CN2259553Y - Inforced heat transfer smokeless coal-saving vertical boiler - Google Patents
Inforced heat transfer smokeless coal-saving vertical boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN2259553Y CN2259553Y CN 96211374 CN96211374U CN2259553Y CN 2259553 Y CN2259553 Y CN 2259553Y CN 96211374 CN96211374 CN 96211374 CN 96211374 U CN96211374 U CN 96211374U CN 2259553 Y CN2259553 Y CN 2259553Y
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Abstract
The utility model provides a reinforced heat transfer smokeless coal-saving vertical boiler. The utility model adopts the structural form of a plurality of water pipes. A reinforced heat transfer structure is composed of convection pipe bundles which are composed of fin pipes, pipe bundles, and a reinforced heat transfer body which is arranged in a bow-shaped passage between boiler containers. A smokeless boiler hearth is composed of a circular boiler container, a tower-shaped fire grate, an annular boiler arch, secondary air, etc. The utility model can be burnt by hands, and the utility model can also use the piston upper feeding coal adding or lower feeding mechanical coal adding, and can burn bulk coal and briquette. Compared with the exiting boiler with double layer fire grate, the heat efficiency is higher than 10-15%, the coal saves 30-50%, the smoke elimination effect is good, the smokeless operation can be achieved by burning by hands, the output force is higher than one time, the miniaturization is realized, the structure is simple, and the operation is convenient.
Description
The utility model relates to a kind of New-type boiler, and particularly a kind of augmentation of heat transfer vertical boiler of smokelessly economizing on coal is adapted to artificial or machinery burns the coal that looses, and also adapts to burn moulded coal (coal briquette of being made by anthracite etc.).It is adapted to Industrial Boiler, low pressure and normal pressure boiler for domestic.
Existing vertical boiler mostly adopts many horizontal water tubes or big horizontal water tube structure, burns (just burning) or adopts double-layer grate back to burn with artificial coal passer.
By hand firing's boiler, the appellation handwarmer, it is with a long history, because simple in structure, easy to operate, versatility is wide, and obtains extensive use.But its thermal efficiency is low, and labour intensity is big, the chimney over-emitting black exhaust.Therefore along with industrial expansion, and to the attention of energy savings and environmental protection, the boiler of evaporation capacity more than when 1t/ all burns for mechanization and replaced.And on some bigger boilers, installed and used economizer, and to reduce exhaust gas temperature, improve boiler thermal output, received good result.Yet closely during the last ten years at miniature boiler particularly on the vertical boiler, attempt to replace hand to burn with the machinery burning, reach smoke abatement and dust control, and reduce exhaust gas temperature with increasing economizer (or waste-heated water-tank), the development test that improves the thermal efficiency does not but obtain satisfied effect, but also make vertical boiler unique simple structure, easy to operate, floor space is little etc., and advantage exhausts.The nearly double-grate boiler that grows up during the last ten years, though obtaining certain effect aspect the solution handwarmer over-emitting black exhaust, once extensively promoted, but owing to adopt anti-the burning, burning velocity is slow, boiler output generally is lower than below 70% of design, and necessary burned coal, the fireman urges vapour in order to drive fire away, has to often to disclose fire and colludes fire, in case soft coal (without doing the coal that slips) falls from upper grate, still can over-emitting black exhaust when burning on lower floor's fire grate.The two-layer up and down fire grate that has is coal simultaneously, and What is more, simply double-layer grate back is burnt just to change into and burns, as a result the general over-emitting black exhaust of double-grate boiler, just concentration difference.The furnace grate tube of double-grate boiler is heated strongly in addition, very easily damages, and its service life is on average only about 3 years according to statistics.The exhaust gas temperature of vertical boiler is generally higher; often reach more than 400 ℃; even surpass 500 ℃, and its thermal efficiency mostly is lower than 60%, and its that has is to being lower than the thermal efficiency that below 50%, therefore how to improve coal-fired vertical boiler; solve its over-emitting black exhaust; make soot emissions reach the standard that environmental protection allows, keep its floor space little again, simple structure; advantages such as maintenance and operation is convenient have just become boiler design and manufacturing a great problem anxious to be solved.
Can keep hand firing's hand to burn under the prerequisite of this straightforward procedure, perhaps adopt under the prerequisite of comparatively simple stoker feed, solve the problem of its over-emitting black exhaust.Can not increase boiler heating surface, keep under the simple prerequisite of boiler construction, big spoke degree ground reduces exhaust gas temperature, improve the thermal efficiency of boiler?
Task of the present utility model will provide a kind of artificial hand that adapts to burn the New-type boiler also be adapted to simple stoker feed, and particularly a kind of have remarkable smoke medicining dust-removing effect and an energy-efficient novel vertical boiler.Compare with existing hand-fired boiler, double-grate boiler, its major advantage is as follows:
1, having significant smoke medicining dust-removing effect, promptly is that oke exhaust blackness can reach the Lin Geman zero level basically, has realized smokeless combustion under the situation that artificial hand burns.And under the situation of not establishing deduster, dust content is less than 250 milligrams of/cube mark rice.
2, its burning velocity is instead burnt stove far above double-layer grate and other, and its wide adaptability is strong to the adaptability of coal.
3, ratio of combustion is more complete, and not only the fugitive constituent of coal obtains completing combustion, and stove quarrel carbon content reduces greatly, and its comparable existing similar boiler of exhaust gas temperature is low about 200 ℃ simultaneously, and the thermal efficiency improves 10～15%, and energy savings reaches 30～50%.
4, the utility model is not heated as the furnace grate tube of double-grate boiler and is easy to the parts that damage strongly, and whole burner hearth is heated more even, thus service life long several times of comparable double-grate boiler.
5, compare with boiler such as existing double-layer grate back burning, its volume is little, it is big to exert oneself, and realized the boiler miniaturization, can save steel more than 20～40%, and boiler is bigger, saves steel significantly.
Major defect of the present utility model is to need force ventilation, and during as if the employing gravity-flow ventilation, its smoke effect will be affected.
In order to illustrate how task of the present utility model is finished, and at first needs to illustrate the reason of handwarmer over-emitting black exhaust, and the low reason of the existing vertical boiler thermal efficiency.
1, the reason of handwarmer over-emitting black exhaust:
In the handwarmer combustion process, coal is intermittently to add burner hearth, after coal is thrown on the grate, owing to be subjected to the baking of red-hot grate below, be subjected to the radiation of high-temperature flue gas above, temperature rises rapidly, and fugitive constituent is sharply separated out, and at this moment needs a large amount of air to participate in burning, yet this moment is but because a large amount of new topped grate of coal, flowing resistance is increased greatly, and the air that is entered by the grate below reduces on the contrary, makes fugitive constituent air supply wretched insufficiency in combustion process, mix uneven with air in addition, cause anoxic in the combustion process, and produce cracking reaction, form and analyse charcoal.When opening the fire door coal, a large amount of cold wind enter burner hearth, and the cool degree of burner hearth water is bigger, impels fire box temperature lower, makes burning velocity slack-off, also can further aggravate to analyse charcoal in addition.Trickle charcoal particle is mixed in the flue gas, just becomes billowing black smoke and is discharged by chimney.After fugitive constituent had burnt substantially, coke took fire, because its burning velocity is slow, the needed air that burns significantly reduces, and at this moment the flowing resistance of grate diminishes on the contrary, makes the air supply superfluous greatly.A large amount of cold wind pass grate and enter burner hearth, are heated the back and discharge with flue gas, have taken away heat, cause the increase of flue gas loss again.Handwarmer coal each time all will repeat said process, becomes periodically, this shows not only contaminated environment of handwarmer over-emitting black exhaust, and wastes energy.
2, the existing low reason of the vertical boiler thermal efficiency:
Existing vertical boiler mostly adopts many horizontal water tubes version, arranges deficiency because of heat-transfer area that except that the simple and easy boiler of minority most of boiler heat-transfer faces arrange and be many that the heat transfer area of arranging by evaporation capacity per ton converts, mostly at 50m
2About, what have reaches 60m
2, be higher than the layout level of horizontal boiler heat-transfer area far away.But why is the thermal efficiency of vertical boiler generally lower? its main cause is that flue gas is too low at the flow velocity in convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection district, only 1～2m/ is about second, simultaneously flue gas two cross sections between convection bank and flue are short circuit the arc passage, influenced heat-transfer effect, cause heat contained in the flue gas fully just not absorbed by boiler and be discharged from, cause exhaust gas temperature too high, flue gas loss is excessive, coal burning is incomplete in addition, so the thermal efficiency is not high.
Getting in touch above-mentioned analysis, is making the following instructions of how finishing to task of the present utility model.
1, about eliminating the measure of black smoke and dedusting
When having a rest coal break when choosing, after coal added burner hearth, control the precipitation process of fugitive constituent on the one hand, fugitive constituent is separated out sharp at short notice in a large number, but in the blanking time of twice coal, continuously separate out more equably, to weaken greatly owing to artificial intermittently coal, to the periodicity harmful effect that combustion process caused, burning for fugitive constituent provides sufficient air on the other hand, and air is fully mixed with fugitive constituent, burning for fugitive constituent simultaneously provides suitable furnace cavity and higher fire box temperature, just can make fugitive constituent obtain completing combustion, thereby reaches the purpose of eliminating black smoke.
Chamber design of the present utility model is become a vertical dust removing device, can from flue gas, separate through bigger ickings, dust grain, to realize dedusting in stove.The elimination of above-mentioned black smoke simultaneously can significantly reduce the content of floating dust in the flue gas, thereby can make the utility model under the situation of not establishing deduster, makes soot emissions reach the standard of environmental protection defined.
2, about improving the measure of boiler thermal output
The measure that the utility model improves boiler thermal output comprises two aspects: the one, take the augmentation of heat transfer structure, and improve heat-transfer effect, reduce exhaust gas temperature, reduce flue gas loss; The 2nd, impel fuel completing combustion, to reduce the gas incomplete combustion loss and the solid incomplete combustion loss of coal.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing concrete structure of the present utility model and principle are described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the present utility model schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of Fig. 1 along A-A line.
Fig. 3 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of Fig. 1 along B-B line.
Fig. 4 is the vertical section enlarged diagram of fire grate device.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view after fire grate device takes off tower-shape fire bar.
Fig. 6 is the vertical section schematic diagram of individual layer annular fire grate.
Fig. 7 is the cross section enlarged drawing of extended surface tube.
Fig. 3 is the cross section enlarged drawing of water droplet shape extended surface tube.
Fig. 9 is the cross section enlarged drawing of water droplet shape shape tube.
Figure 10 is the vertical section partial enlarged drawing of augmentation of heat transfer body.
Figure 11 is a kind of vertical section partial enlarged drawing of augmentation of heat transfer body of designs simplification.
Figure 12 is that the utility model adopts the partial schematic diagram that manually pushes away coal piston coal supply apparatus.
Figure 13 is the partial schematic diagram that the utility model adopts upper feeding type stoker feed device.
Figure 14 is the partial schematic diagram that the utility model adopts lower feeding stoker feed device.
With reference to Fig. 1, the utility model adopts vertical many tranverse water tube boilers version, boiler is by shell (3), end socket (1), flue (5), flue top (4), impact tube (2), burner hearth (9), convection bank (6), wall with refractory lining, refracto (12), augmentation of heat transfer body (7), annular chimney arch (8), and critical pieces such as ash bin (19), overfire air device and fire grate device are formed.Below only do more detailed explanation with regard to the related smoke abatement and dust control of the utility model special construction and the principle thereof different with existing boiler with the augmentation of heat transfer aspect.
1, the concrete structure of the utility model smoke abatement and dust control and action principle
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, in a burner hearth that constitutes by the cylindrical shape flue (9), its top is provided with the annular chimney arch of constructing with refractory material (8), the bottom is lined with the wall with refractory lining, refracto of constructing with refractory material (12), the bottom is a fire grate device, and overfire air device is established at the burner hearth middle part, and four (or two) secondary air channels (10) are arranged, it passes flue and shell communicates with annular passage (11), and the center line of several secondary air channels is all tangent with an imaginary circle (28) at burner hearth center.The outside of annular passage is provided with ajutage (27).The secondary wind that is provided by air blast will form strong whirlwind in burner hearth after ajutage, annular passage, secondary air channel enter burner hearth.Chamber structure arranges that like this its effect has two: the one, in order to reduce the furnace water cooling degree, to improve fire box temperature; The 2nd, make burner hearth become a vertical dust removing device.
Primary and secondary air is provided by same air blast.One time wind enters ash bin through ajutage, air inlet (20), is upward through fire grate again, grate enters burner hearth, with overheavy firing.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, fire grate device is made up of tower-shape fire bar (13) and annular dead grate (15) and annular drop grate (14) etc.Tower-shape fire bar is positioned at central authorities, it is by from big to small stacked the forming of truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (33) one by one, between two adjacent cast iron circles, leave ventilation gap (34), the top of tower-shape fire bar is a top cover of being made by heat-resisting cast iron (32), and the center of tower-shape fire bar is provided with the vertical pivot (35) of a steel.Tower-shape fire bar is placed on the ad hoc support (38) of cast iron annular dead grate (15), support is provided with a centre bore (40), and the vertical pivot of tower-shape fire bar just assigns into wherein, and can slide up and down, push the outer end (36) of lifting lever (17), the other end can be by vertical pivot with tower-shape fire bar jack-up.After unclamping lifting lever, tower-shape fire bar will fall by deadweight.The annular dead grate is installed in the fire grate holder (16).On annular dead grate, annular drop grate (14) is installed, by shaking crank (24), through fulcrum (22), pull bar (23) can drive annular drop grate and make rotary oscillation.The structure and the size of annular dead grate and annular drop grate are basic identical, all by outer ring (41), and the disc (43) and the air vent formations such as (44) of inner lane (42) and the about circle of connection.Their outer ring height, inner lane is low, and its upper surface is infundibulate.When boiler normally moved, the air vent of two-layer annular fire grate staggered mutually up and down, can constitute a fire grate that does not leak coal.
Tower-shape fire bar can lifting, the annular fire grate can rotary oscillation, and the high outside and low outside infundibulate that is of annular fire grate upper surface has following effects: the one, during prepurging tower-shape fire bar is risen, shake annular fire grate and make rotary oscillation, stove quarrel on the annular fire grate is rolled to the center along the slope, after tower-shape fire bar rises and the space that forms between annular fire grate, tumble in the ash bin at last; The 2nd, when burning binding coal, grate can ventilate in the coking influence, and by several lifting levers down, it is up and down that tower-shape fire bar is done gently, can be with the coking fragmentation, and making ventilates recovers normal; The 3rd, drive tower-shape fire bar and do vibrations gently, can fall the shake of the coal at top coking on the grate of tower-shape fire bar side, collude pushing and needn't open fire door with stove.
The gradient of tower-shape fire bar (13) (angle of circular cone side bus and bottom surface) generally should be between 40 °～70 °, the gradient of each truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (33) is preferably between 20 °～35 °, ventilation gap (34) between the two adjacent cast iron circles can be selected between 5～20mm, and the width of truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle should make between the two adjacent cast iron circles and to keep not leaking coal and be advisable.
With reference to Fig. 6 annular fire grate can be double-deck, also can be individual layer.When adopting individual layer annular fire grate (46), want the support towers fire grate above it, be placed in below in the fire grate holder, and can make rotary oscillation thereon.The fire grate holder can be the support plate of fixing, and slides thereon when annular fire grate is made rotary oscillation.When the diameter dimension of annular fire grate is bigger, when relatively heavier, the fire grate holder also can be adopted the roller type supporting form of being made up of roller (47) wheel shaft (48) and fixed cover (49), the resistance when reducing annular fire grate rotary oscillation.
Ash bin (19) is located at the bottom of boiler, be provided with ash door (21), a wind air inlet (20) on ash bin, the fulcrum block of tower-shape fire bar lifting lever (37), the fulcrum block (39) that drives annular fire grate revolution crank and a support (16) of annular fire grate all are fixed on the ash bin.
Burn operation below with reference to artificial hand, the operation principle of the utility model smoke abatement and dust control is described
(1) the utility model is eliminated the principle of black smoke
When artificial hand burns, opening fire door is added in coal on the top cover of tower-shape fire bar, because it is seamless on the top cover of tower-shape fire bar, air proof, dump amass on it and can not burn, and only the surface of dump is subjected to the radiation of high-temperature flue gas, temperature from outward appearance to inner essence improves gradually, therefore separating out also of fugitive constituent begun to develop to deep layer gradually by the surface, and the precipitation process of fugitive constituent is slower, can be extended to coal for the second time always.Burnt by the formed grate of coal through destructive distillation in side at tower-shape fire bar, though each coal has a small amount of coal to scatter on it, by red-hot grate baking, fugitive constituent is sharply separated out burning, but the factor amount is few, influence to whole burner hearth is less, simultaneously because the slump of the gradient of tower-shape fire bar side and coal is more approaching, the grate thickness distribution is more even, and the ventilation gap of tower-shape fire bar is and is arranged vertically, after tumbling on the grate from cat head, can not stop up in coal the ventilation gap of fire grate, therefore the flowing resistance of grate can obviously not increase because of the adding of new coal, it is corresponding more stable that wind is supplied, thereby can guarantee coke and the new needed air of coal combustion of part on the grate.Coal is heated on tower-shape fire bar top and side grate, fugitive constituent is separated out the back and is risen with flue gas, vertical the meeting of secondary wind with the burner hearth middle part, secondary wind both provided sufficient air for the burning of fugitive constituent, the whirlwind that while is formed by secondary wind, can impel air and fugitive constituent to be uniformly mixed, thereby guarantee that fugitive constituent obtains completing combustion.To be deposited at regular intervals the tower-shape fire bar top the coal of destructive distillation push away, allow it on the grate of tower-shape fire bar side, burn, and then dose new coal toward the top of tower-shape fire bar.Unburnt coke is slipped to along the slope of tower-shape fire bar side and does last after-flame on the annular fire grate.Rotate annular fire grate and can make that aphlogistic ash content and stove quarrel falls into ash bin in the coal, make a fire as stated above and can realize smokeless combustion substantially.
(2), the principle of the utility model dedusting
1. as mentioned above, the utility model is eliminated the effect of black smoke, in fact has part dedusting effect, has particularly eliminated by the formed floating dust of carbon black pellet.
2. as previously mentioned, a columnar burner hearth, the top is an annular chimney arch, and by the strong whirlwind that secondary wind forms in burner hearth, burner hearth has been constituted a vertical dust removing device, the ickings of carrying secretly in the flue gas, dust are in the flue gas uphill process, after being involved in whirlwind, the centrifugal force by sole mass produced will be thrown toward the whirlwind edge, after losing speed, will fall on the grate with the flue contact friction.Make dust, ickings can be with flue gas the centre bore effusion burner hearth by annular chimney arch together, thereby realized dedusting in stove.
2, the concrete structure of the utility model augmentation of heat transfer and action principle
(1), with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 7, the utility model adopts many horizontal water tubes convection bank (6), convection bank adopts the extended surface tube (50) by the flue gas transversal flow to be staggered arrangement.But the extended surface tube extrusion modling also can be welded with seamless steel pipe (51) and low charcoal steel fin (52) by plain cylindrical furnace.Adopt the extended surface tube of flue gas transversal flow to do convection bank, the comparable light pipe of its convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection effect (pipe of no fin) is high by about 40%.
With reference to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, convection bank also can be adopted the extended surface tube (53) or the water droplet shape shape tube (54) of water droplet shape, and the transverse shape of water drop shaped tube is similar to the water droplet of free-falling in air, is streamlined.(following sub-circular, above pointed).But the extrusion modling of water drop shaped tube, water droplet shape extended surface tube is provided with fin below water droplet shape shape tube.Adopt water drop shaped tube or water droplet shape extended surface tube not only can strengthen convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection, and can reduce flue gas resistance, can solve the convection bank of many horizontal water tubes simultaneously and be easy to the dust stratification blocking problem.
(2), with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Figure 10 and Figure 11, between convection bank (6) and flue (5) in formed two arc exhaust gases passes (31), it is similar to arcuate channel that shape of cross section is set, the augmentation of heat transfer body (7) that size is less, it is welded by heat-resisting steel sheet and plate or corrosion resistant plate, also available heat-resisting cast iron casting, also can make of fire clay or refractory concrete, surface, the vertical section undulate of augmentation of heat transfer body makes the exhaust gases passes (29) that is constituted between its one side adjacent with flue and flue be expansion and alternately changes with contraction.One side adjacent with tube bank has with convection bank and arranges corresponding waveform projection (55), to stop the flue gas short circuit.The augmentation of heat transfer body is located in arc flue by supporting bracket (26) and support bar (30).
The effect that the augmentation of heat transfer body is set has following three aspects:
1. in order to prevent flue gas, improve flue gas flow rate, to improve the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection effect of flue gas to convection bank and flue by the arcuate channel short circuit.
2. strengthen radiant heat transfer in the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection district.Be subjected to be heated by high-temperature flue gas in the sweep of gases process in the augmentation of heat transfer surface, temperature is increased near the cigarette temperature, when its temperature is higher than boiler heating surface, has just become a heat radiator, by radiation heat is passed to contiguous flue and convection bank.The augmentation of heat transfer body obtains heat by convection current like this from flue gas, by radiation heat is passed to boiler again.Thereby played the effect of strengthening radiant heat transfer in the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection district.
3. strengthen the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection of flue gas to flue, augmentation of heat transfer body and flue facing surfaces undulate make exhaust gases passes between it and the flue be expansion and change with shrinking alternately, its role is to strengthen convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection.Why it can strengthen convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection, is because the strong vortex that flue gas is produced when flowing through expansion segment has obtained effective utilization, thereby strengthened heat transfer when being brought to contraction section.In this external contraction section since flue gas when flowing through constricted channel speed increase, make corresponding the increasing of flow velocity in the boundary layer, thereby also strengthened heat-transfer effect, alternately change in the passage in expansion that is made of the waveform surface and contraction, the convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection amount of flue gas is comparable high by 55～70% in the parallel flue that is made of flat board.
With reference to Figure 10, the concrete structure on augmentation of heat transfer body (7) waveform surface should make the angle of the expansion segment that constituted and contraction section can produce unsettled segregation phenomenon for suitable when flue gas flows through.General angle of flare α
1, should between 10 °～30 °, select, and angle of flare α
1Should be greater than angle of throat α
2, waveform rising height h and the ratio h/b of flue width b decide on flue, can select between 0.2～0.5.The ratio t/h of the pitch t between two wave projections and the height h of wave projection should select between 5～10.
With reference to Figure 11, when augmentation of heat transfer body and function heat-resisting steel sheet and plate is made, during because of equipment deficiency difficult forming, also can adopt at arc (56) welding rib (57), fill refractory concrete (58), make its surface be approximate waveform.And, make its surperficial undulate projection in dull and stereotyped (59) the last way that adopts welding angle type rib (60).
For improving the radiant heat transfer effect of augmentation of heat transfer body, should be at the high materials of radiation coefficient such as external coating carborundum of augmentation of heat transfer body.
The utility model both can adopt by manually passing through intermittently coal-adding type of fire door with spade to the burner hearth coal time, also can adopt by manpower and use the intermittently mode of coal of coal piston that pushes away.Employing pushes away the mode of coal piston coal, must open the harmful effect that fire door produces in the time of can exempting each coal, also coal can be added to exactly the top of tower-shape fire bar simultaneously, thereby improves smoke effect.
With reference to Figure 12, when the utility model adopts by artificial promotion piston coal, its concrete structure is as follows: in the boiler outside coal bunker made from steel plate (62) is set, contain coal in it, the coal groove (61) that coal bunker following square with one (or circular) made by heat-resisting cast iron links to each other, it passes shell, flue extend in the burner hearth, and its end is positioned on the top of tower-shape fire bar, is provided with to push away coal piston (63) in the coal groove.Push-and-pull lever (66) can drive by fulcrum (65), connecting rod (64) that to push away the coal piston reciprocating in the coal groove.When outside pulling piston, the coal of coal bunker will fall in the coal groove, and when promoting piston inwards, coal just moves in burner hearth along the coal groove, falls until the end place of coal groove, scatters on the top of tower-shape fire bar.
The utility model both can adopt hand firing's hand to burn, and also can adopt stoker feed.When adopting stoker feed, both the upper feeding type coal can be adopted, also the lower feeding coal can be adopted.
With reference to Figure 13, when on the utility model adopts, raising stoker feed, burner hearth and fire grate structure and handwarmer are basic identical, and upper feeding type coal machinery also adopts the piston firing machine, and the piston type firing machine structure that it and above-mentioned manpower promote is roughly the same, all by coal bunker (62), coal groove (61) and push away coal piston compositions such as (63), the reciprocating motion that just pushes away the coal piston is by motor (69), through reduction box (68), crank (67) and connecting rod (64) drive, and promptly serially coal are added on the tower-shape fire bar.
With reference to Figure 14, when the utility model adopted the lower feeding coal, its burner hearth and fire grate structure and handwarmer were roughly the same, and only tower-shape fire bar does not have top cover, as the coal outlet (71) of lower feeding coal.The screw coal conveyer that the machinery that the lower feeding coal is adopted and existing underfeed stoker row is adopted is basic identical, and it is by coal bunker (62), horizontal coal chute (72), vertical coal chute (70) and be installed in defeated coal screw rod compositions such as (73) in the horizontal coal chute.Defeated coal screw rod is driven through decelerator (74) by motor (75).The outside that tower-shape fire bar (13) is enclosed within vertical coal chute (70) can slide up and down, and by driving tower-shape fire bar lifting lever (17), can make tower-shape fire bar along vertical coal chute lifting, so that deashing removes quarrel and broken burnt.
When defeated coal screw rod was rotated counterclockwise motion, the coal in the coal bunker was just promoted by defeated coal screw rod, and along horizontal coal chute, vertical coal chute moves, and by coal outlet coal is added on the tower-shape fire bar at last.
Of particular note, the utility model has significant difference with existing underfeed stoker row when adopting the lower feeding coal, and existing underfeed stoker row belongs to anti-burning, though and the utility model adopts the lower feeding coal, coal is just to burn on fire grate.
Existing underfeed stoker row is owing to instead burn, and ignition condition is poor, and coal is subjected to the restriction of ignition condition, so cry limited burning.Because ignition condition is poor, the coal that uses and the granular size of coal all there is strict restriction, the general only suitable fugitive constituent V that burns
yLittle caking coal of 〉=30%, and the granular size of coal is moderate, the coal of catching fire for difficulty (few, caloric value is low, ash is many, moisture content is many) bad adaptability as fugitive constituent.The coal that coking capacity is strong, the coal that ash fusion point is low is also incompatible, and also incompatibility uses the ickings conny of particle diameter less than 6mm simultaneously, even ickings content is also incompatible greater than a certain proportion of raw coal, and this has just limited its application greatly.
Yet because coal just burns, though it has lower feeding coal supply advantage of simple structure, there is not the anti-shortcoming of burning of underfeed stoker row in the utility model on fire grate when adopting the lower feeding coal.It has the advantage of just burning the unlimited burning of fire grate.It is extensive not only to adapt to coal, and can obtain higher fire grate thermic load, thereby helps realizing the miniaturization of combustion apparatus and boiler.
Claims (15)
1, a kind of New-type boiler, particularly a kind of augmentation of heat transfer vertical boiler of smokelessly economizing on coal, adopt vertical many tranverse water tube boilers version, by shell (3), end socket (1), flue (5), flue top (4) burner hearth (9), convection bank (6), wall with refractory lining, refracto (12), augmentation of heat transfer body (7), annular chimney arch (8), overfire air device, compositions such as fire grate device is characterized in that:
A, described burner hearth (9) are cylindrical shape, and its top is provided with annular chimney arch (8), and the bottom is lined with the wall with refractory lining, refracto of constructing with refractory material (12),
The convection bank of many horizontal water tubes is adopted in b, described convection bank (6), is to adopt to be made up of the extended surface tube (50) of flue gas transversal flow, is staggered arrangement,
C, described augmentation of heat transfer body (7), it is to be welded by heat-resisting steel sheet and plate or corrosion resistant plate, also available heat-resisting cast iron casting, also can make of fire clay or refractory concrete, it is arranged between convection bank (6) and the flue (5) cross section that constitutes and is in the arc exhaust gases passes (31), and its cross section is similar to arcuate channel, and size is less, surface, its vertical section undulate makes exhaust gases passes (29) between it and the flue be expansion and changes with shrinking alternately.One side adjacent with tube bank has with convection bank and arranges corresponding waveform projection (55),
D, described fire grate device are made up of tower-shape fire bar (13) and annular dead grate (15) and annular drop grate (14),
E, described overfire air device, being located at the burner hearth middle part is made up of annular passage (11) and four (or two) secondary air channel institutes such as (10), secondary air channel passes flue, shell communicates with annular passage (11), the center line of several secondary air channels is all tangent with an imaginary circle (28) at burner hearth center, the secondary wind that is provided by air blast will form strong whirlwind in the stove hall after annular passage, secondary air channel enter burner hearth.
2, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that convection bank (6) also can adopt water droplet shape shape tube (54) to form, the cross section shape of water drop shaped tube is similar to the water droplet of free-falling in air, is streamlined (sub-circular below it, above pointed).
3, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that convection bank (6) also can adopt water droplet shape extended surface tube (53), water droplet shape extended surface tube is provided with fin below water droplet shape shape tube.
4, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that the augmentation of heat transfer body also can adopt at the last welding of arc (56) rib (57), fill refractory concrete (58) and make its surface be approximate waveform, and go up welding angle type rib (60), make its surperficial undulate projection in dull and stereotyped (59).
5, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that on the surface of augmentation of heat transfer body should the brushing carborundum etc. the high material of radiation coefficient.
6, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that the concrete structure on augmentation of heat transfer body (7) waveform surface, general angle of flare α 1 should select between 10 °～30 °, and the angle of flare should be greater than angle of throat α 2.The ratio h/b of waveform rising height h and flue width b can select between 0.2～0.5, and pitch t between two waveform projections and the ratio t/h of waveform rising height h should be between 5～10.
7, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that tower-shape fire bar (13) is by from big to small stacked the forming of truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (33) one by one, between two adjacent cast iron circles, leave ventilation gap (34), the tower-shape fire bar top is the top cover (32) that a conical heat-resisting cast iron is made, and the center of tower-shape fire bar is provided with the vertical pivot (35) of a steel.
8, by the described boiler of claim 1, the gradient (angle of circular cone side bus and bottom surface) that it is characterized in that tower-shape fire bar (13) generally should be between 40 °～70 °, the gradient of each truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (33) is preferably between 20 °～35 °, and the ventilation gap of two adjacent cast iron circles (34) can be between 5～20mm.
9, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that on annular dead grate (15), being installed with annular drop grate (14),, can drive annular fire grate through fulcrum (22) pull bar (23) and make rotary oscillation by shaking crank (24).
10, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that the structure of annular drop grate and annular dead grate and size are basic identical, all by about disc (43) and the air vent formations such as (44) of enclosing of outer ring (41), inner lane (42) and connection.Their outer ring height, inner lane are low, its upper surface is infundibulate.
11, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that annular dead grate (15) has an ad hoc support (38), support is provided with a centre bore (40), and tower-shape fire bar (13) is laid on it, the vertical pivot at tower-shape fire bar center, just assign in the centre bore, and can slide up and down therein, push the outer end (36) of the lifting lever (17) of tower-shape fire bar, the other end can be by vertical pivot with tower-shape fire bar jack-up, after unclamping lifting lever, the tower-shape fire bar change can fall by deadweight.
12, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that annular fire grate also can be an individual layer, when adopting individual layer annular fire grate (46), support towers fire grate above it is placed in the fire grate holder below, and can make rotary oscillation thereon.
13, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that, also can adopt manpower to promote the mode of piston coal to the burner hearth coal.Be provided with the coal bunker (62) that a steel plate is made in the boiler outside, the coal groove (61) that square with one below (or circular) made by heat-resisting cast iron links to each other, it passes shell, flue extend in the burner hearth, and its end is positioned on the top of tower-shape fire bar, is provided with to push away coal piston (63) in the coal groove.Push-and-pull lever (66) can drive by fulcrum (65), connecting rod (64) that to push away the coal piston reciprocating in the coal groove, thereby coal can be added on the tower-shape fire bar.
14, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that also can adopting the upper feeding type stoker feed to the burner hearth coal, upper feeding type coal machinery can adopt the piston type coal supply apparatus, and it pushes away coal piston (63) etc. by coal bunker (62), coal groove (61) and forms.The reciprocating motion that pushes away the coal piston is driven through reduction box (68), crank (67) and connecting rod (64) by motor (69).Piston is done constantly to move back and forth and coal will be added on the fire grate continuously in the coal groove.
15, by the described boiler of claim 1, it is characterized in that also can adopting the lower feeding stoker feed to the burner hearth coal, coal machinery adopts the general spiral coal conveyor of existing underfeed stoker row, and it is by the vertical coal chute (70) of the horizontal coal chute of coal bunker (62) (72) and be installed in defeated coal screw rod (73) in the horizontal coal chute etc. and form.Defeated coal screw rod is driven through decelerator (74) by motor (75).When adopting the lower feeding coal, tower-shape fire bar does not have top cover, and becomes coal outlet (71), and tower-shape fire bar is enclosed within on the vertical coal chute, can slide up and down, and drives the lifting lever of tower-shape fire bar, can make tower-shape fire bar rise or fall along vertical coal chute.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96211374 CN2259553Y (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1996-05-20 | Inforced heat transfer smokeless coal-saving vertical boiler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96211374 CN2259553Y (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1996-05-20 | Inforced heat transfer smokeless coal-saving vertical boiler |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2259553Y true CN2259553Y (en) | 1997-08-13 |
Family
ID=33894321
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 96211374 Expired - Fee Related CN2259553Y (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1996-05-20 | Inforced heat transfer smokeless coal-saving vertical boiler |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2259553Y (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108266738A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-10 | 储昭汉 | A kind of municipal administration environment-friendly type crank squash type leaf incinerator |
| CN112121553A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-25 | 刘思达 | High-efficiency environment-friendly coal-fired power generation device |
-
1996
- 1996-05-20 CN CN 96211374 patent/CN2259553Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108266738A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-10 | 储昭汉 | A kind of municipal administration environment-friendly type crank squash type leaf incinerator |
| CN112121553A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-25 | 刘思达 | High-efficiency environment-friendly coal-fired power generation device |
| CN112121553B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-02-25 | 烟台亿通生物能源有限公司 | High-efficiency environment-friendly coal-fired power generation device |
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| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |