CN2554808Y - Fuel cell capable of realizing increasing output current several times and reduing outpout voltage several times - Google Patents
Fuel cell capable of realizing increasing output current several times and reduing outpout voltage several times Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN2554808Y CN2554808Y CN02217653U CN02217653U CN2554808Y CN 2554808 Y CN2554808 Y CN 2554808Y CN 02217653 U CN02217653 U CN 02217653U CN 02217653 U CN02217653 U CN 02217653U CN 2554808 Y CN2554808 Y CN 2554808Y
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- cell stack
- current
- plate
- flow guide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y02E60/521—
Abstract
The utility model relates to a fuel cell which can realize that the output current is increased by multiple times and the output voltage is decreased by multiple times. The fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode, a conduction current electrode plate, a current collection motherboard, a front end plate, a back end plate, a connecting rod, and an insulation partition plate. The insulation partition plate divides a fuel cell stack into a plurality of cell units, each cell unit consists of a plurality of single cells, the cell units are respectively provided with two current collection motherboards which have an anode and a cathode, the anode current collection motherboards of a plurality of cell units in the whole fuel cell stack are connected in parallel, at the same time, the cathode current collection motherboards thereof are connected in parallel to form the fuel cell which can rise the current and reduce the voltage. Compared with the prior art, the utility model is suitable for the occasions with high current and low voltage, thus the utility model has the advantages that the energy consumption is reduced, and the material is saved, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell especially relates to a can realize that output current increases output voltage several times and reduces fuel cell.
Background
An electrochemical fuel cell is a device that is capable of converting hydrogen fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy and reaction products. The inner core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which is composed of a proton exchange Membrane and two porous conductive materials sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, such as carbon paper. The membrane contains a uniform and finely dispersed catalyst, such as a platinum metal catalyst, for initiating an electrochemical reaction at the interface between the membrane and the carbon paper. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process can be led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit to form a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and undergo electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst to lose electrons to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the cathode end at the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen), such as air, forms negative ions by permeating through a porous diffusion material (carbon paper) and electrochemically reacting on the surface of the catalyst to give electrons. The anions formed at the cathode end react with the positive ions transferred from the anode end to form reaction products.
In a pem fuel cell using hydrogen as the fuel and oxygen-containing air as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant),the catalytic electrochemical reaction of the fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces hydrogen cations (or protons). The proton exchange membrane assists the migration of positive hydrogen ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other to cause explosive reactions.
In the cathode region, oxygen gains electrons on the catalyst surface, forming negative ions, which react with the hydrogen positive ions transported from the anode region to produce water as a reaction product. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equations:
and (3) anode reaction:
and (3) cathode reaction:
in a typical pem fuel cell, a Membrane Electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each conductive plate in contact with the MEA is die-cast, stamped, or mechanically milled to form at least one or more channels. The conductive film electrode plates can be plates made of metal materials or plates made of graphite materials. The diversion pore canals and the diversion grooves on the membrane electrode guiding plates respectively guide the fuel and the oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode is arranged, and a flow guide polar plate of anode fuel and a flow guide polar plate of cathode oxidant are respectively arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode. The flow guide polar plates are used as currentcollector plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode, and the flow guide grooves on the flow guide polar plates are also used as channels for fuel and oxidant to enter the surfaces of the anode and the cathode and as channels for taking away water generated in the operation process of the fuel cell.
In order to increase the total power of the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can be connected in series to form a battery pack in a straight-stacked manner or connected in a flat-laid manner to form a battery pack. In the direct-stacking and serial-type battery pack, two surfaces of one polar plate can be provided with flow guide grooves, wherein one surface can be used as an anode flow guide surface of one membrane electrode, and the other surface can be used as a cathode flow guide surface of another adjacent membrane electrode, and the polar plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a manner to form a battery pack. The battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate and a tie rod.
A typical battery pack generally includes: (1) the fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and the oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode surface and the cathode surface; (2) cooling fluid (such as water) is uniformly distributed into cooling channels in each battery pack through an inlet and an outlet of the cooling fluid and a flow guide channel, and heat generated by electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell is absorbed and taken out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlets of the fuel gas and the oxidant gas and the corresponding flow guide channels can carry out liquid and vapor water generated in the fuel cell when the fuel gas and the oxidant gasare discharged. Typically, all fuel, oxidant, and cooling fluid inlets and outlets are provided in one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles such as vehicles and ships, and can also be used as a hand-operated, movable and fixed power generation device.
The output current of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is related to the limited working area of the electrode in the fuel cell, for example, when the fuel cell works at the current density of 0.5 ampere/(per square centimeter of membrane electrode), 100 amperes can be output by adopting an effective membrane electrode of 200 square centimeters; on the other hand, the output voltage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is related to the number of working single cells in the fuel cell, the output voltage of each working single cell is about 1-0.5V, and a plurality of working single cells are connected in series to form a fuel cell stack, so that the fuel cell stack can realize higher voltage output.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, a guide plate membrane electrode of a fuel cell and a fuel cell stack are shown.
According to the application requirements of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in different power ranges, the effective area of a membrane electrode, the size and the shape of a flow guide polar plate and the number of single cells in the whole proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack are considered in the engineering design of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The width and height of the fuel cell stack and the corresponding output current of the fuel cell are determined by the effective areas of the flow guide polar plate and the membrane electrode, and the length of the fuel cell stack and the output voltage are determined by the number of single cells in the fuel cell stack.
Therefore, currently, the currently known proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack manufactured by Ballard Power System company is used as a Power System device or a Power generation device with larger Power, the Mark9 type single module single cell stack embodies the larger width and height of the fuel cell stack (about 20 cm) in engineering design, but when used as a portable low-Power generation device, the other small fuel cell engineering design embodies the smaller width and height of the fuel cell stack (not more than 5 cm), but the length is longer and is dozens of cm long in order to increase the output voltage by increasing the number of working single cells.
The fuel cell engineering design obtains output current and voltage suitable for application requirements according to the application requirements of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in different power ranges in principle. However, the fuel cell stack formed by the fuel cell engineering design method currently implemented has insurmountable defects in low-voltage and high-current applications:
(1) when the fuel cell stack outputs a large current application requirement, the area of each plate in the fuel cell stack is generally increased according to the method. However, in some specific applications, such as electrolysis and electroplating, requiring more than a thousand or even thousands of amperes, it is not possible to increase the output current by increasing the area of the plates in the fuel cell stack.
(2) When the fuel cell stack outputs low-voltage application requirements, the number of single cells in the stack is generally reduced according to the method, but in some special application fields, such as electrolysis and electroplating fields, the required output voltage is very low, generally between 2 and 5 volts, so that the requirement on the number of single cells in the fuel cell stack is about between 3 and 10 single cells, and the small number of single cells severely limits the high-power output of the fuel cell stack.
(3) If a fuel cell stack of normal design is used, the output voltage must be higher than 2-5 volts, and the output current will not exceed one thousand amperes. The rectification equipment is adopted to rectify the low-voltage high-current power into low-voltage high-current power, extra equipment is needed, the rectification efficiency is only about 80% -90%, and a large amount of valuable electric energy is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell capable of increasing output current several times and reducing output voltage several times on the premise of ensuring that the fuel cell has a normal volume.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme: a fuel cell capable of realizing increasing output current by several times and reducing output voltage by several times comprises a membrane electrode, a flow guide polar plate, a flow collection mother plate, a front end plate, a rear end plate and a connecting rod, wherein the membrane electrode is formed by attaching catalysts and porous carbon paper on two sides of a proton exchange membrane, the membrane electrode is provided with a flow guide pore passage, the flow guide polar plate is provided with a flow guide groove and a flow guide pore passage, the two flow guide polar plates clamp one membrane electrode to form a single cell, the single cells are connected in series through the connecting rod, the flow collection mother plates are arranged at two ends to form a fuel cell stack, and the front end plate and the rear end plate are arranged at two ends of the fuel; the fuel cell stackis characterized by also comprising an insulating separator plate, wherein the insulating separator plate divides the fuel cell stack into a plurality of cell units, each cell unit consists of a plurality of single cells, each cell unit is respectively provided with two current collecting mother plates which are divided into a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode current collecting mother plates of the plurality of cell units in the whole fuel cell stack are connected in parallel, the negative electrode current collecting mother plates are connected in parallel, the fuel cell stack with the output current being multiple times of that of one cell unit and the output voltage being only the same as that of one cell unit is formed, and the front end plate and the rear end plate are arranged at the two ends of the fuel cell stack, so that the fuel cell stack with the output current being increased by multiple times and the output voltage being reduced.
The insulating partition board can be a polycarbonate board or an epoxy resin board.
The insulating partition board is provided with a flow guide pore passage corresponding to the membrane electrode, the flow guide polar plate and the flow collection mother board.
The insulating separator plates can divide the fuel cell stack into any number of cell units, and each cell unit is composed of at least three single cells.
The fuel cell stack is divided into ten cell units by the insulating partition plates, and each cell unit consists of four single cells.
The insulating separator plates divide the fuel cell stack into eight cell units, and each cell unit consists of five single cells.
The utility model discloses owing to adopted above technical scheme, the fuel cell pile that consequently makes is having the fuel cell guide plate and the effective working area of electrode of general normal size, and when more a great number monocell (having longer length), can realize increasing fuel cell current output several times equally, and reduce battery voltage output several times, reach the purpose in the application field (like electrolysis, electroplating) of certain high current, low-voltage output, can reduce the energy consumption like this, save material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a current-guiding plate of a conventional fuel cell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a membrane electrode of a conventional fuel cell;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional fuel cell;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement structure of a current-guiding plate, a membrane electrode, a current-collecting mother plate, and front and rear end plates of a conventional fuel cell;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the fuel cell flow guide polar plate, the membrane electrode, the flow collection mother plate, and the front and rear end plates of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and specific comparative examples and embodiments.
Comparative example
As shown in fig. 4, the pem fuel cell stack assembled and designed according to the prior art has 41 flow guide plates (bipolar plates with cooling water plates), 40 membrane electrodes, two positive and negative current collecting motherplates, and two front and rear end plates. In the figure:
1 'and 4' are front and rear end plates;
2 'and 3' are collecting mother boards;
5 ', 6', 7 ', … …, 45' are flow guide polar plates (bipolar plates with cooling water clamping plates each) in the fuel cell;
the dotted lines indicate membrane electrodes in the fuel cell stack.
The hydrogen is used as fuel, air is used as oxidant, the effective area of each membrane electrode is 280 square centimeters, the size of a flow guide polar plate (a bipolar plate with a cooling water clamping plate) is 206 millimeters in height, 206 millimeters in width and 5 centimeters in thickness, the working pressure (hydrogen and air) is 0.5-2 atmospheric pressures, the temperature is 76 ℃, and 40 working single cells are totally used.
The electrode operating current density was 0.8A/cm when each operating cell was outputting 0.6 volts, the total voltage output across the fuel cell stack was 24 volts, and the total current was 224 amps.
The arrangement of the fuel cell stack which is normally designed at present has the disadvantages of small output current and higher output voltage;
example 1
As shown in FIG. 5, a fuel cell (compared with the comparative example) capable of increasing output current ten times and reducing output voltage ten times is provided, which comprises 50 flow guide polar plates (bipolar plates with cooling water plates), 40 membrane electrodes, 20 positive and negative current collecting mother plates, and 1 front and back end plates respectively. In the figure:
1. 30 are front and rear end plates;
2. 8, 10, 16, 18, … …, 21, 23 and 29 are collecting motherboards;
3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, … …, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 are flow guide plates (bipolar plates with cooling water clamping plates in each case);
the dotted line indicates a membrane electrode;
9. 17, … …, 22 are insulating spacers.
The hydrogen is used as fuel, air is used as oxidant, the effective area of each electrode is 280 square centimeters, the size of a flow guide polar plate (a bipolar plate with a cooling water clamping plate) is 206 millimeters in height, 206 millimeters in width and 5 centimeters in thickness, the working pressure (hydrogen and air) is 0.5-2 atmospheric pressures, the temperature is 76 ℃, and 40 working single cells are totally used.
When each working single cell outputs 0.6V, the working current density of the membrane electrode is 0.8A/square centimeter, the output voltage of the whole fuel cell is reduced to 2.4V, the current is increased to 2240A, and the total power is unchanged.
Example 2
A fuel cell (compared with comparative example) capable of increasing output current by eight times and decreasing output voltage by eight times, similar to the separation method of example 1, in which eight units are separated as one unit every fifth unit cell and then connected according to the same principle, the output voltage of the fuel cell was 3.0 v and the current was 1792 a.
Claims (6)
1. A fuel cell capable of realizing increasing output current by several times and reducing output voltage by several times comprises a membrane electrode, a flow guide polar plate, a flow collection mother plate, a front end plate, a rear end plate and a connecting rod, wherein the membrane electrode is formed by attaching catalysts and porous carbon paper on two sides of a proton exchange membrane, the membrane electrode is provided with a flow guide pore passage, the flow guide polar plate is provided with a flow guide groove and a flow guide pore passage, the two flow guide polar plates clamp one membrane electrode to form a single cell, the single cells are connected in series through the connecting rod, the flow collection mother plates are arranged at two ends to form a fuel cell stack, and the front end plate and the rear end plate are arranged at two ends of the fuel; the fuel cell stack is characterized by also comprising an insulating separator plate, wherein the insulating separator plate divides the fuel cell stack into a plurality of cell units, each cell unit consists of a plurality of single cells, each cell unit is respectively provided with two current collecting mother plates which are divided into a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the positive electrode current collecting mother plates of the plurality of cell units in the whole fuel cell stack are connected in parallel, the negative electrode current collecting mother plates are connected in parallel, the fuel cell stack with the output current being multiple times of that of one cell unit and the output voltage being only the same as that of one cell unit is formed, and the front end plate and the rear end plate are arranged at the two ends of the fuel cell stack, so that the fuel cell stack with the output current being increased by multiple times and the output voltage being reduced.
2. The fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulating spacer is made of polycarbonate or epoxy resin.
3. The fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the insulating separator has a plurality of channels corresponding to the membrane electrode, the current-guidingplate and the current-collecting mother plate.
4. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the insulating separator is adapted to divide the fuel cell stack into any number of cells, each cell comprising at least three unit cells.
5. The fuel cell according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the insulating separator divides the fuel cell stack into ten cells, each cell consisting of four single cells.
6. The fuel cell according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the insulating separator divides the fuel cell stack into eight cell units each of which is composed of five single cells.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02217653U CN2554808Y (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | Fuel cell capable of realizing increasing output current several times and reduing outpout voltage several times |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02217653U CN2554808Y (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | Fuel cell capable of realizing increasing output current several times and reduing outpout voltage several times |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2554808Y true CN2554808Y (en) | 2003-06-04 |
Family
ID=33696423
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN02217653U Expired - Lifetime CN2554808Y (en) | 2002-05-24 | 2002-05-24 | Fuel cell capable of realizing increasing output current several times and reduing outpout voltage several times |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2554808Y (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100356624C (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2007-12-19 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell capable of realizing output current several times increasing and output voltage several times lowering |
-
2002
- 2002-05-24 CN CN02217653U patent/CN2554808Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100356624C (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2007-12-19 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell capable of realizing output current several times increasing and output voltage several times lowering |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN1641918A (en) | Integrated fuel cell pile packaging and fastening device | |
| CN1815789A (en) | Flow-collection mother-board and end-plate composite structure for fuel cells | |
| CN1194436C (en) | Improved fuel cell | |
| CN1469502A (en) | Integrated fuel cell | |
| CN1866592A (en) | Combined type flow guide polar plate suitable for normal pressure or low pressure fuel cell | |
| CN1929176A (en) | Guiding pole plate capable of being used as proton exchanging film and method for manufacturing same | |
| CN2554809Y (en) | Integral fuel cell | |
| CN1320679C (en) | Inner wetting proton exchanging film fuel battery | |
| CN1581554A (en) | Fuel cell capable of improving operation life | |
| CN2554808Y (en) | Fuel cell capable of realizing increasing output current several times and reduing outpout voltage several times | |
| CN2829110Y (en) | Energy-saving fuel battery stack with hydrogen supplier | |
| CN1198352C (en) | Fuel battery with higher output power | |
| CN1303716C (en) | Fuel cell with high output voltage | |
| CN1459884A (en) | Fuel cell capable of realizing output current several times increasing and output voltage several times lowering | |
| CN2632869Y (en) | Fuel battery for increasing output current and decreasing voltage by times | |
| CN2763992Y (en) | Flow concentration motherboard and end board combined structure for fuel cell | |
| CN2543216Y (en) | Fuel cell capable of realizig multiplication of output voltage | |
| CN1527426A (en) | Fuel cell capable of increasing its output current for several times and lowering its output voltage for several times | |
| CN1508898A (en) | Guide polar plate capable of increnasing operation stability of fuel cell | |
| CN2796119Y (en) | Combined flow guide dipolar plate suitable for constant voltage or low voltage fuel cell | |
| CN2554806Y (en) | High-efficient anti-corrosion compound flow collection mother board for fuel cell | |
| CN2588554Y (en) | Carrent leading polar board structure for fuel battery | |
| CN1635657A (en) | A double fuel cell power system capable of parallel working | |
| CN2738403Y (en) | Planar electrode die capable of automatic regulating parallelism | |
| CN2607670Y (en) | Fuel cell stack suitable for batch production and mounting |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Effective date of abandoning: 20071219 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |