CN1122098C - Atomizing nozzle for feeding raw material in catalytic cracking - Google Patents
Atomizing nozzle for feeding raw material in catalytic cracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN1122098C CN1122098C CN 00109776 CN00109776A CN1122098C CN 1122098 C CN1122098 C CN 1122098C CN 00109776 CN00109776 CN 00109776 CN 00109776 A CN00109776 A CN 00109776A CN 1122098 C CN1122098 C CN 1122098C
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- steam
- spout
- catalytic cracking
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- cracking unit
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a feeding and atomizing nozzle for catalytic cracking devices for oil refineries, which is composed of steam distributing holes 4, a steam distributor 5, a spout 10, etc. In the present invention, one end of an outer pipe 6 is provided with a spray head 9; the front end of the spray head 9 is provided with a spout 10; the inner part of the outer pipe is provided with the steam distributor 5 which is provided with steam distributing holes 4. The present invention can form very uniform and exiguous liquid drops for having sufficient contact with catalyst and causing cracking reaction to be carried out in gaseous state under the temperature in a lifting pipe; the present invention can enhance the yield of light oil, reduce raw coke, can have definite penetrating power in dense phase flow of catalyst in the feeding section of the lifting pipe and can cause spraying jet to reach the middle part of the lifting pipe. The spraying jet is of a flat sector shape, has favorable cover to the cross section of the lifting pipe and can reduce backmixing.
Description
Relate to the field
The present invention relates to a kind of atomizing feed nozzle that is used for refinery catalytic cracking unit.
Background technology
The task of atomizing feed nozzle is that stock oil of catalytic cracking unit (heavy oil or residual oil or its mixture) and mouthful oil refining are atomized into tiny drop and spray into riser tube, under the temperature in riser tube, stock oil gasifies and under catalyst action cracking reaction takes place, pass through tripping device then, the separation of carrying out oil gas, agent enters next procedure.
General atomizing feed nozzle all is made of hybrid chamber and ejection section.In hybrid chamber, the liquid that is atomized and the steam of assisted atomization meet, and shear mutually and tear, and form the two phase flow of mutual blending, and this then two phase flow is by the spout ejection of ejection section.These nozzles substantially all are to utilize fluid dynamic flow stability theory, in hybrid chamber, produce big as far as possible vapour (gas) liquid two-phase velocity contrast, reach the purpose of tearing with broken liquid, but its effect often is not very desirable, reason is the nozzle based on this principle, can not reasonably utilize the energy of atomizing steam.
The atomizing nozzle that uses in early days is the wikipedia type nozzle both at home and abroad, steam directly sprays in the liquid of nozzle hybrid chamber by a pipe, liquid is torn in shearing together by steam and liquid, spout is general circular efflux nozzle, atomizing effect is relatively poor, can not produce simultaneously the spraying jet of the required flat fan of Catalytic processes, the atomizing median size is many at 80-100 μ m, is called first-generation feed nozzle.
After improving, produced s-generation feed nozzle, as external target spray nozzle and domestic pre-membrane type nozzle, and other some nozzles, the atomizing median size of these nozzles is many at 60-80 μ m.Owing to need great vapour (gas) liquid two-phase velocity contrast, reach the purpose of tearing with broken liquid, so must adopt great admission (gas) speed, have in addition met or exceeded velocity of sound, energy consumption is bigger, and can produce pulsation.If do not reach this speed, nozzle just is difficult to works better, the atomizing effect rapid deterioration, and turndown ratio also is affected.These nozzles also are difficult to produce the spraying jet of the required flat fan of Catalytic processes.
After entering the nineties, external oil company has strengthened the research dynamics for feed nozzle, Mobil and Kellog company began to cooperate to carry out the development and research of novel atomizing feed nozzle in nineteen ninety, developed a kind of novel feed nozzle Atomax in 1994; Uop Inc. develops a kind of new type nozzle OPtimix in nineteen ninety-five; These nozzles have adopted different separately steam distribution structures and different spout forms at its hybrid chamber, and its atomizing median size is about 60 μ m; Shell company developed a kind of novel feed nozzle in 1998, and applied for patent of invention 98192423.3 in China, this nozzle is a kind of feed nozzle of exterior mixing, and steam mixes at the spout place with stock oil in this nozzle, utilizes the high speed drive stock oil of steam to spray from spout; Above-mentioned nozzle can produce the spraying jet of the required flat fan of Catalytic processes, is called the novel atomized feed nozzle of the third generation.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention, provide a kind of evenly tiny drop that can form very, thereby fully contact with catalyzer, under the temperature in riser tube, stock oil gasifies rapidly, cracking reaction is carried out at gaseous state, can improve lightweight oil (gasoline, diesel oil) productive rate, reduce green coke, the spraying jet that nozzle is produced has certain initial velocity, can certain penetration power be arranged in that the dense-phase flow of the catalyzer of riser tube feed zone is moving, can make spraying jet reach the riser tube middle part, spraying jet has the shape of flat covering of the fan, there is good covering in the riser tube cross section, reduces back-mixing, and the speed of spraying jet can weaken rapidly, be unlikely to be mapped to the riser tube tube wall on nozzle opposite, cause the atomizing feed nozzle of the catalytic cracking unit of the coking in the riser tube.
Task of the present invention is achieved in that
The present invention includes steam-in 1, stock oil inlet 2, steam distribution hole 4, steam distributor 5, outer tube 6, annular space hybrid chamber 7, hybrid chamber front end 8, shower nozzle 9, spout 10, there is steam-in 1 one end of outer tube 6, stock oil inlet 2 is arranged on the outer tube 6, outer tube 6 the other ends have shower nozzle 9, the front end of shower nozzle 9 has spout 10, steam distributor 5 is arranged in the outer tube 6, annular space hybrid chamber 7 and hybrid chamber front end 8 are arranged between outer tube 6 and the steam distributor 5, steam distribution hole 4 is arranged on the steam distributor 5.
The present invention also adopts following embodiment:
The front end of steam distributor 5 can be plate shaped, also can be spheric, and it has constituted the core pipe of atomizing nozzle, has 1～30 uniform row steam distribution hole 4 on it.
On the whole pipe section of steam distributor 5, have 1～90 row along the equally distributed steam distribution of circumference hole 4.
The diameter in steam distribution hole 4 is at 1～10mm.
The ratio that the area sum in steam distribution hole 4 and the core tube section of steam distributor 5 amass is between 0.1～5.
The core pipe diameter of steam distributor 5 and outer tube 6 diameter ratios are between 0.2～0.95.
Distance between the front portion of steam distributor 5 and the spout 10 is between 0.1～20 times of outer tube 6 diameters.
Steam distributor 5 forward numbers row steam distribution hole 4 can be corresponding with spout 10.
The shape of spout 10 is long and narrow.
The scope of the spread angle α of spout 10 is at 10 °～180 °, and the width δ of spout 10 is between 2～20mm.
Each spout 10 can be arranged in parallel, also can be angle beta and arrange, the scope of β between 0 °～45 °, between each spout 10 apart from B between 3～50mm.
The bisector of 10 angles of each spout and the angle ￠ of nozzle axis are between 0 °～± 60 °.
Angle γ between stock oil inlet 2 and the outer tube 6 is between 10 °～90 °.
New type nozzle provided by the invention is a kind of atomizing nozzle based on the internal-mixing atomizing principles, has special gas distributor in its hybrid chamber inside, by this gas distributor, gas, liquid two-phase in hybrid chamber with mode preferably contact, fragmentation, can reasonably utilize the energy of atomizing steam, steam needn't have very big speed, when passing through the sparger of this particular design, steam produces very little pressure drop, just can form even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow in that the nozzle hybrid chamber is inner, vapour phase is present among the liquid phase with the form of small bubbles; The even and fine biphase gas and liquid flow that in hybrid chamber, forms; Ejection section at nozzle has one or several long and narrow spouts.Quicken ejection by spout, gas-liquid two-phase produces very large shearing in very little zone, makes drop more tiny; Simultaneously because the pressure release of ejection after spray back, the interior bubble volume of vapour-liquid (gas-liquid) two phase flow expands rapidly (explosion), further refinement the particle diameter of drop.And this nozzle operates steadily, and can not produce pulsation.
Because nozzle configuration is a flat-section, can form the plane fan spray, can cover whole riser tube cross section: simultaneously, catalyzer can once pass through the mist of oil jet, can not form very thick oil reservoir at catalyst surface too greatly, influence product selectivity owing to stroke by the mist of oil district.The shape of the spraying jet that therefore this nozzle produces also satisfies the requirement of catalytic cracking process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the flat shape of steam distributor 5 end faces of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is steam distributor 5 end face spheric structural representations of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the Pareto diagram in steam distribution of the present invention hole 4;
Fig. 5 is steam distribution of the present invention hole 4 cast Pareto diagrams;
Fig. 6 is spout 10 spread angle α synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of spout 10 angle ￠ of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is spout 10 angle betas of the present invention, apart from the synoptic diagram of B, width δ.
Concrete enforcement
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, comprise steam-in 1, stock oil inlet 2, steam distribution hole 4, steam distributor 5, outer tube 6, annular space hybrid chamber 7, hybrid chamber front end 8, shower nozzle 9, spout 10, there is steam-in 1 one end of outer tube 6, stock oil inlet 2 is arranged on the outer tube 6, outer tube 6 the other ends have shower nozzle 9, the front end of shower nozzle 9 has spout 10, steam distributor 5 is arranged in the outer tube 6, annular space hybrid chamber 7 and hybrid chamber front end 8 are arranged between outer tube 6 and the steam distributor 5, steam distribution hole 4 is arranged on the steam distributor 5.
Steam distributor 5 is as Fig. 2, shown in 3, partly have 1～30 circle uniform steam distribution hole 4, (row) hole near the forward pipe, its front portion can be plate shaped, it also can be spheric, it has constituted the core pipe of atomizing nozzle, have equally distributed hole 4 at plate shaped or spheric head, its front end also can be an open tube, on the whole pipe section of the steam distributor 5 of core tube type, have 1～90 row along the equally distributed steam distribution of circumference hole 4, these holes 4 upwards can be uniform along the core tube side of steam distributor 5, it also can be uneven distribution, the diameter in hole 4 is at 1～10mm, all the ratio of the sectional area of the area sum in steam distribution hole 4 and steam distributor 5 core pipes 3 is between 0.1～5, the diameter ratio of the diameter of core pipe 3 and outer tube 6 is between 0.2～0.95, and the distance between the front portion of steam distributor 5 and the spout 10 is between 0.1～20 times of outer tube 6 diameters, and steam distributor 5 forward numbers row steam distribution hole 4 also can be corresponding with spout 10.
The length of nozzle or the length of outer tube are decided according to on-the-spot needs, and the diameter of outer tube is relevant with the treatment capacity of nozzle, and the principle of design is that the flow velocity of stock oil remains between the 0.1-9 meter per second in the annular space.
As Fig. 6～shown in Figure 8, the shower nozzle 9 of novel atomized feed nozzle and spout 10, its shower nozzle 9 can be sphere or elliposoidal, has one or several long and narrow spouts 10 at its front end.Each spout can be arranged in parallel, and can not parallelly arrange, but is certain angle beta each other when above when spout 10 is two, and the scope of β is between 0 °～45 °, and then depending on the needs apart from B between each spout 10 is between 3～50mm; The variation range of the spread angle α of spout 10 is between 10 °～180 °; The width δ of spout 10 is between 2～20mm; The entire arrangement of each spout 10 and nozzle axis can asymmetricly distribute, and promptly the angle ￠ of the bisector of 10 angles of each spout and nozzle axis is between 0 °～± 60 °.
Distance between the front portion of steam distributor 5 and the spout 10 is between 0.1～5 times of outer tube 6 diameter.The diameter of stock oil inlet 2 should make the flow velocity of stock oil in it be lower than 10 meter per seconds, and the angle γ between stock oil inlet 2 and the outer tube 6 is between 10 °～90 °.
Stock oil is by stock oil inlet 2 annular space 7, the hybrid chamber front ends 8 that advance in people's nozzle, and flows to the direction of shower nozzle 9; Atomizing steam enters the steam distributor 5 that is positioned at the center by steam-in 1, and outwards spray along the equally distributed steam distribution of circumference hole 4 by many places on the core tube type steam distributor 5, spray in the stock oil evenly, continuously, reposefully, mix equably with stock oil.Because hole 4 uniform distribution on the core pipe circumference of steam distributor 5, and be positioned at stock oil must through the position, naturally the steam institute that is ejected when stock oil is flowed through these positions is broken, the direction of motion of the steam by hole 4 ejection is vertical substantially with the direction of motion of stock oil, form bigger speed of relative movement, stock oil is cut, is broken into very little drop, and because point of application is many, contact area is big, make steam and stock oil in hybrid chamber 7, form even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow, thereby finished the atomizing of fs.After this, the even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow in the hybrid chamber 7 moves to shower nozzle 9 places, by spout 10 ejection at a high speed, takes place to collide tempestuously, shear with surrounding medium, and liquid mist is changed into tiny drop, finishes secondary-atomizing; Simultaneously, owing to reduce suddenly from spout 10 ejection back pressure, the unexpected explosion of the bubble volume in the even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow (expansion) further is broken into very tiny drop with drop, thereby finishes whole atomization process.
By above-mentioned process as can be seen, owing to the particular design of nozzle hybrid chamber, can make full use of the energy of steam, under the very little situation of pressure drop, just can in hybrid chamber, form the even and fine stream-liquid two-phase flow that distributes very evenly, make atomizing droplet tiny evenly, and do not have big drop.And by the particular design of spout, utilized the effervescent atomization principle that drop has been carried out further atomizing, simultaneously can form difform spraying jet,, magnesium shape fan-shaped, taper etc. as the plane.
The catalytic cracking riser technical requirements can form the spraying jet of flat fan, to cover whole riser tube cross section, stock oil is contacted fast and fully with catalyzer; Require atomizing droplet that less median size and narrow distribution are arranged simultaneously, to improve the selectivity of product.The semicircle spout of the multilayer that the present invention proposes can generate required flat fan spraying jet, and spread angle of jet can regulate as required, can satisfy the requirement of riser tube technology to spray shapes fully.Combine with custom-designed spout by special sparger, just can produce and have fine drop, the satisfactory spraying jet of shape.
By the test of application Malvern laser particle analyzer, under the technical scale flow (30 tons/time), the nozzle that the present invention proposes can be that the liquid mist of 5 centipoises changes into the fine drop that the SMD particle diameter is 50um with viscosity.And be 60-80um at the atomizing droplet SMD of the industrial various nozzles that using particle diameter at present.
There is certain requirement the shape of spout and position, form the spraying jet of the shape that requires, and the shape of corresponding spout is arranged, and simultaneously, the area of spout and hybrid chamber and treatment capacity have certain matching relationship, to reach critical atomizing state.Even treatment capacity is identical, when nozzle configuration changed, the matching relationship of its area and treatment capacity also will change.In order to guarantee long-term operation, nozzle surface and spout place will make Wear-resistant Treatment.
When adopting the flat spout of many rows, they can be arranged in parallel, and also can not parallelly arrange.In an embodiment, between two row's spouts certain included angle is arranged.The parallel liquid mist of adjacent two spouts ejection, two rows that is arranged in parallel, because speed of relative movement is little between two discharge opeing mists, the liquid mist accumulates big drop easily, thereby influences atomizing effect.And having the advantage of certain angle to be between each spout: the liquid mist of adjacent two row's spout ejections is separated from each other at an angle and travels forward, can not become big drop because of compiling to condense, drop can further be atomized, after the good atomizing of a segment distance drop, because adjacent two discharge opeing mists are outwards motion respectively, pressure is relatively low between the two discharge opeing mists, under the higher relatively pressure effect outside the two discharge opeing mists, each discharge opeing mist still is combined into a discharge opeing mist, is the flat segmental spraying jet of fan.Each angle of arranging between the spout is 0 °～30 °.
The spread angle of spraying jet can design as required, to adjust the angle of coverage of spraying jet.
This atomized feed nozzle has good atomizing effect, and is applicable to the liquid that viscosity is bigger, as heavy oil or residual oil.This atomized feed nozzle has good turndown ratio, and its treatment capacity can change between 70%-130%.This nozzle is to be used for refinery catalytic cracking unit.
Claims (17)
1. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit, comprise steam-in (1), stock oil inlet (2), steam distribution hole (4), steam distributor (5), outer tube (6), annular space hybrid chamber (7), hybrid chamber front end (8), shower nozzle (9), spout (10), one end of outer tube (6) has steam-in (1), stock oil inlet (2) is arranged on the outer tube (6), it is characterized in that: outer tube (6) the other end has shower nozzle (9), the front end of shower nozzle (9) has spout (10), steam distributor (5) is arranged in the outer tube (6), annular space hybrid chamber (7) and hybrid chamber front end (8) are arranged between outer tube (6) and the steam distributor (5), steam distribution hole (4) is arranged on the steam distributor (5).
2. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the front end of steam distributor (5) can be plate shaped, also can be spheric, it have constituted the core pipe of atomizing nozzle, has 1～30 uniform row steam distribution hole (4) on it.
3. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the steam distribution hole (4) on steam distributor (5) end also can be 1～30 circle hole.
4. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the whole pipe section of steam distributor (5), have 1～90 row along the equally distributed steam distribution of circumference hole (4).
5. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: steam distribution hole (4) also can scatter along being uniform on the length direction of steam distributor (5).
6. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diameter of steam distribution hole (4) is at 1～10mm.
7. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the long-pending ratio of the area sum of steam distribution hole (4) and steam distributor (5) core tube section is between 0.1～5.
8. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: steam distributor (5) core pipe diameter and outer tube (6) diameter ratio are between 0.2～0.95.
9. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the distance between the front portion of steam distributor (5) and the spout (10) is between 0.1～20 times of outer tube (6) diameter.
10. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 2 is characterized in that: steam distributor (5) forward number row steam distribution hole (4) can be corresponding with spout (10).
11. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: shower nozzle (9) can be a spheric, can also be elliposoidal.
12. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: spout (10) can be one, also can be more than one.
13. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the shape of spout (10) is long and narrow.
14. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the scope of the spread angle α of spout (10) is at 10 °～180 °, and the width δ of spout (10) is between 2～20mm.
15. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each spout (10) can be arranged in parallel, also can be angle beta and arrange, the scope of β between 0 °～45 °, between each spout (10) apart from B between 3～50mm.
16. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the angle ￠ of the bisector of angle and nozzle axis is between 0 °～± 60 ° between each spout (10).
17. the atomizing feed nozzle of catalytic cracking unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the angle γ between stock oil inlet (2) and the outer tube (6) is between 10 °～90 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00109776 CN1122098C (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2000-07-07 | Atomizing nozzle for feeding raw material in catalytic cracking |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00109776 CN1122098C (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2000-07-07 | Atomizing nozzle for feeding raw material in catalytic cracking |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1282777A CN1282777A (en) | 2001-02-07 |
| CN1122098C true CN1122098C (en) | 2003-09-24 |
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ID=4579858
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00109776 Expired - Fee Related CN1122098C (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2000-07-07 | Atomizing nozzle for feeding raw material in catalytic cracking |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1122098C (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101920186B (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2012-10-31 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | High treatment capacity feed atomizing nozzle |
| CN102229812A (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2011-11-02 | 江苏焱普能源科技有限公司 | Feeding spray nozzle of catalytic cracking device |
| CN103160309A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-06-19 | 洛阳瑞泽石化工程有限公司 | Feeding nozzle for catalytic cracking test unit |
| CN104293372B (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-13 | 洛阳帝博石化装备有限公司 | Heavy-oil catalytic atomizing nozzle |
| CN108607753B (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2021-01-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Nozzle device, catalytic cracking system and nozzle dredging method |
| CN106675617B (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-11-09 | 山东京博石油化工有限公司 | A kind of feed nozzle of catalytic cracking |
| CN110961050A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-04-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Atomizing nozzle for lifting pipe of catalytic cracking device |
-
2000
- 2000-07-07 CN CN 00109776 patent/CN1122098C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1282777A (en) | 2001-02-07 |
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Granted publication date: 20030924 Termination date: 20160707 |