CN2323265Y - Solid fuel burning device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a combustion device of solid combustion. The utility model is formed by the method that isolated population made of the materials of high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance is arranged in a stove chamber of a related stove article. A slit or an eyelet is arranged on the isolated population, solid fuel in the stove chamber and air can be caused to respectively have a plurality of passages of non horizontal direction and to be widely contacted, ideal fuel condition can be resulted, and the defects of low heat efficiency of layer combustion devices and complex technique of pulverized coal combustion device can be avoided. The utility model can be an industrial heating grate, a gas generation stove, a boiler, a domestic stove, etc. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, stable combustion, high efficiency, energy savin, gconvenient operation, etc.

Description

A kind of solid-fuelled burner

The utility model relates to solid-fuelled burner, especially relates to industrial heating furnace or fires stove, gas generator, industrial boiler, domestic cooking stove or stove and accessorys such as heating stove, domestic life boiler.

The employed solid fuel of the utility model is meant organic solid fuel such as straw straw in various solid mineral fuels such as coal, oil shale and the crops, paddy shell nuclear and wooden, leaf grass, they or ready-made or through suitably being processed into the general bulk that is of moderate size, graininess, powdery, or all be fuel range used in the present invention by their solid fuel of combination.Because the coal use amount is maximum, all is that representative describes below with the coal, does not influence the utility model and uses other solid fuel, and abbreviate diffusing coal as.

" coal resources take advantage at the energy middle part in the China and the world.As thermal source, the utilization of coal has direct burning, three kinds of approach such as gasification and liquefaction.Though representing technique direction for back two kinds, in the foreseeable several years, the approach that utilizes of the overwhelming majority will remain direct burning in the coal resources in China.The direct combustion system of coal can be divided into two big classes, i.e. lump coal (stratiform) burning and pulverized coal friring.The combustion method of fine coal mainly contains three kinds at present: (1) jet flow firing method; (2) Boiling Combustion method; (3) cyclone firing method." " though coal is a utilize resources synthetically, present various coal stoves are still a lot, and this is because coal resource is abundant, obtains easily (" modern industry stove combustion technology " Guo Baiwei, Gao Taiyin, Bao Zongzhao write, and Science Press publishes, in July, 1994).From the overall situation of national economy, pay the utmost attention to coal and act as a fuel, be necessary fully.Method for burning coal mainly contains two kinds: layer combustion and pulverized coal friring.Preceding a kind of method is with the most use." (" industrial furnace thermal technology and structure " first compiled, and Lu Zhongwu, peaceful Po Lam are write, Northeast Polytechnic College, May nineteen eighty-three).The said pulverized coal friring of above-mentioned data be with coal be processed into Powdered after, utilize air to make it jet flow, the boiling, whirlwind, make fine coal mix later burning with air.This combustion method is efficient, but the specification requirement height, the pulverized coalapparatus complexity is used less; Said layer combustion, be block, graininess coal to be packed into have in the burner hearth of ventilation fire grate, air is by fire grate and red-hot coal generation combustion reaction, its layer combustion device is simple, extensively adopted at present, but exist incomplete combustion loss big, combustion instability, the thermal efficiency is low, not easy to operate and shortcoming such as contaminated environment, this is well-known and the long-term problem that is not solved, particularly its thermal efficiency is low, and society adopts the coal stove of this method many, and the coal resources waste that is caused is quite huge.

The purpose of this utility model is: a kind of diffusing coal combustion device that is different from above-mentioned two kinds of burners is provided, overcome the shortcoming of existing burner, reduce incomplete combustion loss to a great extent, make flameholding, improve the thermal efficiency significantly, simultaneously easy to operate, technology is simple, environmental pollution is little, is applied to industrial production and domestic life field.

The utility model basis: when possessing sufficiently high temperature, abundant air (oxygen) contacts with fuel, during enough three conditions such as burning time, solid fuel is burnt to cinder (list of references " household energy conservation cooking stove ", Zhou Baiyu writes, Hunan science and technology publishing house, 1984), take following scheme to realize above-mentioned purpose:

Use fire-resistant oxidation resistant, and under the condition of high temperature, have the material of sufficient intensity to make the separator of a kind of aperture plate orifice plate shape structure or other form structures; Make this separator satisfy such condition: that try one's best is frivolous, it can be placed in the certain angle scope of non-horizontal direction, particularly when upright the placement, diffusing coal in its specific side, no matter when being static or when mobile from top to bottom, all can be blocked and can not leak, and air can waltz through the slit of separator or a side of the never diffusing coal of eyelet is led to the diffusing coal diffusion of the side direction that diffusing coal is arranged contact to opposite side.Obtained an energy thus every living diffusing coal every the frivolous not thick interface of non-horizontal direction (containing vertical interface) that does not live air, this interface can be plane, folding face, can be the curved surface of different shape also, all can be considered this separator as long as satisfy any interface of aforementioned condition.One group of this separator is combined into a kind of spacing container by certain way, this spacing container has also just possessed such function: though when the diffusing coal of its inside is static or when mobile from top to bottom can not from around spill spacing container, and extraneous air can contact with the diffusing coal in it all around, this is a kind of design form, another kind of design form is just in time with preceding a kind of opposite, no matter can not leak into spacing container when the diffusing coal of its outside is static or when mobile from top to bottom, its inner air can contact with the diffusing coal of its outside again.Again several this spacing containers are combined a kind of isolated population by certain way, this isolated population just can make diffusing coal and air that the position is respectively arranged within it.This position in fact also is a kind of passage, no matter do not leak to air duct when the coal that looses is static in oneself passage or when mobile from top to bottom, and air can spread in the coal channel that looses when flowing in oneself passage and contacts.This isolated population is contained in specially in the coal stove relevant position of designing for it.This coal stove also must have such function: every diffusing coal in isolated population looses coal channel can not spill from the bottom, and when diffusing coal burn become lime-ash after, can easily lime-ash be leaked down to take away by certain operation, immediately reinstatement again; Air duct full communication between the higher and lower levels in the isolated population, extraneous air can enter the bottom smoothly and communicate with it, and throughput is adjustable.An amount of diffusing coal is packed in this special coal stove relevant position that isolated population is housed, employing is ignited or other modes are brought up to this more than diffusing coal ignition point with temperature, and maintenance air duct inner air flow, burning can be achieved, temperature is enough height in the stove as long as keep, extraneous air enters constantly that air duct is replenished and enough burning times, and burning will continue, and burn up to diffusing coal.In combustion process, the diffusing coal body that participates in burning amasss and diminishes gradually, becomes lime-ash at last, and the diffusing coal that top does not burn falls automatically to replenish in the passage at oneself under the gravity effect and burns away; And air is by the effect of the draft diffusing coal diffusion oxygen supply in the coal channel that looses in the passage of oneself from bottom to top automatically, participates in being diffused as main combustion reaction, and takes away combustion product, and oxygen content reduces gradually in the air, and last even oxygen content is zero.Because air demand is adjustable, the height of passage can be preset, and just direct heat-obtaining perhaps obtains coal gas.As long as remove lime-ash, the diffusing coal of interpolation, control air quantity in good time, burning can continue by artificial requirement.Utilize this combustion method, can be as required, be designed to size, highly, shape, the coal stove that purposes etc. have nothing in common with each other in conjunction with existing control combustion technology and other ancillary techniques, can be applied to weight industrial heating furnace kiln, gazogene, fields such as industrial civil boiler and home furnace.

Isolated population can be combined by spacing container, also can integral manufacturing; Spacing container can be combined by separator, also can integral manufacturing; They also can be directly and the body of heater global formation.

Air flow generally carries out from the bottom to top in the air duct, but also can from top to bottom carry out, and implements so-called backfire; For certain needs, air flow can from top to bottom hocket from the bottom to top, also can cut off wind regime and stop the operation of promptly banking up a fire of flowing.Flowing of air generally is that nature flows, but also can forced flow.

The moving direction of diffusing coal generally from top to bottom carries out automatically, for certain needs also can be designed to force from the bottom to top mobile form.

The utlity model has following advantage:

(1), influence that the air right factor in corner mobile and that diffusing coal moves does not almost have or seldom owing to have separately independently air duct and diffusing coal channel in the burner hearth.Much more stable than the coal combustion in the layer combustion device; (2) no matter removing lime-ash, adding in the coal operation of loosing, still in combustion process, have unburned carbon loss hardly, perhaps this loss seldom; (3) can be designed to air coefficient and approach very much 1 coal stove, realize high efficiency of combustion, and environmental pollution be also very little; (4) adding the coal operation of loosing does not resemble and requires to spare no effort to, adds less, adds technology such as even the layer combustion device and be particular about, can fill up once that fill it up with just can be with one period long period, and can not directly to throw coal to burner hearth, also do not emit on the diffusing coal of naked light on the surface but throw, avoid the hardship that smoke fire burns, work difficulty, intensity and condition there are in various degree reduction, alleviate and improve; (5) the utility model is easy to and has now control combustion technology and other ancillary techniques in conjunction with realizing extensive mechanically actuated and control automatically; When (6) the utility model is home furnace, can remove the trouble that honeycomb briquet or other moulded coal are made from, reduce fuel cost, remove the earth adhesive simultaneously from and entered in the stove, make quick combustion, efficient height; Can also realize family's coal gasification combustion that looses, alleviate liquefied gas supply contradiction and the social coal gas difficulty of supply comprehensively as yet; (7) the utility model is simple in structure, and specification requirement is not high, and solid-fuelled calorific value, shape are not had very high requirement, and the fuel source that adapts to it is abundant and wide.

In order to further specify implementation of the present invention,, principle is implemented to do pictute with reference to accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is a grating form separator schematic diagram, and the drawing left side is a front view, and the right is a schematic perspective view.

Fig. 2 is that the drawing left side is a front view by the spacing container of grating form separator combination, and the right is a schematic perspective view.

Fig. 3 is the cut-away view that is contained in situation in the special body of heater by the grating form isolated population.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 ', Fig. 3 ' are respectively hole pattern shape separators, and spacing container, isolated population are contained in situation and Fig. 1 in the special body of heater, Fig. 2, the corresponding figures of Fig. 3.

Principle embodiment: as shown in Figure 1, grid shape separator (1) is made up of the lath that polylith has the inclination angle.The concrete material that uses forms as refractory or metal oxide sintering or founding, is added with wire or inorganic high-melting fibre silk reinforcing material in case of necessity within it, and perhaps directly use is coated with the metallic plate making of protective layer in surface applied.As shown in Figure 2, the spacing container (2) that it is made up of two separators (1) adopts the inorganic binder be combined into, and the inside of this spacing container (2) is air duct (4).Fig. 3 is spacing container (2) the device situation in special body of heater the time, the isolated population (3) be made up of two spacing containers (and two half) of only having drawn in the stove is only illustrated principle, be actually as required, the spacing container (2) in the isolated population (3) can design morely.Body of heater (6) has certain intensity and heat-insulating property, the coal (7) that looses can not pass through screen (8) and leak to air duct (4), effect by the grey plate of retaining (9), the coal (7) that looses can not spill from the bottom, air enters its air duct (4) as shown by arrows, by diffusing coal (7) the diffusion contact of formed seam of screen (8) to the coal channel (5) that looses, by igniting or other modes are brought up to this diffusing coal (7) more than the ignition point with temperature in the stove, burning just can realize.Carrying out along with combustion reaction, the diffusing coal (7) of combustion zone gradually combustion volume diminish and become lime-ash at last, and the diffusing coal (7) on top is fallen to being replenished by the gravity effect, this process be continuous gradually, so burning is very stable in a period of time.Extract the grey plate of retaining (9) in good time out and take out lime-ash, and add the sufficient coal (7) that looses in the above, burning is just continued.Coal (7) is added to by top and becomes lime-ash and take out the combustion zone of all not passing through exceptionally in the body of heater (6) from the bottom owing to loose, all basically be the same with burning condition burning time, so the incomplete combustion loss in the lime-ash can be zero or very little as long as design is proper.The operation of coal (7) of add loosing is earlier with a special cover plate, earlier special cover plate is covered during coal and covers, and blocks the suitable for reading of all air ducts (4), to be added open special cover plate again behind the diffusing coal (7) enough and gets final product.Fig. 1 ', Fig. 2 ', the principle that Fig. 3 ' demonstrated is corresponding the same with aforementioned principles, and different is that separator (1) is an eyelet form and aforementioned different, and the grey plate of former retaining (9) is replaced by the grey rotary drum of retaining (10).Other resemble the circle of aperture plate shape, flakey and various ways, and are ellipse, square shape, and separator (1), spacing container (2), isolated population (3) and size, the specific design of component count is ever-changing, and I am unequal to number and lift.

The present invention is described in further detail for stove and accessory embodiment and accompanying drawing in conjunction with being correlated with again below:

Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are respectively relevant stove and accessory embodiment 1: the master of industrial heating furnace kiln looks cross-sectional schematic and end face cross-sectional schematic;

Fig. 6 is relevant stove and accessory embodiment 2: gas generator cross-sectional schematic and cross-sectional end view;

Fig. 7 is relevant stove and accessory embodiment 3: the part of home furnace (I) is analysed and observe schematic perspective view;

Fig. 8 is relevant stove and accessory embodiment 4: the cross-sectional schematic of home furnace (II).

Relevant stove and accessory embodiment 1, the industrial heating furnace kiln:

As Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, have the isolated population (3) that the combination of grid shape is installed in the body of heater (6) of heat-insulating property, retaining lime-ash rotary drum (7) and several combustion product effusion windows (8) of several interlocks.The coal (9) that looses adds fashionable from top coal bunker (10), be subjected to combustion product effusion window (8) side action, enter smoothly in the diffusing coal channel (5) of burner hearth, blocked by retaining lime-ash rotary drum (7) at last, but primary air drives flow rising by draft by air register in cinder chamber (11) enters air duct (4), in uphill process, spread to diffusing coal channel (5), combustion reaction based on diffusion combustion takes place with red-hot coal grain, and take away combustion product, along with continuing the last very low high-temperature flue gas of oxygen content that forms that rises, these high-temperature flue gas continue to rise and again the diffusing coal in top are carried out dry distillation and preheating, and take away the destructive distillation gas-phase product, and arrive combustion product effusion window (8) at last, flow to heating clamber (12), add thermal material (13), guide chimney into by stove tail outlet (14).Consider that gas-phase combustions such as the flammable composition of volatilization of coal and coal gas still fully do not finish, locate to be provided with adjustable secondary wind at combustion product effusion window (8) and enter air channel (15), send secondary wind to additional gas-phase combustion, regulate the control of first and second air quantity realization firepower size control and furnace atmosphere, air consumption coefficient.In due course, rotate retaining lime-ash rotary drum (7), leak down and take lime-ash away, keep having in the burner hearth the diffusing coal (9) of adequate thickness simultaneously, burning heating process will be able to stable continuation.If change material (13) into boiler heat-exchanger, design size is changed a little just becomes industry, civil boiler.

Relevant stove and accessory embodiment 2, gas generator:

As shown in Figure 6, the height dimension that its furnace binding and embodiment 1 main difference are isolated population (3) is higher, make diffusing coal (6) that enough thick reducing zone band be arranged in burner hearth, from combustion product effusion window effluent air is oxygen, producer gas that carbon dioxide content is all lower or water-gas.It does not have heating clamber, secondary air duct, the heat exchanger in generation (7), heavy grey chamber (8), coal gas outlet (9).Heat exchanger (7) can be provided with a plurality of, in order to absorb gas heat, reduces the output gas temperature, and the heat of absorption can be used for preheating and participate in the air of burning or make other UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN.After coal gas entered heavy grey chamber (8), flow velocity will diminish suddenly, and the dust of carrying secretly in it is deposited on the bottom of grey chamber (8) because of deadweight, regularly takes away then.The external coal gas treatment facility of coal gas outlet (9) is sent to gas chamber and uses for the user.Adopt the air-steam mixed ventilation, regulate its ratio, air quantity, can obtain the water-gas of better quality continuously.This gas generator is applicable to chemical industry gas making, industrial domestic gas manufacturing.

Relevant stove and accessory embodiment 3, home furnace (I):

As shown in Figure 7, it has furnace shell (7), heat-insulation layer (8) combustion chamber (6) secondary air duct (16), main air intake (9), cyclone plate (10) and the fire board common members of general home furnace such as (11), retaining lime-ash plate (12) is also arranged, the ash bucket (13) of band air door and isolated population (3) etc. are different from the member of general home furnace, also have special funnel (14), quantitative scuppit annexes such as (15).Isolated population (3) is to be combined by separator (1) and spacing container (2).Isolated population (3) is put into combustion chamber (6), special funnel (14) is placed on cooking stove top, and eyelet aimed at isolated population (3) relevant position, with quantitative scuppit (15) coal in special funnel (14), by the orientation of special funnel (14) eyelet, diffusing coal enters fuel channel (5) smoothly, and by the retaining lime-ash plate (12) block, be full of fuel channel (5) up to diffusing coal, take away special funnel (14) again, promptly finished coal work.Eyelet on the retaining lime-ash plate (12) is aimed at the air duct (4) in the isolated population (3) and is communicated, and has guaranteed that the air that is entered into ash bucket (13) by primary air nozzle (9) enters the interior air duct (4) of isolated population (3) smoothly.Employing is ignited or other modes are brought up to this more than diffusing coal ignition point with temperature in the stove, and burning just begins to carry out.As long as extract retaining lime-ash plate (12) out in good time, allow lime-ash fall into ash bucket (13), will keep off grey plate (12) again and reset, extraction ash bucket (13) removes lime-ash and resets immediately, after promptly finishing ash discharge work, press the coal working procedure again and add an amount of diffusing coal, just can keep normal smooth combustion.Secondary air duct (16) can normally carry out the fire door gas-phase combustion at the fire door auxiliary air, and main air intake (9) can be realized the purpose that firepower is regulated and banked up a fire and use.

Relevant stove and accessory embodiment 4, home furnace (II):

As shown in Figure 8, by coal stove (7) and gas range (8) be combined into, they are connected each other by the defeated pipe of coal gas (9).Coal stove (7) is actually a small-sized gas generator, structure in the stove and embodiment 2 gas generators are basic identical, be provided with isolated population (3), difference is: combustion product effusion window both sides are to communicate, and coal gas can be tidied up two burners (12) that are sent to gas range (8) from both sides by the defeated pipes of two coal gas (9); The retaining lime-ash plate of its underpart, ash bucket (not shown) have the same function with home furnace (I); Fire door has increased cover plate (10), covers diffusing coal (6).Both sides external has two coal storage casees (11), can contain the coal of igniting, common fire coal and matchmaker respectively and shovel annex.Two burners (12) of gas range (8) have the function of cutting off coal gas and regulating the coal gas amount, and electronic ignition device also is housed.When the hyperactivity of fire temperature is high in the coal stove (7), in ash bucket, inject a certain amount of water, water is subjected to thermal evaporation and the reaction of red-hot coal to produce water-gas, locates burning at burner (12), the burner hearth heat can be transferred to burner (12) rapidly, and the realization big fire is boiled soon.The air port can be regulated firepower or bank up a fire stand-by.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of solid-fuelled burner, can be industrial heating furnace or fire stove, gas generator, industrial boiler, also can be domestic cooking stove or heating stove, domestic life boiler, form by body of heater, insulation material, burner hearth, air inlet, combustion product escape orifice, it is characterized in that:

(1), its burner hearth has isolated population (3) to be provided with therebetween;

(2), isolated population (3) is made or is combined by separator (1) or spacing container (2);

(3), separator (1) is with fire-resistant oxidation resistant, at high temperature have the material of certain intensity to make, on slit or eyelet are arranged, when it is provided with in the certain angle scope of non-horizontal direction, can not escape to its opposite side no matter all can be blocked when being static or when mobile, and air can be smoothly contacts extensively with solid fuel by its slit or eyelet at the solid fuel of one side;

(4), can make or be combined into spacing container (2) by separator (1) earlier, be combined into isolated population (3) by one group of spacing container identical or inequality (2) again; Also can when being combined into one group of spacing container (2), be combined into isolated population (3) by one group of separator (1);

(5), spacing container (2) can make the usefulness of holding solid fuel, also can not make the usefulness of holding solid fuel and make the usefulness of air duct (4);

(6), the isolated population (3) of making or combining by separator (1) or spacing container (2), can make the solid fuel in the burner hearth respectively have the passage of many non-horizontal directions of oneself extensively to contact each other again with air, light solid fuel, the air in the air duct (4) just combines with red-hot solid fuel diffusion in the fuel channel (5) and combustion reaction takes place.

2, solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the wall of its separator (1) can be plane, folding face, curved surface or other forms of.

3, solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: slit on its separator (1) or eyelet can be arbitrary shapes.

4, solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: its separator (1), spacing container (2), isolated population (3) can be made recombinant by bulk-breaking, also can global formation, also can be directly and the burner hearth global formation of relevant stove and accessory.

5, solid-fuelled burner as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fuel moving direction of its solid fuel passage (5) can be from top to bottom, also can be designed to move from the bottom to top, air-flow direction in the air duct (4) can be from the bottom to top, also can be designed to from top to bottom flow.

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