CN2355001Y

CN2355001Y - Self balanced energy saving excavator

Info

Publication number: CN2355001Y
Application number: CN 98204191
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘国民; 黄海东
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-05-08
Filing date: 1998-05-08
Publication date: 1999-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2008-05-08

Abstract

The utility model discloses a self-balanced energy saving excavator which belongs to the field of a machine. One part of a counterweight is a fixed counterweight and is fixed to the tail part of a movable arm, and the other part is a movable counterweight which is arranged at the rear of the movable arm and can swing relative to the movable arm. A bucket rod cylinder is hinged between the movable arm and the movable counterweight. A movable arm cylinder is arranged at the rear. A hoisting unit is arranged on a rotating platform. A steel cable is arranged between a bucket rod and the hoisting unit. A rope (rod) is arranged between the bucket rod and the movable counterweight. The utility model keeps the mass center of a whole work device fixed at the time of disassembly, does not generate additional tilting moment, does not consume engine power for lifting and has the characteristics of self balance and energy saving.

Description

The energy-saving excavator of self-balancing

The utility model belongs to mechanical field.

Excavator is various civil constructions, mine development, one of most popular machinery in the channel cleanout.Existing common excavator is made up of parts such as chassis, revolving dial, counterweight, swing arm, boom cylinder, dipper, bucket arm cylinder, scraper bowl, bucket cylinder, rocking arm, connecting rods.The barycenter of this equipment is positioned at pin joint the place ahead of swing arm and revolving dial all the time, and its counterweight adopts fixed form to be installed on the revolving dial at swing arm rear.When swing arm or dipper moved in the operation plane, the barycenter of this equipment was constantly to change.Along with the increasing of operating radius, during unloading, self will produce sizable tilting moment common digger operating device, reduce complete machine stability.In addition, once occurred exchanging the type of big operating radius for by sacrificing dipper capacity, this method is the cost height not only, even bucket capacity is littler, when unloading radius greatly to a certain degree the time excavator also will tumble forward, unless reluctantly increase counterweight.For common excavator, reduce to the gravitional force that equipment is had when excavating the position from unloading position and be converted to heat energy, hydraulic fluid temperature is raise, by cooling system heat energy is dissipated again by hydraulic system, this is not only a kind of energy dissipation, but also has shortened the life-span of hydraulic oil.

Britain Prestan company has released a kind of novel excavator the end of the eighties, this type and aforesaid common excavator have 2 important difference: the one, counterweight is arranged in the rear portion of swing arm, and simultaneously counterbalance design is become along with the motion of dipper the moving counterweight that move on the plane on the swing arm; The 2nd, adopt the joint coordination action of a bucket arm cylinder and a hoist motor to replace the bucket arm cylinder of common excavator.After improving like this, excavator have three big advantages (referring to (engineering machinery " the 8th phase of nineteen ninety-five the 5th page " drawing the internal force analysis that digs the formula excavator "): the first, complete machine stability is good during unloading; The second, the equipment stress is improved, light in structure; The 3rd, save the energy.Its weak point is: because the relative swing arm of moving counterweight is done rectilinear motion, its characteristics of motion is described with linear function, and the motion of the relative swing arm of scraper bowl dipper association is around hinge pin O ₂Swing, its characteristics of motion is described with circular function (trigonometric function), therefore, can not exist the sort ofly can make their all complementary fully designs everywhere, promptly the tilting moment that produces of the scraper bowl dipper association anti-tilting moment that can not be produced by moving counterweight fully hangs down and disappears.

Good stability when the purpose of this utility model provides a kind of unloading can increase digging radius, and the motion of equipment self does not consume or the energy-saving excavator of self-balancing of few consumption of engine power.

Above-mentioned purpose is achieved in that accompanying drawings is as follows, this excavator comprises chassis 1, revolving dial 2, boom cylinder 3, counterweight, bucket arm cylinder 6, swing arm 7, dipper 9, bucket cylinder 10, rocking arm 11, company's skewer 12, scraper bowl 13, counterweight is made up of fixed weight 4 and moving counterweight 5 two parts, fixed weight 4 is fixed on the afterbody of swing arm 7, and moving counterweight 5 is by hinge pin O ₄Be contained in the rear portion of swing arm 7, bucket arm cylinder 6 is by hinge pin O ₇, O ₈Be contained between swing arm 7 and the moving counterweight 5, boom cylinder 3 is by hinge pin O ₅, O ₆Rearmounted between revolving dial 2 and swing arm 7, winding plant 15 is contained on the revolving dial 2, between dipper 9 and winding plant 15 wire rope 14 is housed, and rope (bar) 8 is housed between dipper 9 and moving counterweight 5.

The utility model has structurally mainly carried out following several places to be improved: one with the counterweight separated into two parts, and a part is fixed on the swing arm afterbody, the relative movable arm swinging of another part, moving counterweight and bucket arm cylinder and winding plant coordination.Two with the boom cylinder postposition; Three are installed in winding plant on the revolving dial.Because above-mentioned improvement makes to the utlity model has following outstanding advantage:

1, the benefit of bringing owing to the counterweight of taking the static and relative swing arm movable pendulum of relative swing arm has:

The first, the equipment and the barycenter of getting on the bus are constant in operation process, from the motion of excavating position equipment to the alternately change procedure of unloading position consumption of engine power not basically.

The second, the variation of the barycenter of excavator complete machine is minimum in operation process, and job stabilization is greatly improved, thereby lays a good foundation for obtaining big operating radius.

Three, for crawler-mounted excavator, along with the raising of job stabilization can suitably reduce the ground contact length of crawler belt, thereby reduce steering resisting moment, reduce requirement to engine power from the another side.

2, owing to the rearmounted benefit of bringing of boom cylinder be the supporting capacity of boom cylinder when having improved excavation.At present, thereby instead reduce steering resisting moment, reduce requirement from the another side engine power.

2, owing to the rearmounted benefit of bringing of boom cylinder be the supporting capacity of boom cylinder when having improved excavation.At present, the boom cylinder of backacter all arranges usually forward, rod chamber high pressure often during excavation, and the oil cylinder of arranging backwards rodless cavity high pressure often, and the latter's supporting capacity obviously is better than the former.The boom cylinder specification generally depends on the supporting capacity when excavating, so can reduce the specification or the quantity of rearmounted oil cylinder.

3, because of winding plant is installed on the revolving dial, the benefit of bringing has 2 points, the one, arrangement convenience; The 2nd, this layout has greatly been improved the stress of swing arm, says vivid point, is equivalent to exactly strengthen by the section modulus of wire rope with swing arm, makes swing arm stress reduce, and supporting capacity improves.

Concrete structure of the present utility model is provided by following examples and accompanying drawing thereof.

Fig. 1 draws the structural representation that digs the energy-saving excavator of formula self-balancing; Fig. 2 is the structural representation that improves the energy-saving excavator of conventional formula self-balancing; Fig. 3 is that bucket arm cylinder and hoist motor teamwork realize hydraulic schematic diagram.

Below in conjunction with details and the working condition of accompanying drawing detailed description according to the concrete excavator that the utility model proposes.This excavator comprises chassis 1, and revolving dial 2 is contained on the chassis 1, and swing arm 7 is by hinge pin O ₁Be contained on the revolving dial 2, dipper 9 is by hinge pin O ₂Be contained in the front end of swing arm 7, scraper bowl 13 is by hinge pin O ₃Be contained in the lower end of dipper 9.The excavation of scraper bowl 13 and unloading motion are to provide power by bucket cylinder 10, realize by rocking arm 11 and connecting rod 12.Rocking arm 11 is by hinge pin O ₁₃Be contained on the dipper 9, connecting rod 12 is by hinge pin O ₁₄And O ₁₅Be contained between rocking arm 11 and the scraper bowl 13, bucket cylinder 10 is by hinge pin O ₁₁And O ₁₂Be contained on dipper 9 and the rocking arm 11.The counterweight of this loader is divided into fixed weight 4 and 5 two parts are joined in activity, and fixed weight 4 is fixed on the afterbody of swing arm 7, and moving counterweight 5 is by hinge pin O ₄Be contained in the rear portion of swing arm 7, pass through hinge pin O between moving counterweight 5 and the swing arm 7 ₈And O ₇Bucket arm cylinder 6 is housed, rope (bar) 8 is housed between moving counterweight 5 and the dipper 9.When rope (bar) 8 was stay cord, the upper end of the lower end of moving counterweight 5 and dipper 9 was a sectional wheel, and when being connecting rod as if 8, two sectional wheels can make rocking bar (as shown in Figure 2) into.

Boom cylinder 3 is by hinge pin O ₅O ₆Rearmounted between revolving dial 2 and swing arm 7, winding plant 15 is contained on the revolving dial 2, between dipper 9 and winding plant 15 wire rope 14 is housed.The utility model is with boom cylinder 3 postposition, improved the supporting capacity when excavating, winding plant 15 is installed on the revolving dial 2, make structural configuration easy, swing arm 7 stressed being greatly improved are two parts with the counterweight amount particularly, and a part is fixed on the afterbody of swing arm 7, another part is with the relative movable arm swinging of scraper bowl dipper association, thereby realized motionless this key issue of mechanism's barycenter in the uninstall process.During just because of operation, the whole barycenter of equipment is close to motionless, thereby makes the two big characteristics that the utlity model has: the first obtains big operating radius easily; It two is that the motion of equipment does not consume additional energy, so more existing excavator fuel saving.The utility model is realized energy-conservation by bringing mutually of gravitional force between equipment and the moving counterweight 5 specifically.During unloading, moving counterweight 5 descends, and the gravitional force that moving counterweight has is given to equipment; Be back to when excavating the position, the gravitional force that equipment has is given to moving counterweight 5 again, moves back and forth like this, and the mutual conversion by gravitional force reaches energy-conservation purpose.This conversion process can be proved by each the given parameter in the diagram.Proof procedure can at first be established shown position scraper bowl dipper association and moving counterweight is in balance, promptly just can guarantee that by selected suitable moving counterweight scraper bowl dipper association and moving counterweight are in random balance on swing arm in uninstall process, that is to say that when bucket arm cylinder is flexible the barycenter of the rigid body system that is made up of scraper bowl dipper association and moving counterweight is at X ₂O ₄Y ₂Keeping motionless in the coordinate system, is m as the same quality that is cemented on the swing arm ₄+ m ₅Particle, m here ₄, m ₅Be respectively the quality of scraper bowl dipper association and moving counterweight.The position of this particle can be by coordinate transformation method from X ₂O ₄Y ₂Coordinate changes to X ₁O ₁Y ₁Coordinate system is so that dispose the fixed weight that is positioned at the swing arm afterbody together with the swing arm own wt.Utilize simple lever principle can finish the configuration of fixed weight.In case choose fixed weight, a barycenter is at O ₁The equipment at hinge pin place has promptly been finished, and it can satisfy above-mentioned requirement fully, and whole equipment barycenter is motionless during unloading, does not produce additional tilting moment, and its lifting is consumption of engine power not also.C in the accompanying drawing ₁Be the barycenter on chassis 1, W ₁Be its gravity, C ₂Be the barycenter of revolving dial 2, W ₂Be its gravity, C ₃Be the barycenter of swing arm, W ₃Be its gravity, C ₄Be the barycenter of scraper bowl dipper association, W ₄Be its gravity, C ₅

The action of scraper bowl of the present utility model, swing arm, revolving dial and walking mechanism realizes there be not difference with common excavator, different only be the action of bucket arm cylinder and hoist motor.The requirement of mechanism action realization to relevant hydraulic actuator at first is described.

During excavation, hoist motor is an active member, and bucket arm cylinder is a drive element.Barycenter C when moving counterweight ₅Be positioned at and pass through O ₄Plumb line the place ahead the time, bucket arm cylinder is being born dual role, on the one hand it must shorten along with the contraction of elevator cable wire, it also will prevent the free bottom of moving counterweight simultaneously, this just requires bucket arm cylinder to have certain motive force.When moving counterweight moves to opposite side and do not require that bucket arm cylinder controls the free bottom of moving counterweight, but bear by scraper bowl dipper association.

During unloading, bucket arm cylinder is an active member, and hoist motor is a drive element, and require hoist motor to be in quick condition this moment.

Unloading and excavate status Bar one truth table of bucket arm cylinder and hoist motor oil inlet and outlet in two kinds of operating modes, see attached list:

Bucket arm cylinder and hoist motor hydraulic fluid port truth table

A in the table ₁Expression bucket arm cylinder rodless cavity, a ₂The expression rod chamber; The hoist motor oil inlet and outlet is respectively b ₁And b ₂1 represents input pressure in the table, and 0 represents return pressure, and 0 ^*The back pressure that expression is higher than return pressure.

Bucket arm cylinder and hoist motor teamwork can be realized by the hydraulic system shown in the accompanying drawing 3.During excavation, reversal valve 16 with hydraulic oil receive hoist motor 15 ', hoist motor is by wire rope pulling dipper and moving counterweight, and bucket arm cylinder 6 is shortened.Barycenter C when moving counterweight ₅Be positioned at and pass through O ₄The plumb line rear time, the oil of oil cylinder rodless cavity directly returns fuel tank 18 by electromagnetic valve 19; Barycenter C when moving counterweight ₅Be positioned at and pass through O ₄Plumb line the place ahead the time, electromagnetic valve 19 action makes the oil return of the oil cylinder rodless cavity overflow valve of flowing through, the oil return of oil cylinder has certain back pressure, the pressure that the opening pressure of overflow valve 20 will produce a little more than moving counterweight.During unloading, reversal valve 16 is received the rodless cavity of bucket arm cylinder with hydraulic oil, and by wire rope pulling dipper, at this moment, one way valve 17 makes hoist motor be in quick condition.

Rope in the utility model (bar) 8 can adopt wire rope, also can adopt connecting rod, when being connecting rod, and this connecting rod and O ₂O ₄Constitute four-bar mechanism, be generally parallelogram lindage.

When connecting rod is oversize, also can install rocking bar therein additional, they and O ₂O ₄Constitute the four-bar mechanism of several series connection.Be generally parallel capable linkage.

When rope (bar) 8 was connecting rod, bucket arm cylinder 6 can pass through hinge pin O ₇' O ₈' be contained between dipper 9 and the swing arm 7, and remove wire rope 14 and winding plant 15, be the energy-conservation excavator embodiment of the conventional formula self-balancing of improvement shown in Figure 2.

Claims

1, the energy-saving excavator of self-balancing is by chassis (1), revolving dial (2), boom cylinder (3), counterweight, bucket arm cylinder (6), swing arm (7), dipper (9), bucket cylinder (10), rocking arm (11), connecting rod (12), scraper bowl (13) are formed, it is characterized in that counterweight is made up of fixed weight (4) and moving counterweight (5) two parts, fixed weight (4) is fixed on the afterbody of swing arm (7), moving counterweight (5) is contained in the rear portion of swing arm (7) by hinge pin, and bucket arm cylinder (6) is by hinge pin O ₇, O ₈Be contained between swing arm (7) and the moving counterweight (5), boom cylinder (3) is by hinge pin O ₅, O ₆Rearmounted winding plant (15) is contained on the revolving dial (2), between dipper (9) and winding plant (15) wire rope (14) is housed between revolving dial (2) and swing arm (7), and rope bar (8) is housed between dipper (9) and moving counterweight (5).

2, by the energy-saving excavator of the described self-balancing of claim 1, it is characterized in that said rope bar (8) can adopt connecting rod, this connecting rod and O ₂O ₄Constitute quadric chain, bucket arm cylinder (6) can replace wire rope (14) and winding plant (15) is contained between dipper (9) and the swing arm (7) by hinge pin.

3,, it is characterized in that in the middle of connecting rod, can installing rocking bar additional they and O by claim 1 or the energy-saving excavator of 2 described self-balancings ₂O ₄Constitute the four-bar mechanism of several series connection.