CN110219332B - Swing arm mechanism gravity counteracting device of excavator - Google Patents

Swing arm mechanism gravity counteracting device of excavator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110219332B
CN110219332B CN201910391334.9A CN201910391334A CN110219332B CN 110219332 B CN110219332 B CN 110219332B CN 201910391334 A CN201910391334 A CN 201910391334A CN 110219332 B CN110219332 B CN 110219332B
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China
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arm
counterweight
oil cylinder
position adjusting
valve
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CN201910391334.9A
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CN110219332A (en
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董志强
董竞仪
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/38Cantilever beams, i.e. booms;, e.g. manufacturing processes, forms, geometry or materials used for booms; Dipper-arms, e.g. manufacturing processes, forms, geometry or materials used for dipper-arms; Bucket-arms
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/42Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • E02F3/43Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/42Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • E02F3/43Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
    • E02F3/435Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/18Counterweights

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an actuator gravity cancellation device for an excavator. The gravity counteracting weight of the movable arm mechanism is arranged at the end part of the counterweight arm; the counterweight arm is hinged to the movable arm big arm through a counterweight arm pin shaft, and a counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is arranged between the counterweight arm and the movable arm big arm; the movable arm is provided with an angle sensor; a hydraulic oil circuit of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is provided with a switch valve for controlling the on-off of an oil circuit, and the switch valve is connected with an angle sensor; when a hydraulic oil way of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is closed, a valve rod of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is fixed; when the hydraulic oil way of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is conducted, the valve rod of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder slides in the oil cylinder at will. The invention has high safety and low maintenance cost, is suitable for various working conditions and transportation, can realize the full-working condition energy-saving requirement of lifting and lowering the movable arm mechanism, and has obvious energy-saving effect.

Description

Swing arm mechanism gravity counteracting device of excavator
Technical Field
The invention relates to an excavator, in particular to an arm mechanism gravity counteracting device of the excavator.
Background
The excavator is an important construction engineering machine, is widely applied to various engineering projects such as engineering construction, mine excavation and the like, and needs to consume a large amount of energy when the excavator works, so that the purposes of saving energy, reducing emission and protecting environment are achieved, and the excavator is very important to develop energy conservation and consumption reduction. When the excavator works, working conditions such as excavating, unloading and the like are realized by continuously lifting and descending the movable arm mechanism. However, the excavator's actuators themselves are very heavy, which requires an extra amount of energy to overcome these extra weights, and thus a large amount of energy is consumed. In order to reduce such energy consumption, various energy-saving excavators, including hybrid excavators, energy-accumulating excavators, and the like, have been disclosed in the prior art. However, these energy-saving excavators have large application limitation and limited energy-saving effect, and cannot be widely popularized at present. The excavator with the energy accumulator mainly comprises the following steps that the energy accumulator is used for absorbing potential energy of descending of a movable arm, absorbed energy is released to the movable arm to lift, the movable arm is assisted to lift, various working conditions of the excavator, such as leveling work, slope cutting work, fine work and the like, cannot be adapted to due to overlarge absorbed energy, meanwhile, the energy storage device has safety problems, potential safety hazards can be brought, and the excavator utilizing other energy-saving technologies has the defects of complex structure, high manufacturing cost, difficult maintenance and the like, and meanwhile, the excavator saves energy, brings potential safety hazards and increases the fault rate in the operation of the excavator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the gravity counteracting device for the movable arm mechanism of the excavator, which can adjust the angle and the position of the gravity counteracting device for the movable arm mechanism at any time according to working conditions, is convenient to adjust, enhances the adaptability of various working conditions and transportation, can meet the energy-saving requirement of the movable arm mechanism under all working conditions of lifting and lowering, and has obvious energy-saving effect.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
The gravity counteracting device for the movable arm mechanism of the excavator comprises a counterweight arm and a gravity counteracting counterweight for the movable arm mechanism, wherein the gravity counteracting counterweight for the movable arm mechanism is arranged at the end part of the counterweight arm; the counterweight arm is hinged to the movable arm big arm through a counterweight arm pin shaft, and a counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is arranged between the counterweight arm and the movable arm big arm; the movable arm is provided with an angle sensor; a hydraulic oil circuit of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is provided with a switch valve for controlling the on-off of an oil circuit, and the switch valve is connected with an angle sensor; when a hydraulic oil way of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is closed, a valve rod of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is fixed; when the hydraulic oil way of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is conducted, the valve rod of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder slides in the oil cylinder at will.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the beneficial effects that:
The movable arm mechanism gravity compensation device has the advantages of being high in safety, low in maintenance cost, capable of realizing mutual compensation of the movable arm mechanism gravity according to the fact that the counterweight is required to be increased or reduced at any time according to working conditions, capable of adjusting the angle and the position of the movable arm mechanism compensation gravity device at any time according to the working conditions, convenient to adjust, capable of enhancing adaptability of various working conditions and transportation, capable of meeting all-working-condition energy-saving requirements of lifting and descending of the movable arm mechanism, and obvious in energy-saving effect. The structure is convenient for production and processing, is particularly suitable for direct reconstruction of the existing excavator, and has strong adaptability because the relative positions of the counterweight arm and the movable arm are adjustable at any time by adopting a mode that the counterweight arm is directly hinged with the movable arm and the movable arm, and the counterweight arm is prevented from damaging and interfering with hydraulic components such as a vehicle body and the like when being lifted at the movable arm and is convenient to transport and control; the noise of motion contact can be reduced through the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder, and the service life of the balance weight mechanism is prolonged.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows:
the hydraulic oil way of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is also provided with a reversing valve and an overflow valve, the reversing valve is connected with a standby accessory control oil port in a hydraulic multi-way valve system of the excavator, and the overflow valve is arranged at the inlet of the oil way; the reversing valve is connected with the switching valve in parallel and then is connected with the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder.
The frame platform is provided with a counterweight arm limiting block, the counterweight arm is provided with a counterweight arm limiting switch, and the counterweight arm limiting switch is fixed on the counterweight arm limiting block or the counterweight arm.
The switching valve and the reversing valve are electromagnetic valves, and the switching valve is electrically connected with the angle sensor and the counterweight arm limit switch.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of hydraulic control of a counterweight arm position adjustment cylinder;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a counterweight arm position adjustment cylinder disposed on an upper portion of a counterweight arm;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a two-section articulated weight arm;
in the figure: a frame platform 1; a boom arm 2; a movable arm big arm pin 3; a boom large arm cylinder 4; a boom arm cylinder 5; a boom arm 6; a boom bucket cylinder 7; a bucket 8; a counterweight arm pin 9; a counterweight arm 10; the actuator weight counteracts the counterweight 11; weight arm limit switch 12: a weight arm stopper 13; a second weight arm position adjustment cylinder 14; a weight arm position adjustment cylinder 15; an actuator gravity counteracting means 16; an actuator 17; an angle sensor 18; a second weight arm 19; a switch valve 20; a reversing valve 21; an overflow valve 22; a multiplex valve system 23; a throttle valve 24; a first weight arm 25.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an arm mechanism 17 of the excavator according to the present embodiment is composed of a boom arm 2, a boom arm pin 3, a boom arm cylinder 4, a boom arm cylinder 5, a boom arm 6, a boom bucket cylinder 7, and a bucket 8. The movable arm mechanism gravity counteracting device 16 comprises a counterweight arm pin shaft 9, a counterweight arm 10, a counterweight mechanism gravity counteracting counterweight 11, a counterweight arm limiting block 13 and a counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15, wherein the counterweight arm 10 is hinged on the movable arm big arm 2 through the counterweight arm pin shaft 9, one end of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 is hinged with the movable arm big arm 2, the other end of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is hinged with the counterweight arm 10, the counterweight mechanism gravity counteracting counterweight 11 is arranged at the end part of the counterweight arm 10, the counterweight arm limiting block 13 is arranged on the frame platform 1, a counterweight arm limiting switch 12 is arranged on the counterweight arm limiting block 13, the movable arm big arm 2 is provided with an angle sensor 18, a switching valve 20 for controlling the on-off of an oil way is arranged on a hydraulic oil path of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15, and the switching valve 20 is connected with the angle sensor 18 of the movable arm big arm 2 and the counterweight arm limiting switch 12. When the hydraulic control oil way of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 is closed, the valve rod and the oil cylinder position of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 are locked, and at the moment, the counterweight arm 10 forms a lever structure through the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 and the movable arm big arm 2, and the movable arm big arm pin shaft 3 is taken as a fulcrum to play a role in counteracting part or all of gravity of the movable arm mechanism 17; when the hydraulic control oil passage of the boom position adjusting cylinder 15 is turned on, the valve rod of the boom position adjusting cylinder 15 slides arbitrarily in the cylinder, and at this time, the boom 10 no longer follows the boom arm 2. The swing arm gravity counteracting apparatus 16 facilitates manufacturing and machining and is particularly suited for direct retrofitting of existing excavators.
Referring to fig. 2, a hydraulic oil path of the weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 is provided with a switch valve 20, a reversing valve 21 and an overflow valve 22, wherein the switch valve 20 and the reversing valve 21 are electromagnetic valves, the switch valve 20 and the reversing valve 21 are electrically connected with an angle sensor 18 and a weight arm limit switch 12, the reversing valve 21 is connected with a standby accessory control oil port in a hydraulic multiway valve system of the excavator, and the overflow valve 22 is arranged at an oil path inlet; the reversing valve 21 is connected in parallel with the switching valve 20 and then connected with the counterweight arm position adjusting cylinder 15. When the switch valve 20 is electrified, the hydraulic oil way of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 is closed, and the valve rod and the oil cylinder position of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 are locked; when the switch valve 20 is powered off, the hydraulic oil way of the weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 is communicated with the return oil, and the valve rod of the weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 slides in the oil cylinder at will. The hydraulic control system is simple and safe, and can utilize the backup accessory valve oil circuit system of the multi-way valve of the excavator, so that the connection and transformation of the hydraulic system of the existing excavator are facilitated.
When the excavator performs actions such as excavating, unloading, loading and the like, the switch valve 20 is electrified, at the moment, the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 is in a closed state due to the fact that the valve rod and the oil cylinder position are locked, the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15, the balance weight arm 10 and the movable arm mechanism gravity counteracting balance weight 11 form a fixed whole, and the movable arm big arm 2 moves up and down according to the working condition requirement, so that the gravity counteracting part or all of the movable arm mechanism 17 is achieved; when the counterweight arm 10 contacts the counterweight arm limit switch 12, the switch valve 20 is powered off, the large cavity and the small cavity of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 are communicated with oil return, the valve rod of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is arbitrarily slid between the oil cylinder, at the moment, the counterweight arm 10 stays at the position of the counterweight arm limiting block 13 due to the action of gravity, and the counterweight arm 10 does not move downwards along with the lifting of the large arm 2, so that the counterweight arm 10 is prevented from interfering with hydraulic components such as a vehicle body; when the movable arm 2 descends to a certain angle, the angle sensor 18 senses the angle set by the movable arm 2, the switch valve 20 is electrified to close the oil path of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15, so that the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder 15 and the counterweight arm 10 continue to move along with the working condition of the movable arm 2, the gravity of part or all of the movable arm mechanism 17 is counteracted, and the energy saving purpose of the excavator is realized.
In actual construction or when the excavator needs to be transported, the relative angle between the counterweight arm 10 and the movable arm big arm 2 needs to be changed, and at the moment, extra power is provided for the counterweight arm 10 to adjust through reversing of the reversing valve 21, so that the relative angle between the counterweight arm 10 and the movable arm big arm 2 is changed, the counterweight arm 10 reaches the required height, and the action can be widely suitable for the requirements in various constructions. For example, when there is a transportation demand, in order to facilitate the transportation of the excavator, the large boom 2 of the movable arm can be conveniently adjusted through the switch valve 20, at this time, the large boom 2 of the movable arm is lifted, the counterweight arm 10 falls back to the counterweight arm limiting block 13, the switch valve 20 is forcibly powered off, the large cavity of the counterweight arm position adjusting cylinder 15 is communicated with the oil return, the valve rod and the oil cylinder of the counterweight arm slide randomly, the counterweight arm 10 does not move along with the large boom 2 of the movable arm, so that the transportation of the excavator is facilitated, but if the excavator is in a narrow space, the lifting angle of the large boom 2 of the movable arm is limited, the counterweight arm 10 cannot fall back to the counterweight arm limiting block 13 through the lifting large boom 2, and additional power can be provided for the counterweight arm 10 through the reversing valve 21, so that the counterweight arm 10 falls back.
As shown in fig. 3, the weight arm position adjustment cylinder 15 may be installed above the weight arm 10, so that the space under the weight arm 10 increases, thereby interfering with the space under the excavator body.
Referring to fig. 4, the counterweight arm 10 is a two-section hinged counterweight arm, and includes a first counterweight arm 25 and a second counterweight arm 19, the second counterweight arm 19 is hinged to the first counterweight arm 25, the end of the second counterweight arm 19 is provided with an actuator gravity counteracting counterweight 11, a second counterweight arm position adjusting cylinder 14 is hinged between the first counterweight arm 25 and the second counterweight arm 19, and the angle of the second counterweight arm 19 is adjusted by telescoping the second counterweight arm position adjusting cylinder 14, so that the second counterweight arm 19 is lifted or lowered. The structure not only can better adapt to the energy-saving requirement of the excavator under various working conditions, but also can adapt to the requirement of the excavator on the height in working and transportation.
It should be noted that, regarding whether the counterweight arm 10 moves to the counterweight arm limit position or the angle of the boom large arm 2, the angle of the boom or the counterweight arm can be sensed not only by the angle sensor 18, but also by other sensors, such as a gesture sensor, a travel switch, and the like.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, but rather the equivalent structural changes made by the application of the present description and drawings are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims (1)

1. The gravity counteracting device for the movable arm mechanism of the excavator comprises a counterweight arm and a gravity counteracting counterweight for the movable arm mechanism, wherein the gravity counteracting counterweight for the movable arm mechanism is arranged at the end part of the counterweight arm; the method is characterized in that: the counterweight arm is hinged to the movable arm big arm through a counterweight arm pin shaft, and a counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is arranged between the counterweight arm and the movable arm big arm; the movable arm is provided with an angle sensor; a hydraulic oil circuit of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is provided with a switch valve for controlling the on-off of an oil circuit, and the switch valve is connected with an angle sensor; when a hydraulic oil way of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is closed, a valve rod of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is fixed; when a hydraulic oil way of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is conducted, a valve rod of the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder slides in the oil cylinder at will;
The hydraulic oil way of the counterweight arm position adjusting oil cylinder is also provided with a reversing valve and an overflow valve, the reversing valve is connected with a standby accessory control oil port in a hydraulic multi-way valve system of the excavator, and the overflow valve is arranged at the inlet of the oil way; the reversing valve is connected with the switching valve in parallel and then is connected with the balance weight arm position adjusting oil cylinder;
The frame platform is provided with a counterweight arm limiting block, the counterweight arm is provided with a counterweight arm limiting switch, and the counterweight arm limiting switch is fixed on the counterweight arm limiting block or the counterweight arm;
The switching valve and the reversing valve are electromagnetic valves, and the switching valve is electrically connected with the angle sensor and the counterweight arm limit switch.
CN201910391334.9A 2019-05-12 2019-05-12 Swing arm mechanism gravity counteracting device of excavator Active CN110219332B (en)

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Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110565724A (en) * 2019-09-24 2019-12-13 成都市猎石者破岩科技有限责任公司 Big arm and rock breaking device
CN110616758B (en) * 2019-10-25 2024-03-19 董志强 Energy-saving control system of excavator
CN110777863B (en) * 2019-11-01 2024-08-27 董志强 Energy-saving excavator control system
CN111042259B (en) * 2019-12-26 2022-05-03 三一重机有限公司 Excavator and rotation system thereof

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KR19990031196A (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-05-06 김형벽 Apparatus for alleviating the impact generated during the boom lowering operation of the excavator
CN2355001Y (en) * 1998-05-08 1999-12-22 刘国民 Self balanced energy saving excavator
KR20070105424A (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-10-31 현대중공업 주식회사 The hydraulic excavators with energy-saving hydraulic boom cylinders
CN203129205U (en) * 2013-04-08 2013-08-14 孙雷 Movable arm counter weight follow-up excavator
CN103597147A (en) * 2011-06-10 2014-02-19 日立建机株式会社 Work machine
CN203462514U (en) * 2013-09-13 2014-03-05 泉州市洛江区交通汽车修配厂 Novel power-assisted system for excavator or loader
CN105926696A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-09-07 浙江大学 Excavator moving arm potential energy classified recovery and release device and method thereof
CN210049305U (en) * 2019-05-12 2020-02-11 董志强 Gravity counteracting device for movable arm mechanism of excavator

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US20140000973A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-02 Caterpillar Inc. Energy Storage Integrated as Machine Counterweight

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR19990031196A (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-05-06 김형벽 Apparatus for alleviating the impact generated during the boom lowering operation of the excavator
CN2355001Y (en) * 1998-05-08 1999-12-22 刘国民 Self balanced energy saving excavator
KR20070105424A (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-10-31 현대중공업 주식회사 The hydraulic excavators with energy-saving hydraulic boom cylinders
CN103597147A (en) * 2011-06-10 2014-02-19 日立建机株式会社 Work machine
CN203129205U (en) * 2013-04-08 2013-08-14 孙雷 Movable arm counter weight follow-up excavator
CN203462514U (en) * 2013-09-13 2014-03-05 泉州市洛江区交通汽车修配厂 Novel power-assisted system for excavator or loader
CN105926696A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-09-07 浙江大学 Excavator moving arm potential energy classified recovery and release device and method thereof
CN210049305U (en) * 2019-05-12 2020-02-11 董志强 Gravity counteracting device for movable arm mechanism of excavator

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