CN2439330Y - Nozzle for atomizing feed of catalytic cracker - Google Patents
Nozzle for atomizing feed of catalytic cracker Download PDFInfo
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- CN2439330Y CN2439330Y CN 00238300 CN00238300U CN2439330Y CN 2439330 Y CN2439330 Y CN 2439330Y CN 00238300 CN00238300 CN 00238300 CN 00238300 U CN00238300 U CN 00238300U CN 2439330 Y CN2439330 Y CN 2439330Y
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- steam
- spout
- catalytic cracking
- cracking unit
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a feeding and atomizing nozzle for catalytic cracking devices for oil refineries, which is composed of steam distributing holes 4, a steam distributor 5, a spout 10, etc. In the utility model, one end of an outer pipe 6 is provided with a spray head 9; the front end of the spray head 9 is provided with a spout 10; the inner part of the outer pipe is provided with the steam distributor 5 which is provided with steam distributing holes 4. The utility model can form very uniform and exiguous liquid drops for having sufficient contact with catalyst and causing cracking reaction to be carried out in gaseous state under the temperature in a lifting pipe; the utility model can enhance the yield of light oil, reduce raw coke, can have definite penetrating power in dense phase flow of catalyst in the feeding section of the lifting pipe and can cause spraying jet to reach the middle part of the lifting pipe. The spraying jet is of a flat sector shape, has favorable cover to the cross section of the lifting pipe and can reduce backmixing.
Description
The utility model relates to a kind of atomizing feed nozzle that is used for refinery catalytic cracking unit.
The task of atomizing feed nozzle is the feedstock oil of catalytic cracking unit (heavy oil or residual oil or its mixture) and recycle oil to be atomized into tiny drop spray into riser, under the temperature in riser, feedstock oil gasifies and under catalyst action cracking reaction takes place, pass through separator then, the separation of carrying out oil gas, agent enters next procedure.
General atomizing feed nozzle all is made of hybrid chamber and ejection section.In hybrid chamber, the liquid that is atomized and the steam of assisted atomization meet, and shear mutually and tear, and form the two phase flow of mutual blending, and this then two phase flow is by the spout ejection of ejection section.These nozzles substantially all are to utilize fluid dynamic flow stability theory, in hybrid chamber, produce big as far as possible vapour (gas) liquid two-phase speed difference, reach the purpose of tearing with broken liquid, but its effect often is not very desirable, reason is the nozzle based on this principle, can not reasonably utilize the energy of atomizing steam.
The atomizer that uses in early days is the wikipedia type nozzle both at home and abroad, steam directly sprays in the liquid of nozzle hybrid chamber by a pipe, tear liquid by the shearing between steam and the liquid, spout is general circular efflux nozzle, atomizing effect is relatively poor, can not produce simultaneously the spraying jet of the required flat fan of Catalytic processes, the atomizing average grain diameter is many at 80-100 μ m, is called first generation feed nozzle.
After improving, produced second generation feed nozzle, as external target spray nozzle and domestic pre-membrane type nozzle, and other some nozzles, the atomizing average grain diameter of these nozzles is many at 60-80 μ m.Owing to need great vapour (gas) liquid two-phase speed difference, reach the purpose of tearing with broken liquid, so must adopt great admission (gas) speed, have in addition met or exceeded velocity of sound, energy consumption is bigger, and can produce pulsation.If do not reach this speed, nozzle just is difficult to operate as normal, and atomizing effect sharply worsens, and operating flexibility also is affected.These nozzles also are difficult to produce the spraying jet of the required flat fan of Catalytic processes.
After entering the nineties, external oil company has strengthened the research dynamics for feed nozzle, Mobil and Kellog company began to cooperate to carry out the development and research of novel atomizing feed nozzle in nineteen ninety, developed a kind of novel feed nozzle Atomax in 1994; Uop Inc. develops a kind of new type nozzle OPtimix in nineteen ninety-five; These nozzles have adopted different separately distribution of steam structures and different spout forms at its hybrid chamber, and its atomizing average grain diameter is about 60 μ m; Shell company developed a kind of novel feed nozzle in 1998, and applied for patent of invention 98192423.3 in China, this nozzle is a kind of feed nozzle of exterior mixing, and steam mixes at the spout place with feedstock oil in this nozzle, utilizes the high speed drive feedstock oil of steam to spray from spout; Above-mentioned nozzle can produce the spraying jet of the required flat fan of Catalytic processes, is called the novel atomized feed nozzle of the third generation.
