CN2521601Y

CN2521601Y - Multifunctional electronic calorimeter

Info

Publication number: CN2521601Y
Application number: CN 01201293
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王凤才
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-02-13
Filing date: 2001-02-13
Publication date: 2002-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2011-02-13

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multifunctional electronic calorimeter composed of a temperature sensor, a flow sensor, a singlechip and the like. The temperature sensor and the flow sensor are arranged on the heat supply pipeline of users, wherein the two sensors are respectively used to check water temperature and flow capacity, transform water temperature and flow capacity into impulse signals, and then send the impulse signals to the singlechip. The singlechip calculates heat according to water temperature and flow capacity, and then sends heat and flow capacity to non-volatile accumulator to store after accumulation. Usage of optional buttons of a bread board can control the singlechip and liquid crystal display screen to respectively display temperature, flow capacity and heat, thereby multifunctional heat calculation can be achieved.

Description

The multifunction electronic calorimeter

The utility model is the multifunction electronic calorimeter that the metering and the discharge of the temperature detection in the heating system, heating load are measured of being used for that adopts composition such as temperature sensor, flow sensor, single-chip microcomputer, nonvolatile memory, segment code type LCDs, OptionButton.

Heat-supplying mode mainly contains two big classes at present: the one, and steam supply way, the one, heat supply water mode, resident's heating system adopts heat supply water mode mostly, and the great majority of the metering method in the system are the metering to heat supply discharge, its metering outfit mostly is hot water gauge, a hot water gauge is installed on the pipeline of registering one's residence of heat supply user, what of user's heat amount the variable of pressing water meter judge, but the temperature of water is not simultaneously in heating system, even identical flow, the heat that is transmitted is also inequality, and is especially first in same heating system, the temperature of tail end is also different, though, can not reflect the heat of actual transmissions so can measure the flow of water with hot water gauge.

Main effect of the present utility model is to form an instrument that can directly measure heat in heating system, be used for metering to user's heat amount in the heating system, it can calculate heat according to the temperature and the flowmeter of heat supply water, and add up, even the temperature difference of water also can guarantee the rationality and the accuracy of measuring in the heating system.

Multifunction electronic calorimeter of the present utility model is by temperature sensor, flow sensor, single-chip microcomputer, nonvolatile memory, compositions such as segment code type LCDs and OptionButton, flow sensor is installed on user's the heat supply pipeline of registering one's residence to be measured, temperature sensor is installed on user's register one's residence heat supply pipeline and the water return pipeline to be measured, temperature sensor and flow sensor detect the temperature of water and flow and physical quantity are transformed into electric parameter, and then through change-over circuit electric parameter is transformed into pulse signal and sends into single-chip microcomputer and handle, single-chip microcomputer is calculated heat according to the temperature and the flowmeter of water, again heat and flow are added up, sending into nonvolatile memory then preserves, the segment code type LCDs shows as terminal, can select displays temperature by the OptionButton on the cabinet, heat and flow, because this multifunction electronic calorimeter is to calculate heat according to the temperature and the flowmeter of the water of tested point, even so when temperature of diverse location etc. differs greatly in the heating system, also can accurately measure heat.

The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:

Fig. 1 is a multifunction electronic calorimeter electrical schematic diagram

Fig. 2 is the local electrical schematic diagram in display part

Fig. 3 is the water wheels synoptic diagram

In the described electrical schematic diagram of Fig. 1, circuit 10 is a single-chip microcomputer, and the RST pin is a reset terminal, and KF is a reset button, single-chip microcomputer can be resetted by this button when needing manual reset.Second function of its P3.4 pin is counter T0, it is the input end of temperature pulse signal, second function of its P3.5 pin is counter T1, it is the input end of traffic pulse, by to mcu programming, make single-chip microcomputer regularly read in temperature and flow value from counter, calculate heat according to temperature and flowmeter again by certain way.

DJ1 among Fig. 1, DJ2 is a temperature sensor, with resistance R 1, R2, R3 forms electric bridge, diagonal angle a, b is the electric bridge output terminal, by resistance R 4, R5 inserts the input end of amplifier of electrical bridge 1, form both-end and import single-ended output amplifier of electrical bridge, when temperature was zero degrees celsius, making P3.2 earlier was electronegative potential, this moment, DJ2 was effective, adjust W12 and make bridge balance, making P3.3 again is electronegative potential, and this moment, DJ1 was effective, adjust W11 and make bridge balance, a during bridge balance, b two point voltages are zero, when temperature raises, and a, 2 of b just have voltage output, the performance of apparent temperature sensor, temperature high output voltage more are big more.This output voltage is after amplifier of electrical bridge 1 amplifies, the input end of sending into voltage/frequency transducer 2 through R13 carries out the voltage/frequency conversion, just obtain pulse with the corresponding different frequency of input end at its output terminal, this pulsed frequency is corresponding with bridge output voltage, also corresponding with temperature, this pulse is sent into the counter T0 of single-chip microcomputer, T0 counts within a certain period of time with programmed control, method is to compile a time delay subroutine, can be 1 second or 0.5 second, use sequence control counter, when beginning to count, the operation delay procedure, in time-delay at the end, turn-off counter, read the umber of pulse that obtains from counter then and be corresponding temperature value, this moment, the physical quantity of temperature converted digital quantity to, had promptly finished the A/D conversion.

Adjust the enlargement factor that W2 can change amplifier of electrical bridge, the output voltage of amplifier of electrical bridge has a suitable value when being used for making the highest measurement temperature, and this value is higher as far as possible, can improve resolution.A, b two point voltages are zero when temperature is zero degrees celsius, the output of amplifier of electrical bridge also is zero, adjusting W3, to make the output of voltage/frequency transducer 2 just be zero in setting-up time, or adjusting W3 when temperature is 1 degree centigrade, to make the output of voltage/frequency transducer 2 just be 1 in setting-up time.Adjust the output pulse frequency that W4 and C5 can change voltage/frequency transducer 2, the output voltage maximum of amplifier of electrical bridge when the highest measurement temperature, adjust W4 and C5 and make the output pulse frequency of voltage/frequency transducer 2 suitable, it is accurate to adjust the temperature value that single-chip microcomputer is read from counter repeatedly.

Circuit 32 among Fig. 1 is a flow sensor, Fig. 3 is the water wheels synoptic diagram of dry-type meter, the water wheel axle of dry-type meter has a permanent magnet 31 to a side, a switching Hall components 32 is installed on the shell of corresponding its rotational trajectory, and when water wheels rotated a circle, Hall unit just produced a pulse, this pulse is sent into the counter T1 counting of single-chip microcomputer, read counter by certain pattern, what read promptly is the digital quantity of flow, has promptly finished the A/D conversion.Can programming Control read counter, be located at certain hour and read at interval once, then with counter O reset by the time, or by quantity, allow counter move in the mode of automatic refitting, every counter meter is produced at full capacity to give birth to overflow and is interrupted reading once, then counter is reset.Program is whenever read to go to detect temperature at once one time behind a flow, and making P3.2 during detected temperatures earlier is electronegative potential, and this moment, DJ2 was effective, detection be the temperature of DJ2 measuring point, making P3.3 then is electronegative potential, this moment, DJ1 was effective, what detected this moment is the temperature of DJ1 measuring point.If DJ1 is installed on the pipeline of registering one's residence, the measuring point temperature is T1, and DJ2 is installed on the water return pipeline, and the measuring point temperature is T2, the flow that flow sensor detects equal m (1 premium on currency=1kg), calculate heat according to temperature and flowmeter by thermodynamic principles:

Q=m.C. Δ T=m.C (T1-T2)=heat (card)

Annotate: again flow and heat are added up after calculate heat=1000 (card) when C---specific heat, 1 ℃ of 1 premium on currency temperature variation, send into the nonvolatile memory preservation.

