CN2543216Y - Fuel cell capable of realizig multiplication of output voltage - Google Patents
Fuel cell capable of realizig multiplication of output voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN2543216Y CN2543216Y CN02217085U CN02217085U CN2543216Y CN 2543216 Y CN2543216 Y CN 2543216Y CN 02217085 U CN02217085 U CN 02217085U CN 02217085 U CN02217085 U CN 02217085U CN 2543216 Y CN2543216 Y CN 2543216Y
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- fuel cell
- membrane electrode
- output voltage
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- end plate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a fuel cell capable of realizing multiplication of output voltage which comprises at least a membrane electrode, at least two flow guide polar plates, two flow collection motherboards, a front end plate, a rear end plate and at least a connecting rod, the conductive part of the membrane electrode is separated into at least two equal conductive areas by an insulator, the conductive part of the flow guide polar plate is separated into at least two equal conductive areas corresponding to the membrane electrode by an insulator, the flow collection motherboards with at least two equal conductive areas are connected in series, the fuel cell capable of realizing multiplication of output voltage can be formed. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has bigger effective working areas of the flow guide polar plates and the membrane electrode of the fuel cell, can decrease the current output by several times and increase the voltage output by several times, saves the cell material, and improves the energy conversion efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell especially relates to a can realize fuel cell of output voltage several times increase.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device that is capable of converting hydrogen fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each conductive plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The conductive film electrode plates can be plates made of metal materials or plates made of graphite materials. The diversion pore canals and the diversion grooves on the membrane electrode guiding plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is arranged, and a flow guide polar plate of anode fuel and a flow guide polar plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arrangedon two sides of the membrane electrode. The flow guide polar plates are used as current collector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the flow guide grooves on the flow guide polar plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) cooling fluid (such as water) is uniformly distributed into cooling channels in each battery pack through an inlet and an outlet of the cooling fluid and a flow guide channel, and heat generated by electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles, and can also be used as a portable, movable and fixed power generation device.
The output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is related to the effective working area of the membrane electrode in the fuel cell, for example, when the fuel cell works at the current density of 0.5 ampere/(per square centimeter of membrane electrode), 100 amperes can be output by adopting the effective membrane electrode of 200 square centimeters. The output voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is related to the number of working single cells in the fuel cell, the output voltage of each working single cell is about 1.0-0.5V, and a plurality of working single cells are connected in series to form a fuel cell stack, so that the fuel cell stack can realize higher voltage output.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the guide plate, the membrane electrode, and the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell are shown.
According to the application requirements of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in different power ranges, the effective area of a membrane electrode, the size and the shape of a flow guide polar plate and the number of single cells in the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack are considered in the engineering design of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Because of the flow guide polar plate, the width and height of the fuel cell stack and the output current of the fuel cell are determined by the effective area of the membrane electrode, and the length of the fuel cell stack and the output voltage are determined by the number of single cells in the fuel cell stack.
Therefore, currently, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack manufactured by the international famous Ballard Power System company shows that the width and height of the fuel cell stack are larger (about 20 cm) and the length is more than 40 cm in the Mark 5 type engineering design when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is used as a high-Power or Power generation device, but shows that the width and height of the fuel cell stack are smaller (not more than about 5 cm) in another small-sized fuel cell engineering design when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is used as a portable low-Power generation device, but the length of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is longer and is also dozens of cm in order to increase the output voltage and increase the number of working single cells.
The fuel cell engineering design obtains output current and voltage suitable for application requirements according to the application requirements of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in different power ranges in principle.
However, the fuel cell stack formed by the fuel cell engineering design method currently carried out has insurmountable defects:
(1) when the fuel cell stack is required to output high power, the output current and voltage of the fuel cell are generally increased, the length of the fuel cell stack is limited due to the assembly of the fuel cell stack, namely, the number of single fuel cells is limited, and as a result, the output current of the fuel cell has to be increased, namely, the width and the height of the fuel cell are increased, so that the output current reaches hundreds of amperes, and as a result, a lot of electric energy loss is generated during large current output, and the loss is mainly generated on the internal resistance, circuits and joints of the fuel cell, and the heat energy which cannot be utilized is changed, so that the energy efficiency of the fuel cell is reduced.
(2) When the fuel cell stack is in medium and low power, and particularly requires high voltage output, the current output of the fuel cell stack must be reduced as much as possible, and the voltage output of the fuel cell stack must be correspondingly increased, so that the width and height of the fuel cell stack must be very small, the number of single cells is very large, and the length is very long, which not only causes assembly difficulty, but also increases the quantity of the fuel cell manufacturing materials, and greatly increases the cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide a fuel cell capable of increasing the output voltage several times without increasing the volume.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme: a fuel cell capable of realizing several times increase of output voltage comprises at least a membrane electrode, at least two guide polar plates, two collecting mother plates, a front end plate, a back end plate and at least a connecting rod, wherein the membrane electrode is formed by attaching catalysts and porous carbon paper on two sides of a proton exchange membrane, the guide polar plates are provided with guide grooves, two guide polar plates clamp a membrane electrode to form a cell unit, the cell units are connected in series through the connecting rod, and the collecting mother plates, the front end plate and the back end plate are arranged at two ends to form the fuel cell At least two current collecting mother boards with equal conducting areas are connected in series at two ends of the anode to form the fuel cell capable of increasing the output voltage by several times.
The insulator includes plastic resin or rubber.
The utility model discloses owing to adopted above technical scheme, adopt new proton exchange membrane fuel cell engineering design promptly, the fuel cell pile made from this when having great fuel cell water conservancy diversion polar plate, the effective working area of membrane electrode, can realize reducing battery current output several times equally, and increase battery voltage output several times, reach both sparingly fuel cell material, improve fuel cell energy conversion efficiency's purpose again.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional flow guide plate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional membrane electrode;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the flow guide plate of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the membrane electrode of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A fuel cell capable of realizing the increase of several times of output voltage comprises at least one membrane electrode, at least two guide polar plates,two collecting mother plates, a front end plate, a rear end plate and at least one connecting rod, wherein the membrane electrode is formed by attaching catalysts and porous carbon paper on two sides of a proton exchange membrane; the conducting part of the membrane electrode is divided into at least two equal conducting areas by an insulator, the conducting part of the flow guide polar plate is divided into at least two equal conducting areas corresponding to the membrane electrode by the insulator, when the membrane electrode and the flow guide polar plate are assembled into the fuel cell in series, at least two equal conducting areas are respectively arranged at the two ends of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell by at least four non-series flow collecting mother boards, and then the flow collecting mother boards of at least two equal conducting areas are connected in series, thus forming the fuel cell which can realize the increase of the output voltage by times.
In fig. 1, the inside of the dashed line of the current-conducting plate is a conducting region, and the outside of the dashed line is an insulating region, which divides the conducting region inside the dashed line into A, B equal conducting regions, as shown in fig. 4, the dashed line represents the insulator separation, but the current-conducting plate and the current-conducting field (current-conducting channel) thereon formed by A, B equal regions are the same as the current-conducting field and the current-conducting channel in the current-conducting plate with large active area in fig. 1.
The dotted line in fig. 2 represents a conductive area, and the outside of the dotted line represents an insulating area, which divides the conductive area of the membrane electrode in the dotted line into two equal conductive areas a 'and B', as shown in fig. 5, but the two areas a 'and B' are flat and flat, and have the same shape as the membrane electrode with large active area infig. 2, and the insulator division (dotted line) can be insulated and connected by various adhesives, such as plastic resin and rubber.
When the above-mentioned flow guide polar plate and membrane electrode are series-connected and assembled into fuel cell stack, as shown in fig. 3, A, B two equal regions are respectively placed at cathode and anode ends of fuel cell stack by using four non-series flow collecting mother plates, then A, B two equal regions of flow collecting mother plates are series-connected after collecting flow so as to reduce output current of fuel cell stack by one time and increase voltage by one time.
Of course, if the active working area of the flow guide plate, the membrane electrode and the current collecting mother plate is divided into four parts insulated from each other according to the same principle, the four parts are not necessarily equal due to different working performances of the parts, but the four parts have to be divided into four parts with the same working current, so that the total current output of the fuel cell is reduced by four times, and the voltage is increased by four times. The rest is divided into eight parts, and even more parts have the same principle.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 6, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack assembled according to the prior art has a common bipolar plate a (with a cooling plate a)1Flow guide polar plate) 20, membrane electrode b20, two flow collection mother plates c, a front end plate d and a back end plate e.
The hydrogen is used as fuel, air is used as oxidant, the effective area of each membrane electrode is 280 square centimeters, the size of a bipolar plate water-cooling clamping plate is 206 centimeters in height, 206 centimeters in width and 5 centimeters in thickness, the working pressure (hydrogen and air) is 0.5-2 atmospheric pressures, and the temperature is 76 ℃. There are 20 working cells in total.
When each working single cell outputs 0.6 volt, the membrane electrode working current density is 0.8A/square centimeter, the total voltage output by the whole fuel cell stack is 12 volts, and the total current is 224 amperes.
The utility model discloses cut apart into two symmetry work areas with bipolar plate water-cooling splint active work part, non-work active part is insulating material, cuts apart into two equal symmetry parts with the mass flow motherboard, is equivalent to two fuel cell piles and carries out series connection, and as a result, fuel cell total output voltage increases one time, reaches 24 volts, and the electric current reduces one time and reaches 112 amperes, and the total power is unchangeable.
Example 2
According to the embodiment 1, each bipolar plate (flow guide plate containing water-cooled clamping plates), membrane electrode and active working part of the flow collecting mother plate are divided into four areas (the four areas are not necessarily equal due to the difference of the working performance of each area), so that the total output of the fuel cell reaches 48 volts and 56 amperes.
Claims (2)
1. A fuel cell capable of realizing several times increase of output voltage comprises at least a membrane electrode, at least two guide polar plates, two collecting mother plates, a front end plate, a back end plate and at least a connecting rod, wherein the membrane electrode is formed by attaching catalysts and porous carbon paper on two sides of a proton exchange membrane, the guide polar plates are provided with guide grooves, two guide polar plates clamp a membrane electrode to form a cell unit, the cell units are connected in series through the connecting rod, and the collecting mother plates, the front end plate and the back end plate are arranged at two ends to form the fuel cell, and the fuel cell is characterized in that the conductive part of the membrane electrode is divided into at least two equal conductive areas by an insulator, the conductive part of the guide polar plate is divided into at least two equal conductive areas corresponding to the membrane electrode by the insulator, when the membrane electrode and the guide polar plates are connected in series to form the fuel cell, at least two equal conductive areas are respectively arranged at the two ends of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell by at least four non-series flow collecting mother boards, and then the flow collecting mother boards of the at least two equal conductive areas are connected in series, thus forming the fuel cell which can realize the increase of the output voltage by times.
2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the insulator comprises a plastic resin or rubber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02217085U CN2543216Y (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Fuel cell capable of realizig multiplication of output voltage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02217085U CN2543216Y (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Fuel cell capable of realizig multiplication of output voltage |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2543216Y true CN2543216Y (en) | 2003-04-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02217085U Expired - Lifetime CN2543216Y (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Fuel cell capable of realizig multiplication of output voltage |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN2543216Y (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1303716C (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2007-03-07 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell with high output voltage |
-
2002
- 2002-04-26 CN CN02217085U patent/CN2543216Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1303716C (en) * | 2002-04-26 | 2007-03-07 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell with high output voltage |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Effective date of abandoning: 20020426 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |