumulator that recycles.
For example, can imagine that one does not have the hermetic lead accumulator of abundant discharge (that is shallow degree discharge) to charge with the charger that fully discharges for hermetic lead accumulator.This charger has high relatively charging voltage.Like this, the life-span of hermetic lead accumulator may significantly shorten, though with discharge capacity to the proportional control of charge volume in the scope that custom is accepted.For with Pa-Ca-Sn alloy (not containing any Sb) as anode grid and use the hermetic lead accumulator of the electrolyte of limiting the quantity of, the problem in this shortening life-span is particularly outstanding.
In addition, above mentioned problem perhaps estimate less than situation under take place perhaps may not take place, and depend on the mode of the closely-related device of employed and this hermetic lead accumulator of user.And select the charger of different model according to user's use with the mode of the closely related device of this hermetic lead accumulator is unpractical.
Charging method according to storage battery provided by the invention comprises: storage battery is carried out precharge first step; After finishing precharge, measure second step of the first battery tension Vba1; With the third step that on the basis of measuring the first battery tension Vba1, storage battery is charged.
In one embodiment of the invention, described first step is included in before the charge in batteries, measures the 4th step of the second battery tension Vba0; Described third step comprises: with the first battery tension Vba1 and the first predeterminated voltage V1, the second predeterminated voltage V2, the 3rd. the 5th step that predetermined voltage V3 compares, wherein V3＜V2＜V1; If the first battery tension Vba1 carries out the 6th step of first charging smaller or equal to the first predeterminated voltage V1 with between more than or equal to the second predeterminated voltage V2 with first charge mode; If the first battery tension Vba1 carries out the 7th step of second charging smaller or equal to the second predeterminated voltage V2 with between more than or equal to the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3 with second charge mode; If the first battery tension Vba1, carries out the 8th step of active charging less than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the 8th step was included in the predetermined circulation time limit, the 9th step of repetitive cycling, the 9th step comprises active charging and measures the step of the 3rd battery tension Vba2 subsequently, up to the 3rd battery tension Vba2 greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, if and the 3rd battery tension Vba2 in the predetermined circulation time limit greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, carry out the step of second charging with second kind of charge mode; If the 3rd battery tension Vba2 not greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, finishes the tenth step to charge in batteries in the predetermined circulation time limit.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the 6th step comprises: use the first charging voltage Vch1 storage battery to be carried out the step of constant voltage charge; After charging current reduces to predetermined value Ia, use the second charging voltage Vch2 that storage battery is carried out the step of constant voltage charge, wherein Vch2＜Vch1.The 7th step comprises: use the 3rd charging voltage Vch3 storage battery to be carried out the step of constant voltage charge; After charging current reduces to predetermined value Ib, use predetermined charging current Ic that storage battery is carried out the 11 step of constant current charge, and after the 11 step, use charging voltage Vch4 that storage battery is carried out the step of constant voltage charge, wherein, Vch4＜Vch3.
In another embodiment of the present invention, this method is further comprising the steps of: if if the first battery tension Vba1 that measures after the precharge greater than the first predeterminated voltage V1 or the first battery tension Vba1 less than the 4th predeterminated voltage V4, end is to the step of charge in batteries, wherein V4＜V3.
In another embodiment of the present invention, first step comprises: the step of carrying out when the second battery tension Vba0 is equal to or greater than the 5th predeterminated voltage V5 may further comprise the steps: between precharge phase, if charging current Ip is equal to or less than Imax and more than or equal to Imin (Imin＞0), measure the first battery tension Vba1 after precharge; If charging current Ip, shows the undesired information of charging device work greater than Imax and stops charging; If perhaps charging current then shows the abnormal information warning of storage battery and stops charging less than Imin between precharge phase; And the step of carrying out during less than the 5th predeterminated voltage V5 at the second battery tension Vba0 comprises: if charging current Ip, shows the undesired information of charging device work greater than Imax and stops charging; And if charging current Ip is equal to or less than Imax between precharge phase, then after precharge, measure the first battery tension Vba1.
In another embodiment of the present invention, first step is included in the charge in batteries step of measures ambient temperature Ta before, and the first charging voltage Vch1, the second charging voltage Vch2, the 3rd charging voltage Vch3 and the 4th charging voltage Vch4 have opposite characteristic with respect to ambient temperature Ta.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of charging method of lead accumulator is provided, this storage battery comprises the anodal grid of Pb-Ca type alloy, and contain dilute sulfuric acid and be equal to or greater than 1.280 electrolytic solution at 20 ℃ of its proportions, described charging method comprises: the control charging voltage makes it to be approximately or less than 2.40 volts/unit, and the depth of discharge of lead accumulator is approximately or less than 50% of this lead accumulator rated capacity.
In one embodiment of the invention, at once battery value is used as the parameter of indicating depth of discharge after the charging beginning.
In another embodiment of the present invention, be used to indicate the parameter of depth of discharge up to the charging interval that obtains predetermined battery value from the initial beginning of charging.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the control charging voltage has opposite characteristic to keep the ambient temperature when charging.
In another embodiment of the present invention, lead accumulator comprises the lead accumulator of closed type, and this battery absorbs oxygen at the negative plate of hermetic lead accumulator, and this oxygen is produced by the positive plate of hermetic lead accumulator.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that storage battery is charged that makes it to be equal to or less than the predetermined control magnitude of voltage by the control charging voltage is provided, wherein, control described control magnitude of voltage and make it to keep opposite characteristic, and keep positive characteristic with respect to the battery discharging degree of depth with respect to the ambient temperature of charging.
In one embodiment of the invention, begin to be increased to the parameter of selecting the indication depth of discharge the predetermined value institute elapsed time from the charging voltage value in when beginning charging with from charging to charging voltage.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of charging device to charge in batteries is provided, comprising: the charging voltage control unit is used to control charging voltage so that make it to be equal to or less than the expectant control magnitude of voltage; The ambient temperature measurement unit, be used for measures ambient temperature when charging, and depth of discharge detecting unit, be used to detect the depth of discharge of storage battery, wherein, the charging voltage control unit is controlled described control magnitude of voltage and is had opposite characteristic with maintenance with respect to the ambient temperature that is measured by the ambient temperature measurement unit, and keeps having positive characteristic with respect to the depth of discharge that is measured by the depth of discharge detecting unit.
In one embodiment of the invention, the depth of discharge detecting unit comprises and being used for beginning to be increased to the device that parameter that predetermined value institute elapsed time selects is measured to charging voltage from the charging voltage value in when beginning charging with from charging, and the depth of discharge detecting unit uses detected parameter to detect depth of discharge.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that lead accumulator is charged is provided, comprise: the first step that detects the lead accumulator discharge condition, and second step, if it is shallow that promptly detected discharge condition is compared with the predetermined discharge state, then lead accumulator being carried out constant voltage charge, is dark if detected discharge condition is compared with the predetermined discharge state, then lead accumulator is carried out constant current charge.
In one embodiment of the invention, second step comprises according to beginning the parameter detecting depth of discharge selected the predetermined charge voltages institute elapsed time to obtaining from the charging voltage value in when beginning charging with from charging.
Like this, the present invention described herein might provide a kind of charger that recycles, and can avoid the typical problem of the hermetic lead accumulator lost of life, and the relevant device independent of hermetic lead accumulator that uses with the user.
With reference to accompanying drawing, by reading and understand following detailed description, this and other advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skills.
Figure 1A is the flow chart of explanation according to the accumulator charging method of first embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1B is the block diagram of explanation according to the battery charger of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the detail flowchart of explanation according to the accumulator charging method of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is that explanation is according to the charging figure that carries out first charging in the accumulator charging method of first embodiment of the invention with first charge mode.
Fig. 4 is that explanation is according to the graphic figure of charging that carries out second charging in the accumulator charging method of first embodiment of the invention with second charge mode.
Fig. 5 is the figure that the corresponding cycle life characteristics of hermetic lead accumulator that obtains respectively according to the accumulator charging method of first embodiment of the invention with according to the conventional example charging method is used in explanation.
Fig. 6 is the figure that the corresponding capacity restoration characteristic of hermetic lead accumulator of the over-discharge can that obtains respectively according to the accumulator charging method of first embodiment of the invention with according to the conventional example charging method is used in explanation.
Fig. 7 is the figure of explanation according to the charge characteristic of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is the figure of explanation according to a kind of distortion of charge characteristic of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is that explanation is in the preliminary experiment according to second embodiment of the invention, with respect to the figure of the test result of the cycle lie of the electrolyte of various anodal grid alloys, various rates of specific gravity and various depth of discharges.
Figure 10 is that explanation is in the preliminary experiment according to second embodiment of the invention, with respect to the figure of the test result of the cycle lie of various chargings control voltages and various depth of discharges.
Figure 11 is that explanation is used according to the accumulator charging method of second embodiment of the invention and the figure with respect to the test result of the cycle lie of various depth of discharges that obtains according to the conventional example charging method.
Figure 12 is the figure that the charge characteristic of traditional constant voltage charging method is used in explanation.
Figure 13 is the flow chart of explanation according to the third embodiment of the invention charging method;
Figure 14 is the figure of explanation according to the charge characteristic of third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 15 is the flow chart of explanation according to a kind of distortion of third embodiment of the invention charging method;
Figure 16 is the figure of explanation according to the charge characteristic of third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 17 is the figure of the charge characteristic of the traditional constant voltage charging method of explanation;
Figure 18 is the figure that the corresponding cycle lie of storage battery that obtains respectively according to the accumulator charging method of third embodiment of the invention with according to the conventional example charging method is used in explanation.
Figure 19 is the figure of explanation according to the charge characteristic of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 20 is the figure of explanation according to the charge characteristic of a kind of distortion of fourth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 21 is the figure of explanation according to each cyclophysis of fourth embodiment of the invention and conventional example 1 and 2;
Figure 22 is the figure of the charge characteristic of the traditional constant voltage charging method of explanation;
Figure 23 is the figure of the charge characteristic of the traditional constant current charge method of explanation.
Below, accompanying drawings is according to the method for first embodiment of the invention to charge in batteries.
Figure 1A is the flow chart of explanation according to the accumulator charging method of first embodiment of the invention.Suppose that the storage battery that is recharged in the exemplary embodiment is a hermetic lead accumulator.
Before the hermetic lead accumulator charging, measure the second battery tension Vba0 and ambient temperature Ta (S101).Then, hermetic lead accumulator is carried out precharge (S102, S103).About 5 seconds at interval after, measure the first battery tension Vba1 (S105).
Then, the first battery tension Vba1 and the first predeterminated voltage V1, the second predeterminated voltage V2 and the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3 are compared, wherein V3＜V2＜V2.
If the first battery tension Vba1 between the first predeterminated voltage V1 and the second predeterminated voltage V2, carries out first charging (S106) with first kind of charge mode.If the first battery tension Vba1 between the second predeterminated voltage V2 and the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, carries out second charging (S107) with second kind of charge mode.
If the first battery tension Vba1, carries out activity charging (S108) less than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3.In intended duration, repeat by the activity charging and measure subsequently cycle that the 3rd battery tension Vba2 forms up to the 3rd battery tension Vba2 greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3.If the 3rd battery tension Vba2 greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, carries out second charging (S108, S107) with second charge mode in predetermined period.If the 3rd battery tension Vba2 is not more than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3 in predetermined period, finish the charging operations (S108) of hermetic lead accumulator.
If the first battery tension Vba1 is greater than the first predeterminated voltage V1, if perhaps the first storage battery Vba1 is less than the 4th predeterminated voltage V4 (V4＜V3), then complete charge operation (S110, S109).
Be equal to or greater than under the situation of the 5th predeterminated voltage V5 at the second battery tension Vba0, carry out in the following operation:, then measure the first battery tension Vba1 (S103) after precharge if charging current Ip is equal to or less than Imax and is equal to or greater than Imin (Imin＞0) between aforementioned charge period.If charging current Ip is greater than Imax between precharge phase, then display alarm information is pointed out that charger work is undesired and is stopped charging operations (S103).If charging current Ip is less than Imin during precharge, then display alarm information is pointed out that battery is undesired and is stopped charging operations (S103).
Under the situation of the second battery tension Vba0 less than the 5th predeterminated voltage V5, carry out in the following operation: if charging current Ip is greater than Imax between aforementioned precharge phase, then display alarm information is pointed out that charger work is undesired and is stopped charging operations (S102).If charging current Ip is equal to or less than Imax between precharge phase, then measure the first battery tension Vba1 (S102) after the precharge.
Figure 1B is the block diagram of explanation according to the charger 100 of the storage battery 101 of the embodiment of the invention.
Charging voltage control unit 104 control charging voltages have positive characteristic with maintenance with respect to the ambient temperature Ta that is measured by ambient temperature measurement unit 102, and keep having positive characteristic with respect to the depth of discharge that is measured by depth of discharge detecting unit 103.
Herein, when last parameter and back one parameter when proportional, say that described last parameter value has or keeps and a back parameter value " positive characteristic ".Equally, when last parameter and back one parameter are inversely proportional to when concern, say that described last parameter value has or keeps and a back parameter value " opposite characteristic ".Same depth of discharge detecting unit 103 or the charging voltage or the measurement of measuring when charging beginning begin to reach scheduled voltage institute elapsed time to charging voltage from charging operations.Depth of discharge detecting unit 103 begins to reach scheduled voltage institute elapsed time as the parameter detecting depth of discharge to charging voltage by the charging voltage using charging operations and begin or from charging operations.
Fig. 2 is the detail flowchart of explanation according to the accumulator charging method of first embodiment of the invention.
At first, measure the battery tension Vba0 of open-circuit condition storage battery and the ambient temperature Ta (S201) around the storage battery.For example, carry out temperature survey with thermistor.
After measuring battery tension Vba0, use charging current Ip to carry out the precharge (S203,204) of the scheduled time.According to present embodiment, utilize the measurement of charging current Ip to detect the undesired of charger or battery.Especially, battery tension Vba0 and the 5th predeterminated voltage of measuring before the precharge compared (S202).
If battery tension Vba0 (is expressed as Ip＞Imax) at S209 less than the 5th predeterminated voltage V5 and the charging current Ip between aforementioned precharge phase greater than Imax, if perhaps the charging current Ip that is equal to or greater than between the 5th predeterminated voltage V5 and aforementioned precharge phase of storage battery Vba0 (is expressed as Ip＜Imin) at S205, then complete charge operation (S210, S206) less than Imin.This might detect the storage battery and/or because the storage battery that overcharges and discharge and damage of internal short-circuit.
If the battery tension Vba0 that detects before precharge is equal to or greater than the 5th predeterminated voltage V5 and charging current Ip greater than Imax, determine then that charger is undesired and stop charging operations (to be expressed as Ip＞Imax) at S205.
After scheduled period after finishing precharge, and the battery tension Vba1 under the detection open-circuit condition (S207, S208, S211).The present invention determines the state (especially discharge condition) of storage battery according to battery tension Vba1.
As mentioned above, measure battery tension Vba1 after being preferably in the scheduled period of finishing after the precharge.Should be noted that according to required charging voltage value during the charge in batteries and determine that the battery discharging state may cause flase drop to be surveyed.Its reason is in the storage battery over-discharge can or when not using for a long time, the charging voltage of storage battery can increase, and the charging voltage of Zeng Jiaing can phonily produce the indication that charge in batteries has been finished like this.
On the other hand, if just determine discharge condition and do not carry out any precharge according to the battery tension of open-circuit condition, in the discharge condition deterministic process big fluctuation can appear.Its reason is that the storage battery of existing same discharge condition has various open circuit voltages later on, depends on the storage and maintenance mode of each storage battery.
Further specify aforementioned phenomenon.Do not use if be in the lead accumulator of certain discharge condition, because self discharge especially forms the lead sulfate thin layer on the negative active core-shell material surface.Because this layer itself has the self discharge amount, do not become substantially with its discharge condition of back at storage battery always.But the electromotive force of negative plate can increase anodization so that reduce battery tension.
Only determine that according to battery open-circuit voltage discharge condition may phonily indicate excessive depth of discharge to the actual discharge state in this case, thereby hinder charging correctly.Further, because the battery tension that electrolytic solution concentrated is polarized in after the discharge at once is unsettled.In discharge condition identification, use this unstable voltage can reduce the judgement precision greatly.
According to the present invention, measure the battery tension Vba1 of open-circuit condition after the scheduled period after finishing precharge.As a result, the fluctuation in the discharge condition judgement is minimized so that allow accurate discharge condition to judge.Precharge be used to reduce since the lead sulfate thin layer that a little self-charging produces and eliminate discharge after at once concentrated polarization, thereby might obtain to reflect the battery tension of the open circuit of actual discharge state.
According to the present invention, battery tension Vba1 is as the parameter of control charging operations.Specifically, if (V2＜V1), the discharge condition of storage battery is defined as " shallow " to battery tension Vba1, therefore carries out first charging (charging 1) (S212) with first charging modes between the first predeterminated voltage V1 and second predeterminated voltage.
If battery tension Vba1 (between the V3＜V2), determines that discharge condition is " deeply ", therefore carries out second charging of second charging modes at the second predeterminated voltage V2 and the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3.
If battery tension Vba1 even less than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, determine storage battery because over-discharge can etc. has low reception degree to charging, therefore carries out active charging (S214).For example can carry out active charging by using the constant current between the short period, so as to since over-discharge can and the passivation layer that between grid just and positive active material, forms at the long-term lead sulfate (low charging receptions degree is arranged) that does not use the expansion that forms of storage battery charge.Like this, storage battery is renewable does further charging.
After the activity charging, storage battery is considered to have the discharge condition of " deeply ", so that carry out second charging with second kind of charge mode.
According to the time span that the degree and the storage battery of overdischarge is not used, can not recover storage battery by single activity charging.So, in the predetermined time limit in cycle (N cycle), repeat by activity charging and cycle of forming with open-circuit condition detection battery tension Vba2 subsequently, up to battery tension Vba2 greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3.(N cycle) is in case the 3rd battery tension Vba2 greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, carries out second charging (charging 2) (S215, S216, S217, S213) with second charge mode in intended duration.If the 3rd battery tension Vba2 not greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, determines that storage battery is undesired or uses up in intended duration (N cycle), finishes the charging operations (S210) to hermetic lead accumulator.
For safer in charging process; if battery tension Vba1 is higher than the first predeterminated voltage V1 after precharge is finished; if or battery tension Vba1 is lower than the 4th predeterminated voltage V4 (V4＜V3) wherein; so; preferably determine charger for unusual or storage battery is unusual/exhaust; and the termination charging operations (S206, S210).
Secondly, with reference to accompanying drawing 3 and accompanying drawing 4, provided in first kind of charge mode first charging (charging 1) (S212) and second charging (charging 2) most preferred embodiment (S213) in second kind of charge mode.
Fig. 3 shows the charging figure of first charging (charging 1) of first charge mode.First charging (charging 1) originates in the constant voltage charge (initiation of charge electric current: Ii (A)) according to the first control voltage Vch1.When the charging voltage of storage battery reached control voltage Vch1, charging current reduced with constant voltage control voltage.In case charging current is reduced to predetermined value Ia, the control voltage Vch1 that is used to charge is reduced to Vch2, wherein Vch2＜Vch1.As a result, prevented owing to only through overcharging that the storage battery of the discharge of shallow degree charges and causes, thereby, will reduce to minimum to the reduction in life-span of storage battery.
Fig. 4 shows the charging figure of second charging (charging 2) of second kind of charge mode.Second charging (charging 2) originates in the constant voltage charge (initiation of charge electric current: Ii (A)) according to the 3rd control voltage Vch3.When the charging voltage of storage battery reached the 3rd control voltage Vch3, charging current reduced with constant voltage control voltage.In case charging current is reduced to predetermined value Ib, just use current value I c in a preset time, to carry out constant current charge.If the value of Ib and Ic equates then is preferable.
With current value is that the constant current charge of Ic can prevent the undercharge of charging and causing owing to the storage battery through deep discharge, thereby, make the life-span of storage battery reach maximum.After constant current charge, Vch4 charges with control voltage, wherein Vch4＜Vch3.
The initial control voltage Vch1 that uses respectively in first kind of charge mode and the second kind of charge mode can be preset to identical value with Vch3.Regard the charging acceptance function of the ambient temperature in the charging process as, preferably control voltage Vch1 and Vch3 are controlled,, thereby make effect of the present invention reach best so that make it keep opposite characteristic with respect to the ambient temperature Ta that measures before the charging.
The second control voltage Vch2 and the 4th control voltage Vch4 can also be preset to identical value, thereby the relevant portion of charging voltage control unit can use in first and second kinds of charge modes, thereby reduce the expense of charger effectively.Preferably also control voltage Vch2 and Vch4 are controlled, so that make the opposite characteristic of its maintenance with respect to ambient temperature Ta.The first embodiment of the present invention: example one
With reference to Fig. 5, will the example 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention be described.
The charging method of first embodiment of the application of the invention, the inventor is 24V to a rated voltage, rated capacity is that the lead accumulator of the closed type of 28Ah carries out the charge/discharge cycle period measuring.
Parameter value below having used in test: the current value in pre-charge process is Ip:0.6A
Imax：0.7A
Imin：0.2A
Precharge time: the measurement timing of 10 seconds battery tension Vba1: 5 seconds the first predeterminated voltage V1:34V the second predeterminated voltage V2:24V the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3:20V the 4th predeterminated voltage V4:2V the 5th predeterminated voltage V5:20V initiation of charge electric current I 1:5A the first control voltage Vch1:29.4-0.06 (Ta-25) the second control voltage Vch2:27.6-0.06 (Ta-25) scheduled current Ia:0.6A the 3rd control voltage Vch3:29.4-0.06 (Ta-25) the 4th control voltage Vch4:27.6-0.06 (Ta-25) the current value I b:0.6A current value I c:0.6A active charging interval of activity (active) charging current: 0.6A after finishing precharge: active charge cycle N:9 cycle of restriction in 15 minutes/cycle
(under the above-mentioned parameter situation, Ta represent ambient temperature (℃).)
In test, used A, B, three kinds of discharging condition: condition A of C (in Fig. 5, being designated as A):
Carry out 1. (with the constant-current discharge of 7A 2.4 hours) (approximately be specified discharge capacity 60%) of discharge.Condition B (in Fig. 5, being designated as B):
Carry out 2. (with the constant-current discharge of 7A 22 minutes) (approximately be specified discharge capacity 10%) of discharge.Condition C (in Fig. 5, being designated as C):
Odd cycle is carried out discharge, and 1. also 2. the dual numbers cycle carries out discharge
As the example of routine, the test that the storage battery (as mentioned above) of identical 24V/28Ah is carried out is to use following discharging condition D, E, and F and G: condition D (in Fig. 5, being designated as D):
Carry out after the discharge 1., finish the charging 1 of first charge mode separately.Condition E (in Fig. 5, being designated as E):
Carry out after the discharge 1., finish the charging 2 of second charge mode separately.Condition F (in Fig. 5, being designated as F):
Carry out after the discharge 2., finish the charging 1 of first charge mode separately.Condition G (in Fig. 5, being designated as G):
Carry out after the discharge 2., finish the charging 2 of second charge mode separately.
The charging interval of finishing each test is 12 hours.The measurement of the capacity of storage battery is finished by making per 20 cycles of storage battery discharge into 21V (electric current is 7A) fully.The result of these tests as shown in Figure 5.
From the result shown in Fig. 5 as can be seen, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, suitable discharge is carried out in any variation of depth of discharge that always can be by detecting employed hermetic lead accumulator.According to the present invention, all detected hermetic lead accumulators stably demonstrate the life-span in about 450 to 500 cycles and do not change significantly.
Yet according to the example of routine, depth of discharge and charging method are very big to the life-span influence of storage battery, and its life-span is to change between about 150 to 500 cycles as a result.These unsteadiness show, because the variation on the mode of operation of the employed equipment relevant with hermetic lead accumulator of user may cause the life-span of lacking.First embodiment of the invention: example 2
Secondly, be connected with the fixed resistance of one 2 Ω by the hermetic lead accumulator with employed 24V/28Ah in the example 1 and reach 24 hours, this storage battery is not used and reaches one month then, thereby prepares the storage battery of an over-discharge can.Then, the storage battery of this over-discharge can is carried out the processing in 5 cycles, wherein, each periodic packets contain one according to the charging process of the example 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention and a constant current (7A) discharge process (final voltage is: 21V) (condition H; In Fig. 6, be designated as H).
Example as a routine, similarly the storage battery of preparation over-discharge can is the processing through 5 cycles, wherein, each periodic packets contains a charging process 2 of using separately and a constant current (7A) discharge process (final voltage is: 21V) (condition I in second charge mode; In Fig. 6, be designated as I).The result of these tests represents in Fig. 6.
From the result shown in Fig. 6 as can be seen, according to the first embodiment of the present invention,, obtained a sufficient discharge capacity in first cycle.On the other hand, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, reach the level of the discharge capacity that obtains in first cycle, usual way need adopt three cycles.
Therefore, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, can detect the over-discharge can to storage battery, wherein, storage battery is through active charging.Active charging is to be used for recovering in few relatively cycle enough capacity.As a result, the user can prevent the reduction of the capacity of unwanted and undesirable storage battery easily by using the relevant device of storage battery.
Therefore, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, suitable discharge is carried out in any variation of depth of discharge that always can be by detecting employed storage battery (especially hermetic lead accumulator).As a result, hermetic lead accumulator can obtain the longer life-span, thereby brings significant good effect industrial.The second embodiment of the present invention
Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, will the method for according to a second embodiment of the present invention storage battery being charged be described.
Fig. 7 shows the charge characteristic of charging method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.At first, a lead accumulator is carried out the constant current charge that the initiation of charge electric current is Is.Charging voltage (Vs) after the charging beginning is measured.Value and the depth of discharge reference voltage (Vc) of Vs are compared.If Vs Vc, promptly be defined as shallow degree discharge condition (that is, depth of discharge be about 50% or still less).
Then, by using a control voltage V1 (2.4V/ unit; In Fig. 7, represent with solid line) carry out constant voltage charge, this control voltage is lower than the charging control voltage V2 (dotting) of deep discharge state in Fig. 7.Preferably use a timer, like this,,, can stop charging through one section preset time (T2) when charging voltage arrives the beginning of a predetermined value (V3) point, for example, in order in a predetermined charging interval, to guarantee a suitable charge capacity.
For same purpose, when using higher charging control voltage, also can preestablish shorter charging interval T2, T3.In order in detecting voltage, to have any fluctuation all to guarantee safe detection, although also can use V3=V1, V2, each control voltage preferably satisfies V3＜V1, V2.(second embodiment of the present invention-improvement)
Fig. 8 shows according to a second embodiment of the present invention to an improvement of charging figure, wherein, has used a diverse ways to determine depth of discharge.Especially, used the constant current charge of an initiation of charge electric current (Is), and measured to institute elapsed time (T4) of a charging voltage scheduled voltage of arrival (V4) beginning from charging.Measuring Time T4 and depth of discharge reference time (Tc) are compared.If T4 Tc, be defined as shallow degree discharge condition (that is, depth of discharge be about 50% or still less).Then, charging is controlled, in the employing and the second embodiment of the present invention, the identical mode under the situation of Vs Vc is controlled charging.
At second embodiment of the invention described above and in improving, determine shallow degree discharge condition (that is, depth of discharge be approximately 50% or still less) example in the charging control carried out be by using a timer to be expressed as the constant voltage control of a single-stage.However, the present invention is not limited thereto; Can also depend on the value of Vs or T4 and carry out multistage constant voltage control, to obtain better charging.The second embodiment of the present invention-example 1
As preliminary experiment, the 12V/30Ah lead accumulator has been carried out the cycle lie test by the charging method of using the routine shown in Figure 12.Adopted 15.0V (under 25 ℃) charging control voltage V1 in the charging method, the charging interval of the maximum charging current of 5.0A and 12 hours.By using constant current 7.5A, change discharge time, carried out the discharge of multiple depth of discharge.Recharge and discharge.
Carried out by using constant current 7.5A, storage battery being discharged to final voltage 10.5V fully, after this charging and discharge in 50 cycles to detect the capacity of each storage battery.When discharge capacity arrive initial value 50% or still less the time, determine exhausting of storage battery, or the full life-span.
As a kind of anode grid alloy, a detected battery and a Pb-Ca (0.08%)-Sn (1.0%) alloy combination, this alloy is Pb-Ca type alloy commonly used, or with a Pb-Sb (3.0%)-As (0.2%) alloy combination, this alloy is a Pb-Sb type alloy, is mainly used in the liquid-type lead accumulator.
Using a kind of proportion is the electrolyte of 1.320 (20 ℃), be used to make up the lead accumulator of Pb-Sb type anode grid alloy, the used for electrolyte of multiple proportion 1.260 to 1.340 there is the lead accumulator of Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy in combination, to determine the influence of electrolyte density to cycle lie.
The result as shown in Figure 9.As can be seen from Fig. 9, electrolyte density be 1.280 or more (20 ℃) and depth of discharge be about 50% or still less interval on, can observe the reduction in life-span that combination has the lead accumulator of Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy.The reduction that this life-span reduces by the capacity of positive plate causes.Further, the near interface between active material of positive electrode and grid can be observed the passivation accumulation of lead sulfate.On the other hand, be converted into the active material of positive electrode of brown lead oxide, may show passivation owing to overcharging by charging.According to uncertain supposition, in the passivation of active material of positive electrode, relate to inhomogeneous that the discharge that produces owing to partial discharge distributes.
Secondly, in above-mentioned preliminary experiment,, carry out the test of cycle lie by using multiple charging control voltage.The result as shown in figure 10.Employed battery combination has Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy in the test, and to have used at 20 ℃ of following proportions be 1.320 electrolyte.
From the result shown in Figure 10 as can be seen, by using 2.40V/ unit or charging still less control voltage, be about 50% or still less zone corresponding to depth of discharge, can reduce the reduction of cycle lie, and simultaneously, because inadequate charging in the zone corresponding to big depth of discharge, can be observed the remarkable reduction of cycle lie.In minimizing corresponding to the reduction of the cycle lie in the zone of little depth of discharge, may be the charging reacting phase to uniform result, this realizes by charging voltage being dropped to about 2.40V/ unit.
Use high charge voltage, wherein, the anode polarization of large-scale positive plate has taken place in charging process.In this case, charging is reflected at the zone that has higher relatively charging acceptance and carries out.However,, may produce gaseous state oxygen, rather than generate the oxidation reaction of brown lead oxide, thereby cause the accumulation of lead sulfate in other zones.By inference, the part that is converted to brown lead oxide is more preferential in charging, thereby causes overcharging and therefore reduce the life-span.
Using 2.40V/ unit or lower charging to control in the second embodiment of the present invention of voltage, estimate that the anode polarization that has little degree exists, thereby the charging reaction is being carried out in relatively slow and uniform mode.This may cause the lead sulfate (owing to partial reaction produces) of uneven distribution to be reacted into brown lead oxide effectively, thereby eliminates overcharging and the reduction of cycle lie being reduced to minimum of other parts significantly.
Therefore, can confirm,, control charging voltage, can be effectively the reduction of cycle lie be reduced to minimum by the depth of discharge that detects in the application to cause multiple depth of discharge according to the method for present embodiment.(second embodiment of the present invention-example 2)
By adopting charging method according to a second embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 7, and with the charging method of routine relatively, under atmospheric pressure and 25 ℃, foregoing 12V/30Ah lead accumulator is carried out the cycle lie test.1. implement charging method according to a second embodiment of the present invention under the following conditions:
Initial charge current (Is)=5.0A;
Depth of discharge reference voltage (Vc)=12.0V; And, (a) under the situation of Vs Vc (wherein Vs is the later instantaneous charging voltage of charging beginning), use following condition:
Charging control voltage (V1)=14.1V (2.35V/ unit)
Charging interval: when charging voltage reach V3 (=bring into use timer 14.0V) time, and, after timer begins 8 hours, stop charging; Perhaps (b) uses following condition under the situation of Vs＜Vc:
Charging control voltage (V1)=15.0V (2.50V/ unit)
Charging interval: when charging voltage reach V3 (=bring into use timer 14.0V) time, and, after timer begins 8 hours, stop charging.2. implement charging method under the following conditions according to routine:
Initial charge current (Is)=5.0A;
Charging control voltage=14.7V; And
Charging interval=12 hour.
By the charging method of use example 2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and by using the charging method of above-mentioned routine, with the electrolyte of different specific weight, different anode grid alloys with different depth of discharges, has carried out the cycle lie compare test.The result as shown in figure 11.
From result shown in Figure 11 as can be seen, be about 50% or still less problematic zone corresponding to depth of discharge, for the lead accumulator that uses Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy and proportion is 1.280 or more electrolyte, and it is minimum that the reduction of cycle lie is successfully reduced to.Once in a while, in the zone corresponding to little depth of discharge, charge capacity is designated as a fabulous numerical value, is approximately 105% to 113% discharge electricity amount, and has suitable stability.
Preferably change the value of charging control voltage according to about 50% reference depth of discharge.This charging method has the lead accumulator of Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy to be particularly useful to combination.Can recognize that charging method according to a second embodiment of the present invention is particularly useful to hermetic lead accumulator, this kind storage battery is because structural reason can't make up Pb=Sb type anode grid alloy.
As described in the aforesaid improvement of the second embodiment of the present invention, example 2 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, begin to be used as a parameter from charging to the time of a scheduled voltage of charging voltage arrival, with the indication depth of discharge, because the time of being experienced reduces and reduces with depth of discharge, increase with the increase of depth of discharge.
Although used the depth of discharge reference voltage Vs of 12.0V in this example, this value depends on the different design factor of each storage battery easily and changes, and should regulate according to these design factors.Similarly, begin to determine according to these design factors from charging to charging voltage predetermined time that magnitude of voltage experienced of arrival.
To recognize that preferably the value of default control voltage makes it keep opposite characteristic with respect to ambient temperature Ta.Because the increase of ambient temperature Ta even charging control voltage is identical, also may cause and for example exist the identical phenomenon of polarization of reinforcement.This must compensate by reducing charging voltage.
Therefore, charging method according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in reduction with respect to the cycle lie on the zone of little depth of discharge, can by use Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy and 20 ℃ of following proportions be 1.280 or higher electrolyte reduce to minimum.The charging method of the second embodiment of the present invention is particularly useful to hermetic lead accumulator, and to this, Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy is absolutely necessary.(third embodiment of the present invention)
Figure 13 illustrates the flow chart of the charging method of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention.At first, storage battery charges with initial charge current Is (S1301).Measure the later instantaneous charging voltage Vs (S1302) of charging beginning.Value and the depth of discharge reference voltage Vr (S1303) of Vs are compared.If Vs is equal to or greater than Vr, depth of discharge is defined as little (i.e. " shallow degree "), and like this, charging control voltage Vc reduces (S1305).If Vs is lower than Vr, depth of discharge is defined as greatly (i.e. " degree of depth "), and like this, charging control voltage Vc increases (S1304).
Figure 14 shows the charge characteristic figure of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention, and wherein, solid line represents to be defined as the situation of the deep discharge degree of depth, and dotted line represents to be defined as the situation of shallow degree depth of discharge.(third embodiment of the present invention-improvement)
Figure 15 shows the improved flow chart of the charging method of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention.
At first, storage battery charges with initial charge current Is (S1301), and starts a timer with Measuring Time (S1502).Timer stops when charging voltage reaches a predetermined voltage Va, begins to reach the time T t that Va (S1503) is experienced to charging voltage thereby measure charging.Value and the depth of discharge reference time Tr (S1504) of Tt are compared.If Tr is equal to or greater than Tt, depth of discharge is defined as greatly (i.e. " degree of depth "), and like this, charging control voltage Vc increases (S1505).If Tr is equal to or less than Tt, depth of discharge is defined as little (i.e. " shallow degree "), and like this, charging control voltage Vc reduces (S1506).
Figure 16 is the improved charge characteristic figure of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention, and wherein, solid line represents to be defined as the situation of the deep discharge degree of depth, and dotted line represents to be defined as the situation of shallow degree depth of discharge.
In the 3rd embodiment and improvement thereof of the invention described above, preferably determine depth of discharge, to be defined as the degree of depth greater than 30% to 50% depth of discharge of rated capacity, to be defined as shallow degree less than 30% to 50% depth of discharge of rated capacity, so that the reduction in life-span of storage battery is reduced to minimum.
The reference value default except above-mentioned reference is divided into depth of discharge two " degree of depth " or " shallow degree ", and better method is to continuously change charging control voltage Vc corresponding to depth of discharge parameter Tt or Vs.Further, in conventional constant voltage charge control method, done, needed the value of default control voltage, so that make it keep opposite characteristic with respect to ambient temperature.
Figure 18 shows the cycle lie test of the hermetic lead accumulator (6V/10Ah) that carries out respectively by the constant voltage charging method of the charging method of using a third embodiment in accordance with the invention and routine as shown in figure 17.In these tests, depth of discharge is changed to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% of rated capacity, or 70%.Preset charged control magnitude of voltage Vc and depth of charge reference value Vr make charging control magnitude of voltage be about 40% or be controlled as 6.9V still less the time at depth of discharge, are 7.35V at depth of discharge greater than 40% o'clock.
Conventional constant voltage charging method carries out when charging control voltage is 6.9V or 7.35V.In all charging methods of being carried out in these tests, charging current is 4A, and the charging interval is 8 hours, and charging is to carry out under 25 ℃ ambient temperature.The result of these cycle lie tests as shown in figure 18.
As in result shown in Figure 180 as seen, compare with the constant voltage charging method of routine, the charging method of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention, the reduction of the cycle lie relevant with the variation of depth of discharge is reduced to minimum.The charging method of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention can make charge capacity always remain on about 105% to 110% of discharge electricity amount.
Carried out the test of an additional cycle lie under 40 ℃ of ambient temperatures, wherein, the suitable inverse proportion of the control voltage that confirmed to charge is 1 ℃ of every increase for-0.0025 to the 0.0035V/ unit ℃.
As mentioned above, the charging method of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention, no matter how the depth of discharge of storage battery changes, and always can pass through suitable voltage, obtains suitable charging control.As a result, the undercharge relevant with the constant voltage charging method of routine and the problem that overcharges can be alleviated, and so that the reduction of the cycle lie of storage battery is reduced to minimum, thereby make significant contribution industrial.The fourth embodiment of the present invention
Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the charging method of the storage battery of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention is described.
Figure 19 shows the charge characteristic figure of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention.At first, lead accumulator charges with initial charge current Is (A).Charging voltage (Vs) when measuring the charging beginning.Value and the depth of discharge reference voltage Vc (S1303) of Vs are compared.According to following Vs and the relation between the Vc charging is controlled: if 1. Vs Vc (as among Figure 19 with solid line represented), just be defined as shallow degree discharge condition, and carry out constant voltage charge (under control voltage V2, in Figure 19, representing) with solid line.Preferably use a timer, like this, when arriving a predetermined value (V1) through one section preset time (T3) from charging voltage, charging just is terminated, for example, and in order to guarantee suitable charge capacity.Preferably controlling voltage and satisfy V1＜V2 respectively, how the voltage that no matter detects is fluctuateed, all guarantee the detection of safety, also is feasible although use V1=V2.If 2. Vs＜Vc (as with dashed lines among Figure 19 is represented) just is defined as the deep discharge state, and carry out constant current charge (in Figure 19, dotting).Preferably use a timer, like this, just be terminated, overcharge preventing, and guarantee suitable charge capacity when arriving a predetermined value (V3) from charging voltage through one section preset time (T4), charging.
Although comparative result is divided into 1. Vs Vc and 2. Vs＜Vc in the above example, also can use 1. Vs＞Vc and 2. Vs Vc according to the needs of special control method.The fourth embodiment of the present invention-improvement
Figure 20 shows an improvement of the charging figure of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention, wherein, has used a diverse ways to determine depth of discharge.Particularly, implemented the constant current charge of initial charge current (Is), and measured from beginning to be charged to charging voltage and reach the time (T5) that a predeterminated voltage value (V4) is experienced.The time T of measuring 5 was compared with the depth of discharge reference time (Tc).If 1. T5 Tc (as with dashed lines among Figure 20 is represented) just is defined as the deep discharge state.Then, employing is controlled charging as identical method in the situation of " 2. Vs＜Vc " in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.If 2. T5＜Tc (as usefulness solid line among Figure 20 is represented) just is defined as shallow degree discharge condition.Then, employing is controlled charging as identical method in the situation of " 1. Vs Vc " in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Although in the above example, comparative result is divided into 1. T5 Tc and 2. T5＜Tc, also can according to the needs of special control method, use 1. T5＞Tc and 2. T5 Tc as in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
In the 4th embodiment and improvement thereof of the invention described above, the charging control table of being carried out in the example of determining shallow degree discharge condition is shown the constant voltage control of a single-stage.However, the present invention is not limited thereto; For example, can implement the control of two-stage constant voltage, wherein charging voltage reduces according to the reduction of the charging current that detects.When being defined as the state of deep discharge, can implement the two-stage constant current charge, wherein charging current reduces according to the increase of the charging voltage V3 that detects, reduces to minimum thereby further will overcharge.
In having the charger of above-mentioned charge characteristic, the control circuit of constant voltage charge and constant current charge can be based on essentially identical circuits built.Therefore, such charger can be by only increasing the circuit that is used to detect charging voltage V1 and V2 when the charging beginning and being used to select the circuit of constant voltage charge or constant current charge to realize.The fourth embodiment of the present invention-example
The inventor carries out the test in charge/discharge cycle life-span by charging method and conventional constant voltage charge and the constant current charge method of use of using a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention.
In test, used following parameter value: the charging method of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention of the fourth embodiment of the present invention-as shown in figure 19
Initial charge current Is:4.5A
Depth of discharge reference voltage Vc:12.0V
The charging control voltage V2:14.7V that is used for shallow degree discharge condition
(when charging voltage equals V1=14.5V, start timer, and begin through charging termination behind the T3=10h) from the timer startup
The charging Control current that is used for the deep discharge state: 4.5A
(when charging voltage equals V3=14.5V, start timer, and begin through charging termination behind the T4=1.5h) conventional example 1-constant voltage charging method as shown in figure 22 from the timer startup
Initial charge current: 4.5A
Charging control voltage: 14.7V
Charging interval: 12hs (conventional routine 2-constant current charge method as shown in figure 23)
Initial charge current: 4.5A
(when charging voltage equals 14.5V, start timer, and begin through charging termination behind the T4=1.5h) from the timer startup
By using the charging method of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention and conventional example 1,2, depth of discharge is changed into 5%, 10%, 30%, 60% of rated capacity, or 90% pair of hermetic lead accumulator (12V/30Ah) carries out the cycle lie test.The result as shown in figure 21.
From result shown in Figure 21 as can be seen, regardless of depth of discharge, charge capacity be discharge electricity amount about 105% to about 115%, the index quite stable.Compare with the result that constant voltage charge obtained of conventional example 1, a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention, the cycle lie that is in the storage battery of deep discharge state improves greatly.Compare with the result that constant current charge obtained of conventional example 2, a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention, the cycle lie that is in the storage battery of shallow degree discharge condition improves greatly.
Therefore, the charging method of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention according to discharge condition, can be selected constant voltage charge or constant current charge, like this, depth of discharge no matter, can provide with respect to discharge electricity amount is the charge capacity of constant.As a result, no matter be the degree of depth or shallow degree discharge condition, can obtain stable cycle lie.Result as shown in figure 21 as can be seen, 30% to about 50% of rated capacity can be fit to be used as the reference value of determining depth of discharge.Preferably determine depth of discharge, will be defined as the degree of depth (to implement constant current control), will be defined as shallow degree (to implement constant voltage control) less than 30% to 50% depth of discharge of rated capacity greater than 30% to 50% depth of discharge of rated capacity.
Therefore, the charging method of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention, no matter how the depth of discharge of storage battery changes, and the charging control by suitable always can provide suitable charge capacity, and can not cause undercharge or overcharge.As a result, the reduction of the cycle lie of storage battery is reduced to minimum, thereby has made sizable contribution industrial.
Therefore, according to charging method of the present invention,, always can implement suitable charging by the variation that the induction of the Any user in the depth of discharge that detects storage battery (especially hermetic lead accumulator) causes.As a result, the life-span of hermetic lead accumulator obtains prolonging, thereby has made sizable contribution industrial.
Therefore, according to charging method of the present invention, in the zone corresponding to little depth of discharge, to adopting Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy and being 1.280 or the lead accumulator of more electrolyte at 20 ℃ of proportions, the reduction of cycle lie can be reduced to minimum.Charging method of the present invention is particularly useful to hermetic lead accumulator, and to this, Pb-Ca type anode grid alloy is absolutely necessary.
As mentioned above, according to charging method of the present invention, no matter how the depth of discharge of storage battery changes, and always can pass through suitable voltage, obtains suitable charging control.As a result, the undercharge relevant with the constant voltage charging method of routine and the problem that overcharges can be alleviated, and so that the reduction of the cycle lie of storage battery is reduced to minimum, thereby make significant contribution industrial.
Therefore, according to charging method of the present invention, no matter how the depth of discharge of storage battery changes, and the charging control by suitable always can provide suitable charge capacity, and can not cause undercharge or overcharge.As a result, the reduction of the cycle lie of storage battery is reduced to minimum, thereby has made sizable contribution industrial.
Various other improvement within scope of the present invention and essence are conspicuous, and can be realized easily by those of ordinary skill in the art.Therefore, be not limited to the description of the specification of front in the scope of this appended claim, but can do wideer explanation.
Claims (18)
1. method to charge in batteries is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
To the precharge first step of storage battery;
After carrying out precharge, measure second step of the first battery tension Vba1;
The third step that storage battery is charged according to the measurement of the first battery tension Vba1.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described first step is included in before the charge in batteries, measures the 4th step of the second battery tension Vba0;
Described third step comprises:
With the first battery tension Vba1 and the first predeterminated voltage V1, the second predeterminated voltage V2, the 3rd. the 5th step that predetermined voltage V3 compares, wherein V3＜V2＜V1;
If the first battery tension Vba1 carries out the 6th step of first charging smaller or equal to the first predeterminated voltage V1 with between more than or equal to the second predeterminated voltage V2 with first charge mode;
If the first battery tension Vba1 carries out the 7th step of second charging smaller or equal to the second predeterminated voltage V2 with between more than or equal to the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3 with second charge mode;
If the first battery tension Vba1 carries out the 8th step of active charging less than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the 8th step comprises the 9th step of repetitive cycling, the 9th step comprises active charging and measures the step of the 3rd battery tension Vba2 subsequently, wherein, the predetermined circulation time limit up to the 3rd battery tension Vba2 greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, and if the 3rd battery tension Vba2 in the predetermined circulation time limit greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, carry out the step of second charging with second charge mode;
If the 3rd battery tension Vba2 not greater than the 3rd predeterminated voltage V3, finishes the tenth step to charge in batteries in the predetermined circulation time limit.
4. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the 6th step comprises:
Use the first charging voltage Vch1 storage battery to be carried out the step of constant voltage charge;
After charging current reduces to predetermined value Ia, use the second charging voltage Vch2 that storage battery is carried out the step of constant voltage charge, wherein; Vch2＜Vch1, and
The 7th step comprises:
Use the 3rd charging voltage Vch3 storage battery to be carried out the step of constant voltage charge;
After charging current reduces to predetermined value Ib, use predetermined charging current Ic that storage battery is carried out the 11 step of constant current charge, and
After the 11 step, use charging voltage Vch4 that storage battery is carried out the step of constant voltage charge, wherein, Vch4＜Vch3.
5. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that also comprising
If if the first battery tension Vba1 that measures after the precharge greater than the first predeterminated voltage V1 or the first battery tension Vba1 less than the 4th predeterminated voltage V4, finish step, wherein V4＜V3 to charge in batteries.
6. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that first step comprises:
The step of carrying out when the second battery tension Vba0 is equal to or greater than the 5th predeterminated voltage V5 comprises:
Between precharge phase, if charging current Ip is equal to or less than Imax and more than or equal to Imin (Imin＞0), measure the first battery tension Vba1 after precharge;
If charging current Ip, then shows undesired information of charging device work and termination charging greater than Imax, perhaps
If charging current is less than Imin between precharge phase, then show the abnormal information warning of storage battery and stop charging, and
The second battery tension Vba0 less than or the step carried out during greater than the 5th predeterminated voltage V5 comprise:
If charging current Ip, shows undesired information of indication charging device work and termination charging greater than Imax, and
If charging current Ip is equal to or less than Imax between precharge phase, then after precharge, measure the first battery tension Vba1.
7. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that,
Described first step is included in the step to measures ambient temperature before the charge in batteries, and
The first charging voltage Vch1, the second charging voltage Vch2, the 3rd charging voltage Vch3 and the 4th charging voltage Vch4 have opposite characteristic with respect to ambient temperature Ta.
8. one kind comprises Pb-Ca type alloy anode grid and contains dilute sulfuric acid and be equal to or greater than the charging method of the lead accumulator of 1.280 electrolytic solution at 20 ℃ of its proportions, it is characterized in that,
Described charging method comprises
The control charging voltage makes it to be approximately or less than 2.40 volts/unit, and the depth of discharge of lead accumulator is approximately or less than 50% of lead accumulator rated capacity.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, at once battery value begins to be used as the parameter of indicating depth of discharge after the charging beginning.
10. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, is used to indicate the parameter of depth of discharge up to the charging interval that obtains predetermined battery value from the initial beginning of charging.
11. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the control charging voltage is to keep and ambient temperature opposite characteristic when charging.
12. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, lead accumulator comprises the lead accumulator of sealing, and this battery absorbs oxygen at the negative plate of hermetic lead accumulator, and this oxygen is produced by the positive plate of hermetic lead accumulator.
13. one kind makes it to be equal to or less than the charging method to storage battery of predetermined control magnitude of voltage by the control charging voltage, it is characterized in that,
Control described control magnitude of voltage and make it to keep opposite characteristic, and keep positive characteristic with respect to the battery discharging degree of depth with respect to the ambient temperature of charging.
14. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, begins to be increased to the parameter of selecting the indication depth of discharge the predetermined value institute elapsed time to charging voltage from the charging voltage value in when beginning charging with from charging.
15. the charging device to charge in batteries is characterized in that, comprises
The charging voltage control unit is used to control charging voltage so that make it to be equal to or less than the expectant control magnitude of voltage;
The ambient temperature measurement unit is used for measures ambient temperature when charging, and
The depth of discharge detecting unit is used to detect the depth of discharge of storage battery,
Wherein, charging voltage control unit control control magnitude of voltage has opposite characteristic with maintenance with respect to the ambient temperature that is measured by the ambient temperature measurement unit, and keeps having positive characteristic with respect to the depth of discharge that is measured by the depth of discharge detecting unit.
16. charging device according to claim 15, it is characterized in that, the depth of discharge detecting unit comprises and being used for beginning to be increased to the device that parameter that predetermined value institute elapsed time selects is measured to charging voltage from the charging voltage value in when beginning charging with from charging
Wherein, the depth of discharge detecting unit uses detected parameter detecting depth of discharge.
17. the method that lead accumulator is charged is characterized in that, comprises
Detect the first step of lead accumulator discharge condition, and
If it is shallow that detected discharge condition is compared with the predetermined discharge state, then lead accumulator is carried out constant voltage charge, be dark if detected discharge condition is compared with the predetermined discharge state, then lead accumulator is carried out constant current charge.
18. method according to claim 17 is characterized in that, second step comprises according to the parameter detecting depth of discharge, described parameter during from the charging beginning charging voltage value and begin to obtaining to select the predetermined charge voltages institute elapsed time from charging.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10145348 | 1998-05-27 | ||
| JP145348/1998 | 1998-05-27 | ||
| JP14534898A JP3669153B2 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1998-05-27 | Lead-acid battery charging method |
| JP10155530 | 1998-06-04 | ||
| JP155530/1998 | 1998-06-04 | ||
| JP041199/1999 | 1999-02-19 | ||
| JP11041199 | 1999-02-19 | ||
| JP11079108 | 1999-03-24 | ||
| JP079108/1999 | 1999-03-24 |
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| CN1241042A true CN1241042A (en) | 2000-01-12 |
| CN100362690C CN100362690C (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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| CNB991075773A Expired - Fee Related CN100362690C (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Accumulator charging method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN100416975C (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2008-09-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Rechargeable battery charging method and its device |
| CN102130368A (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2011-07-20 | 江苏技术师范学院 | Preheating charging method of valve-controlled type lead-acid storage battery |
| CN102136613A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-07-27 | 江苏技术师范学院 | Valve-regulated lead-acid battery equalizing charge method |
| WO2011120334A1 (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2011-10-06 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Charging control method for rechargeable battery and portable computer |
| CN102683763A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-09-19 | 双新电器(郑州)制造有限公司 | Charging method |
| CN101123365B (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社理光 | Charging circuit for secondary battery |
| CN103066341A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-24 | 陈思达 | A tracking-charging method for a lithium polymer battery |
| CN103700901A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-02 | 上海广为美线电源电器有限公司 | Multistage intelligent charging method |
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| CN106025370A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-10-12 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Formation method of soft package lithium battery |
| CN106410304A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-15 | 双登集团股份有限公司 | Insufficient charging cycle system suitable for matching with lead-carbon battery in energy accumulation scene |
| CN111799497A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-20 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Battery formation system and battery formation method |
Families Citing this family (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8432135B2 (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2013-04-30 | Panasonic Corporation | Method of controlling lead-acid battery and power supply system |
| US20110199058A1 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-18 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Agm battery recovery and capacity tester |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1010212A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-01-16 | Sony Corp | Method for evaluating battery and device for evaluating battery |
-
1998
- 1998-05-27 JP JP14534898A patent/JP3669153B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-05-27 CN CNB991075773A patent/CN100362690C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101123365B (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2012-09-26 | 株式会社理光 | Charging circuit for secondary battery |
| CN100416975C (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2008-09-03 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Rechargeable battery charging method and its device |
| US9178372B2 (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2015-11-03 | Lenovo (Beijing) Limited | Charging control method for a rechargeable battery and portable computer |
| WO2011120334A1 (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2011-10-06 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Charging control method for rechargeable battery and portable computer |
| US9634511B2 (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2017-04-25 | Lenovo (Beijing) Limited | Charging control method for a rechargeable battery and portable computer |
| CN102130368A (en) * | 2011-02-16 | 2011-07-20 | 江苏技术师范学院 | Preheating charging method of valve-controlled type lead-acid storage battery |
| CN102136613A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2011-07-27 | 江苏技术师范学院 | Valve-regulated lead-acid battery equalizing charge method |
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| CN102683763B (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2017-03-22 | 双新电器(郑州)制造有限公司 | Charging method |
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| CN103066341B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-11-18 | 陈思达 | A kind of lithium polymer battery follows the tracks of the method for charging |
| CN103066341A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-04-24 | 陈思达 | A tracking-charging method for a lithium polymer battery |
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| CN103700901A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-04-02 | 上海广为美线电源电器有限公司 | Multistage intelligent charging method |
| CN104348232A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-02-11 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Linear charger, method and electronic equipment |
| CN106025370A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-10-12 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Formation method of soft package lithium battery |
| CN106410304A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-15 | 双登集团股份有限公司 | Insufficient charging cycle system suitable for matching with lead-carbon battery in energy accumulation scene |
| CN106410304B (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-12-25 | 双登集团股份有限公司 | Charge less suitable for energy storage scene matching lead carbon battery recycles standard |
| CN111799497A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-20 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Battery formation system and battery formation method |
| CN111799497B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-04-15 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Battery formation system and battery formation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3669153B2 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
| CN100362690C (en) | 2008-01-16 |
| JPH11339859A (en) | 1999-12-10 |
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