Circuit 6 among Fig. 1 is nonvolatile memories, what select for use here is the X24C45 nonvolatile memory of serial transmission, also can select parallel transmission or other pattern for use, but guarantee non-volatile performance, data are not lost when guaranteeing power down, and this nonvolatile memory is used for cumulative amount and other data that can not lose of storage temperature and flow.The CE of circuit 6 is that the P3.0 of sheet choosing end and single-chip microcomputer joins, when it is effective, can carry out the reading and writing operation to nonvolatile memory, SK is the serial clock input end, join with P1.0, DI is the serial data input end, joins with P1.1, and D0 is the serial data output terminal, join with P1.2, DI, D0 cooperate with the SK clock, select when effective at sheet, can finish the read-write operation of nonvolatile memory.(particulars and serial transmission program etc. can be stored the non-volatile ram instructions automatically with reference to the X24C45 serial of Wuhan Liyuan Electronics Co., Ltd.)

K1 in Fig. 1 circuit, K2, K3 are OptionButton, select to distinguish displays temperature, heat and flow with this button.Circuit 4 is a trigger, just often D0, D1, D2 and CP are noble potential, output also is noble potential, as K1, K2, when one of them button of K3 is pressed, the Dx of circuit 4 is that (Dx=D0～D2), CP is an electronegative potential to electronegative potential, trigger 4 upsets when CP saltus step from low to high, corresponding output terminal becomes electronegative potential, and corresponding light emitting diode LDx lights (LDx=LD1～LD3), indicate show this this moment.Circuit 5 is an impact damper, and OE is a sheet choosing end, and electronegative potential is effective, joins with the P3.1 of single-chip microcomputer, and Q0, Q1, Q2 are ternary output terminal, and P1.4, P1.5, the P1.6 with single-chip microcomputer joins respectively.When OE was invalid, Q0, Q1, Q2 were high-impedance state, and the P1 port of single-chip microcomputer can be carried out other task, and when OE was effective, the state of trigger 4 was just by the output of Q end.Can allow program when each cycle of operation begins, inquire about P1.4, P1.5, P1.6 pin, allow OE effective during inquiry earlier, when which button is pressed, become low level by trigger and the corresponding output terminal of impact damper, corresponding single-chip microcomputer P1.x becomes low level, program inquiring just changes when which pin is low level and removes to carry out corresponding service routine, shows related content, finishes the task of showing selected.

Circuit 11 is the display circuit part among Fig. 1, and Fig. 2 is the local electrical schematic diagram of display circuit, and circuit 21,22 is seven sections and latchs/decipher/driving circuit, segment code type numeral of each drives among Fig. 2.Circuit 23 is the segment code type LCDs among Fig. 2, want and decoding/driving circuit is used, press the different of the characteristics of segment code type LCDs and decoding/driving circuit, the circuit structure that design is fit to, as long as meeting the demands, all can adopt by the device of parallel transmission pattern and serial transmission pattern, here adopt the CD4543 of parallel transmission pattern to latch/decipher/driving circuit for seven sections, each CD543 drives one-bit digital.

This example adopts the LCDs of 8 bit digital, drive with 8 CD4543 decoding/driving circuits, a～g of CD4543 is 7 sections stroke outputs, joins with the corresponding section stroke of segment code type LCDs respectively, and LD is for latching end, high level is effective, join with the output terminal of reverser 26, ABCD is the binary-coded decimal data input pin, and the data terminal of 8 CD4543 is connected together with the bus pattern, P1.0～P1.3 with the P1 port of single-chip microcomputer joins then, is used for realizing that single-chip microcomputer transmits to the data of display circuit.Circuit 25 among Fig. 2 is 3/8 code translator, and Y0～Y7 is an output terminal, joins with the input end of reverser 26, and E1, E2, E3 are Enable Pin, and having only E3 is high level E1, circuit was just selected when E2 was low level, and Y0～Y7 was not high level when circuit was selected.E3 is connect positive supply, E2 ground connection, E1 meets the P3.7 of single-chip microcomputer, and whether circuit chooses just P3.7 control by single-chip microcomputer like this.A1, B1, C1 are data input pin, join with P1.4, P1.5, the P1.6 of single-chip microcomputer, send the bit address signal by P1.4, P1.5, P1.6 when single-chip microcomputer transmits data.Program made P3.7 effective earlier when single-chip microcomputer sent demonstration, 3/8 decoder circuit is selected, simultaneously send data again by P1.0～P1.3, send " position " address signal by P1.4～P1.6, " position " address signal is high level through the LD of the anti-phase CD4543 that makes corresponding positions of phase inverter end again after 3/8 decoder for decoding, the binary-coded decimal data that single-chip microcomputer is sent just show in this decoding, is latched in the negative edge data of LD signal, single-chip microcomputer is sent everybody successively, just finishes numeral and shows.Could decipher " position " address signal when having only the E1 of circuit 25 effectively to make circuit selected, make the LD pin of the decoding/driving circuit CD4543 of corresponding position become noble potential, data in the CD4543 latch just can refresh, the numeral of demonstration is changed, when E1 is invalid, display shows latched data in the CD4543 latch always, and at this moment the P1 port of single-chip microcomputer is invalid to display circuit, can carry out other task.

The square-wave generator of circuit 24 among Fig. 2 for forming with two phase inverters, produce a symmetrical continuously square wave as the driving power access LCDs of LCDs and CD4543 and the drive end Ph of CD4543, require square wave being called (" (1) is selected and compile in the singlechip technology application " that particulars see also what upright democracy volume of Beijing Institute of Aeronautics publication).

The software aspect of this device, the method for programming is a lot, as long as the single-chip microcomputer support, with which kind of Programming with Pascal Language can, the detailed content of relevant programming is much all having introduction in the books.As Principle of Microcomputer, Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers etc. are not done detailed description here, only mention some that notes:

After 1 device powers on, be to single-chip microcomputer, nonvolatile memory, display circuit and display items display are carried out initialization.

The aggregate-value of 2 heats and flow all is kept in the nonvolatile memory, and all will add accumulative total after reading at every turn and calculating, and preferably reads from nonvolatile memory when needs show and sends to demonstration again, can guarantee like this to show accurately.

Interrupt mode is preferably adopted in reading of 3 flows, counter T1 is set to the mode of refitting automatically, get a suitable number, the counter meter just overflows during to this number to produce and interrupts, just change then and remove to carry out the service routine that reads temperature and calculating etc., process is simplified, become simple because selected number suitable (as: 100 or 1000 etc.) makes to calculate.

4 temperature are time dependent variable values, and program will remove to read real-time temperature at every turn and could guarantee accurately like this when calculating heat.

The measuring accuracy of 5 these devices depends on the measurement unit that detects usefulness, and the more little precision of unit is high more, and these units are by programming decision,

As: the length of delaying time when reading temperature; Read the size of flow time-division section.

Claims

1. one by temperature sensor, flow sensor, single-chip microcomputer, nonvolatile memory, the multifunction electronic calorimeter that segment code type LCDs and OptionButton are formed, flow sensor is installed on user's the heat supply pipeline of registering one's residence to be measured, temperature sensor is installed on user's register one's residence heat supply pipeline and the water return pipeline to be measured, temperature sensor and flow sensor detect the temperature of water and flow and its physical quantity are transformed into electric impulse signal, the temperature pulse signal is sent into the counter [T0] of single-chip microcomputer, i.e. [P3.4] pin, the counter [T1] of single-chip microcomputer is sent in the flow signal pulse, i.e. [P3.5] pin, single-chip microcomputer regularly reads counter by certain pattern, what it is characterized in that reading from counter promptly is that the digital quantity of temperature and flow is already finished the A/D conversion, calculate heat by thermodynamic principles according to temperature and flowmeter then, again heat and flow are added up, send into nonvolatile memory then and preserve.

2. according to the related flow sensor of claims 1 described multifunction electronic calorimeter, an axial end of its water wheels has a permanent magnet [31], it is characterized in that on the shell of its corresponding rotation track, being equipped with a switching Hall components [32], whenever water wheels rotate a circle, Hall component output just produces a pulse, and counter [T1] counting of single-chip microcomputer, the umber of pulse that single-chip microcomputer is read are sent in this pulse from counter, be exactly flow number, and finished the A/D conversion.