Task of the present invention, provide a kind of evenly tiny drop that can form very, thereby fully contact with catalyst, under the temperature in riser, feedstock oil gasifies rapidly, cracking reaction is carried out at gaseous state, can improve liquid hydrocarbon (gasoline, diesel oil) productive rate, reduce green coke, the spraying jet that nozzle is produced has certain initial velocity, can certain penetration power be arranged in that the dense-phase flow of the catalyst of riser feed zone is moving, can make spraying jet reach the riser middle part, spraying jet has the shape of flat covering of the fan, there is good covering in the riser cross section, reduces back-mixing, and the speed of spraying jet can weaken rapidly, be unlikely to be mapped to the riser tube wall on nozzle opposite, cause the atomizing feed nozzle of the catalytic cracking unit of the coking in the riser.
Task of the present utility model is achieved in that
The utility model comprises steam inlet 1, feedstock oil inlet 2, distribution of steam hole 4, steam distributor 5, outer tube 6, annular space hybrid chamber 7, hybrid chamber front end 8, shower nozzle 9, spout 10, there is steam inlet 1 one end of outer tube 6, feedstock oil inlet 2 is arranged on the outer tube 6, outer tube 6 other ends have shower nozzle 9, the front end of shower nozzle 9 has spout 10, steam distributor 5 is arranged in the outer tube 6, annular space hybrid chamber 7 and hybrid chamber front end 8 are arranged between outer tube 6 and the steam distributor 5, distribution of steam hole 4 is arranged on the steam distributor 5.
The utility model also adopts following embodiment:
The front end of steam distributor 5 can be plate shaped, also can be spherical, and it has constituted the core pipe of atomizer, has 1～30 uniform row distribution of steam hole 4 on it.
Distribution of steam hole 4 on steam distributor 5 ends also can be 1～30 circle.
On the whole pipe section of steam distributor 5, have 1～90 row along the equally distributed distribution of steam of circumference hole 4.
Distribution of steam hole 4 also can be scattered along being uniform on the length direction of steam distributor 5.
The diameter in distribution of steam hole 4 is at 1～10mm.
The ratio that the area sum in distribution of steam hole 4 and the core tube section of steam distributor 5 amass is between 0.1～5.
The core pipe diameter of steam distributor 5 and outer tube 6 diameter ratios are between 0.2～0.95.
Distance between the front portion of steam distributor 5 and the spout 10 is between 0.1～20 times of outer tube 6 diameters.
The number row distribution of steam hole 4 of steam distributor 5 front portions can be corresponding with spout 10.
Shower nozzle 9 can be spherical, can also be elliposoidal.
Spout 10 can be one, also can be more than one.
The shape of spout 10 is long and narrow.
The scope of the angle of flare α of spout 10 is at 10 °～180 °, and the width δ of spout 10 is between 2～20mm.
Each spout 10 can be arranged in parallel, also can be angle beta and arrange, the scope of β between 0 °～45 °, between each spout 10 apart from B between 3～50mm.
The bisector of 10 angles of each spout and the angle ￠ of nozzle-axis are between 0 °～± 60 °.
Angle γ between feedstock oil inlet 2 and the outer tube 6 is between 10 °～90 °.
The new type nozzle that the utility model provides is a kind of atomizer based on the internal-mixing atomizing principles, has special gas distributor in its hybrid chamber inside, by this gas distributor, gas, liquid two-phase in hybrid chamber with mode preferably contact, fragmentation, can reasonably utilize the energy of atomizing steam, steam needn't have very big speed, when passing through the distributor of this particular design, steam produces very little pressure drop, just can form even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow in that the nozzle hybrid chamber is inner, vapour phase is present among the liquid phase with the form of minute bubbles; The even and fine biphase gas and liquid flow that in hybrid chamber, forms; Ejection section at nozzle has one or several long and narrow spouts.Quicken ejection by spout, gas-liquid two-phase produces very large shearing in very little zone, makes drop more tiny; Simultaneously because the pressure release behind the ejection spout, bubble volume expands rapidly (explosion) in vapour-liquid (gas-liquid) two phase flow, further refinement the particle diameter of drop.And this nozzle operates steadily, and can not produce pulsation.
Because nozzle configuration is a pancake, can form the plane fan spray, can cover whole riser cross section: simultaneously, catalyst can once pass through stratiform mist of oil jet, can not form very thick oil reservoir at catalyst surface too greatly, influence product selectivity owing to stroke by the mist of oil district.The shape of the spraying jet that therefore this nozzle produces also satisfies the requirement of catalytic cracking process.
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the flat shape of the utility model steam distributor 5 end faces;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the utility model steam distributor 5 end face spheries;
Fig. 4 is the Pareto diagram in the utility model distribution of steam hole 4;
Fig. 5 is the utility model distribution of steam hole 4 cast Pareto diagrams;
Fig. 6 is the utility model spout 10 angle of flare α schematic diagrames;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the utility model spout 10 angle ￠;
Fig. 8 is bright spout 10 angle betas of utility model, apart from the schematic diagram of B, width δ.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is described further:
As shown in Figure 1, comprise steam inlet 1, feedstock oil inlet 2, distribution of steam hole 4, steam distributor 5, outer tube 6, annular space hybrid chamber 7, hybrid chamber front end 8, shower nozzle 9, spout 10, there is steam inlet 1 one end of outer tube 6, feedstock oil inlet 2 is arranged on the outer tube 6, outer tube 6 other ends have shower nozzle 9, the front end of shower nozzle 9 has spout 10, steam distributor 5 is arranged in the outer tube 6, annular space hybrid chamber 7 and hybrid chamber front end 8 are arranged between outer tube 6 and the steam distributor 5, distribution of steam hole 4 is arranged on the steam distributor 5.
Steam distributor 5 is as Fig. 2, shown in 3, partly have 1～30 circle (row) uniform distribution of steam hole 4 near anterior pipe, its front portion can be plate shaped, also can be spherical, it has constituted the core pipe of atomizer, have equally distributed hole 4 at plate shaped or spherical head, its front end also can be a hollow pipe, on the whole pipe section of the steam distributor 5 of core tube type, have 1～90 row along the equally distributed distribution of steam of circumference hole 4, these holes 4 upwards can be uniform along the core tube side of steam distributor 5, it also can be uneven distribution, the diameter in hole 4 is at 1～10mm, all the ratio of the sectional area of the area sum in distribution of steam hole 4 and steam distributor 5 core pipes 3 is between 0.1～5, the diameter ratio of the diameter of core pipe 3 and outer tube 6 is between 0.2～0.95, and the distance between the front portion of steam distributor 5 and the spout 10 is between 0.1～20 times of outer tube 6 diameters, and the number row distribution of steam hole 4 of steam distributor 5 front portions also can be corresponding with spout 10.
The length of nozzle or the length of outer tube are decided according to on-the-spot needs, and the diameter of outer tube is relevant with the treating capacity of nozzle, and the principle of design is that the flow velocity of feedstock oil remains between the 0.1-9 meter per second in the annular space.
As Fig. 6～shown in Figure 8, the shower nozzle 9 of novel atomized feed nozzle and spout 10, its shower nozzle 9 can be sphere or elliposoidal, has one or several long and narrow spouts 10 at its front end.Each spout can be arranged in parallel, and can not parallelly arrange, but is certain angle beta each other when above when spout 10 is two, and the scope of β is between 0 °～45 °, and then depending on the needs apart from B between each spout 10 is between 3～50mm; The excursion of the angle of flare α of spout 10 is between 10 °～180 °; The width δ of spout 10 is between 2～20mm; The entire arrangement of each spout 10 and nozzle-axis can asymmetricly distribute, and promptly the angle ￠ of the bisector of 10 angles of each spout and nozzle-axis is between 0 °～± 60 °.
Distance between the front portion of steam distributor 5 and the spout 10 is between 0.1～5 times of outer tube 6 diameter.The diameter of feedstock oil inlet 2 should make the flow velocity of feedstock oil in it be lower than 10 meter per seconds, and the angle γ between feedstock oil inlet 2 and the outer tube 6 is between 10 °～90 °.
Feedstock oil is by feedstock oil inlet 2 annular space 7, the hybrid chamber front ends 8 that enter in the nozzle, and flows to the direction of shower nozzle 9; Atomizing steam enters the steam distributor 5 that is positioned at the center by steam inlet 1, and outwards spray along the equally distributed distribution of steam of circumference hole 4 by many places on the core tube type steam distributor 5, spray in the feedstock oil evenly, continuously, reposefully, mix equably with feedstock oil.Because hole 4 evenly distributes on the core pipe circumference of steam distributor 5, and be positioned at feedstock oil must through the position, naturally the steam institute that is ejected when feedstock oil is flowed through these positions is broken, the direction of motion of the steam by hole 4 ejection is vertical substantially with the direction of motion of feedstock oil, form bigger relative velocity, feedstock oil is cut, is broken into very little drop, and because application point is many, contact area is big, make steam and feedstock oil in hybrid chamber 7, form even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow, thereby finished the atomizing of phase I.After this, the even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow in the hybrid chamber 7 moves to shower nozzle 9 places, by spout 10 ejection at a high speed, takes place to collide tempestuously, shear with surrounding medium, and liquid mist is changed into tiny drop, finishes secondary-atomizing; Simultaneously, owing to reduce suddenly from spout 10 ejection back pressure, the unexpected explosion of the bubble volume in the even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow (expansion) further is broken into very tiny drop with drop, thereby finishes whole atomization process.
By above-mentioned process as can be seen, owing to the particular design of nozzle hybrid chamber, can make full use of the energy of steam, under the very little situation of pressure drop, just can in hybrid chamber, form the even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow that distributes very evenly, make atomized drop tiny evenly, and do not have big drop.And by the particular design of spout, utilized the effervescent atomization principle that drop has been carried out further atomizing, simultaneously can form difform spraying jet,, magnesium shape fan-shaped, taper etc. as the plane.
The catalytic cracking riser specification requirement can form the spraying jet of flat fan, to carry out the whole riser of lid cross section, feedstock oil is contacted fast and fully with catalyst; Require atomized drop that less average grain diameter and narrow distribution are arranged simultaneously, to improve the selectivity of product.The semicircle spout of the multilayer that the present invention proposes can generate required flat fan spraying jet, and spread angle of jet can regulate as required, can satisfy the requirement of riser technology to spray shapes fully.Combine with custom-designed spout by special distributor, just can produce and have fine drop, the satisfactory spraying jet of shape.
By the test of application Malvern laser particle analyzer, under the commercial scale flow (30 tons/time), the nozzle that the present invention proposes can be that the liquid mist of 5 centipoises changes into the fine drop that the SMD particle diameter is 50um with viscosity.And be 60-80um at the atomized drop SMD of the industrial various nozzles that using particle diameter at present.
There is certain requirement the shape of spout and position, form the spraying jet of the shape that requires, and the shape of corresponding spout is arranged, and simultaneously, the area of spout and hybrid chamber and treating capacity have certain matching relationship, to reach critical spray pattern.Even treating capacity is identical, when nozzle configuration changed, the matching relationship of its area and treating capacity also will change.In order to guarantee long-term operation, nozzle surface and spout place will make Wear-resistant Treatment.
When adopting the flat spout of many rows, they can be arranged in parallel, and also can not parallelly arrange.In an embodiment, between two row's spouts certain included angle is arranged.The parallel liquid mist of adjacent two spouts ejection, two rows that is arranged in parallel, because relative velocity is little between two discharge opeing mists, the liquid mist accumulates big drop easily, thereby influences atomizing effect.And having the advantage of certain angle to be between each spout: the liquid mist of adjacent two row's spout ejections is separated from each other at an angle and travels forward, can not become big drop because of compiling to condense, drop can further be atomized, after the good atomizing of a segment distance drop, because adjacent two discharge opeing mists are outwards motion respectively, pressure is relatively low between the two discharge opeing mists, under the higher relatively pressure effect outside the two discharge opeing mists, each discharge opeing mist still is combined into a discharge opeing mist, is the flat fan-shaped spraying jet of fan.Each angle of arranging between the spout is 0 °～30 °.
The angle of flare of spraying jet can design as required, to adjust the angle of coverage of spraying jet.
This atomized feed nozzle has good atomizing effect, and is applicable to the liquid that viscosity is bigger, as heavy oil or residual oil.This atomized feed nozzle has good operating flexibility, and its treating capacity can change between 70%-130%.This nozzle is to be used for refinery catalytic cracking unit.
Claims (17)
1. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit, comprise steam inlet (1), feedstock oil inlet (2), distribution of steam hole (4), steam distributor (5), outer tube (6), annular space hybrid chamber (7), hybrid chamber front end (8), shower nozzle (9), spout (10), one end of outer tube (6) has steam inlet (1), feedstock oil inlet (2) is arranged on the outer tube (6), it is characterized in that: outer tube (6) other end has shower nozzle (9), the front end of shower nozzle (9) has spout (10), steam distributor (5) is arranged in the outer tube (6), annular space hybrid chamber (7) and hybrid chamber front end (8) are arranged between outer tube (6) and the steam distributor (5), distribution of steam hole (4) is arranged on the steam distributor (5).
2. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the front end of steam distributor (5) can be plate shaped, also can be spherical, it have constituted the core pipe of atomizer, has 1～30 uniform row distribution of steam hole (4) on it.
3. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the distribution of steam hole (4) on steam distributor (5) end also can be 1～30 circle.
4. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the whole pipe section of steam distributor (5), have 1～90 row along the equally distributed distribution of steam of circumference hole (4).
5. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: distribution of steam hole (4) also can scatter along being uniform on the length direction of steam distributor (5).
6. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diameter of distribution of steam hole (4) is at 1～10mm.
7. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the long-pending ratio of the area sum of distribution of steam hole (4) and steam distributor (5) core tube section is between 0.1～5.
8. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: steam distributor (5) core pipe diameter and outer tube (6) diameter ratio are between 0.2～0.95.
9. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the distance between the front portion of steam distributor (5) and the spout (10) is between 0.1～20 times of outer tube (6) diameter.
10. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the anterior number row distribution of steam holes (4) of steam distributor (5) can be corresponding with spout (10).
11. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: shower nozzle (9) can be spherical, can also be elliposoidal.
12. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: spout (10) can be one, also can be more than one.
13. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the shape of spout (10) is long and narrow.
14. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the scope of the angle of flare α of spout (10) is at 10 °～180 °, and the width δ of spout (10) is between 2～20mm.
15. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each spout (10) can be arranged in parallel, also can be angle beta and arrange, the scope of β between 0 °～45 °, between each spout (10) apart from B between 3～50mm.
16. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the angle ￠ of the bisector of angle and nozzle-axis is between 0 °～± 60 ° between each spout (10).
17. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the angle γ between feedstock oil inlet (2) and the outer tube (6) is between 10 °～90 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00238300 CN2439330Y (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2000-07-07 | Nozzle for atomizing feed of catalytic cracker |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00238300 CN2439330Y (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2000-07-07 | Nozzle for atomizing feed of catalytic cracker |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2439330Y true CN2439330Y (en) | 2001-07-18 |
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ID=33599383
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00238300 Expired - Fee Related CN2439330Y (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2000-07-07 | Nozzle for atomizing feed of catalytic cracker |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2439330Y (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102658042A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-09-12 | 华东理工大学 | Low dropout flow guiding nozzle type mixing device for preparing styrene by ethylbenzene dehydrogenation |
| CN103861545A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-18 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Liquid acid alkylation reactor and method |
| CN110479514A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-22 | 合肥中科力一科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for being atomized the two fluid ejecting device of guide rod type of instrument |
-
2000
- 2000-07-07 CN CN 00238300 patent/CN2439330Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102658042A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-09-12 | 华东理工大学 | Low dropout flow guiding nozzle type mixing device for preparing styrene by ethylbenzene dehydrogenation |
| CN102658042B (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2014-05-07 | 华东理工大学 | Low dropout flow guiding nozzle type mixing device for preparing styrene by ethylbenzene dehydrogenation |
| CN103861545A (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-18 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Liquid acid alkylation reactor and method |
| CN110479514A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-22 | 合肥中科力一科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for being atomized the two fluid ejecting device of guide rod type of instrument |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |