CN201715494U - Direct combustor for petroleum coke - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a direct combustor for petroleum coke comprising a hopper, a fire grate, an air compartment, a pomace draining channel, wherein the rotation of the fire grate is driven by a driving shaft and a driven shaft, the upside front wall being provided with a front arch, the backwall being provided with a rear arch; wherein the pomace draining channel is disposed between the fire grate and the backwall; wherein a plurality of air compartments are arranged below the fire grate; wherein the hopper is disposed outside the front wall; wherein the hopper is provided with a sorting sieve inside; wherein the lower space of a sorting baffle plate is divided into two parts, namely a coarse materials case and a fine materials case; wherein the coarse materials case is provided with a coarse plate brake for controlling discharging speed below; wherein the fine materials case is provided with a fine materials plate brake for controlling discharging speed below; wherein the air supply system of the air compartment is also provided with a air pre-heater. The utility model can be applied widely to boiler combustion apparatuses, combined with simple structure, easy ignition, and high combustion efficiency.

Description

Petroleum coke direct burner

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of petroleum coke direct burner.

Background technology

Along with economic development, China's energy-consuming sharply rises.From 1978 to 2008, China energy-consuming increased near 6 times, energy demand just with unprecedented, sharply increase far above the speed of GDP growth, and huge population makes various conventional energy resource resource occupancy volume per persons far below world standard.Interrelated data shows that only 2163 cubic metres of China's water resources ownership per capitas are 1/4th of world average level; The reserves per capita of oil are also lower.The excessively rapid growth of energy-consuming, make the external interdependency increase of the energy one by one the export of coal amount decline to a great extent, approach zero, the external interdependency of oil reaches more than 50% especially, this has a strong impact on Chinese energy safety.From consumption structure, China is still based on coal and oil, and accounting surpasses 85% in primary energy.According to the comparison of energy resource structure and different cultivars, coal conversion efficient is minimum in all primary energy.China's efficiency of energy utilization is in backward status in international comparison, and the mode of production of domestic extensive style has been aggravated the low problem of energy transformation efficiency once more, makes domestic energy transformation efficiency far below the international average level.Clean energy resource is used not enough, and environmental pollution is serious.In addition, coal is the pollutant discharge amount maximum in various energy resources, and it is the major reason that causes Domestic Environment to pollute that its vast scale uses.Incomplete statistics, sulfur dioxide that domestic fire coal causes and smoke discharge amount account for the 70-80% of total emission volumn, and wherein the acid rain area of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions formation accounts for 1/3rd of area.The per capita resources relative deficiency, the low and energy consumption per unit of output value height of energy consumption per capita, the energy security problem highlights, and energy resource structure falls behind, and burning coal in a large number, to cause serious atmosphere pollution be the severe challenge that China's energy supply and demand is faced with.

In the face of a series of energy problems, tapping a new source of energy, replace the energy is one of effective ways.The petroleum coke that development in recent years is got up is exactly well to select.

Petroleum coke is the accessory substance of the feedstock oil cracking at high temperature of delayed coking unit when producing light-end products.Being the hard solid of black or lead, having metallic luster, be porous, is to form the charcoal body thing that granular, column or needle-like constitute by small graphite crystallization.Structure and profile according to petroleum coke can be divided into needle coke, sponge coke and shot coke, and wherein needle coke has tangible acicular texture and fiber pattern, and production technology and raw material are all had specific (special) requirements, is mainly used in the high power graphite electrode of producing electric furnace steel making; Sponge coke chemism height, impurity content are low, are mainly used in aluminum smelting industry and carbon industry; Shot coke generally is that industries such as being used for generating, cement can only act as a fuel by high-sulfur, high bitum residual oil production.The petroleum coke component is a hydrocarbon, carbon containing 90-97%, and hydrogeneous 1.5-8% also contains nitrogen, chlorine, sulphur and heavy metal compound.The output of petroleum coke is about the 25-30% of feedstock oil.Its low heat valve is about 1.5-2 times of coal, and content of ashes is not more than 0.5%, and volatile matter is about about 11%, and quality approaches anthracite.

Transportation, industrial production Fuel Demand increase, and reasons such as crude quality variation make the petroleum coke output of oil plant also continue to rise.And the application of using petroleum coke to act as a fuel at present is not general, petroleum coke fuel market is in that supply exceed demand state.Calorific value height, output are big, have determined petroleum coke to base oneself upon the great potential of fuel market.But because petroleum coke phosphorus content height, volatile matter are few, burning with conventional chain-grate boiler might the Yin Wendu deficiency and ignition difficulties, and the dryer section before the burning increases, and causes the primary zone, back too short, and fuel cannot obtain completing combustion, thermal efficiency reduction.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the petroleum coke direct burner of provide a kind of and easily catch fire, efficiency of combustion is higher, and concrete technical scheme is as follows.

A kind of petroleum coke direct burner comprises hopper, fire grate, air compartment and slag extracting channel, and described fire grate is driven by driving shaft, driven shaft and rotates; Establish face arch on the front wall of fire grate top, establish rear arch on the back wall, described slag extracting channel is between described fire grate and described back wall, described fire grate below is provided with several described air compartments, described hopper is located at outside the described front wall, is provided with sizing screen in the described hopper, and described sizing screen is divided into inclination sub-material baffle plate; Described sub-material baffle plate is divided into two parts with the lower space of hopper, is respectively coarse fodder case and fines case; Described coarse fodder case below is provided with the coarse fodder plate lock that is used to control blanking velocity, and described fines case below is provided with the fines plate lock that is used to control blanking velocity.

In the above-mentioned petroleum coke direct burner, described air compartment is provided with supply air system, and supply air system has air preheater.

In the above-mentioned petroleum coke direct burner, the supply air system of described air compartment has airflow regulating switch.

In the above-mentioned petroleum coke direct burner, described face arch is higher than described rear arch, and face arch length is less than rear arch length, and the angle of inclination of rear arch is less than the angle of inclination of face arch.

In the above-mentioned petroleum coke direct burner, the air channel of the flue of described air preheater and boiler and the blower fan of boiler communicates.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are: the utility model utilizes stratified combustion, by described sizing screen petroleum coke particles is pressed the granular size particle separation, the bulky grain petroleum coke enters described coarse fodder case, granule enters described fines case, and by described coarse fodder plate lock, the whereabouts of fines plate lock control particle, make the bulky grain petroleum coke fall earlier on the described fire grate, along with advancing of described fire grate, the granule petroleum coke is fallen bulky grain petroleum coke top again, thereby form up-small and down-big spread pattern, the granule fuel of upper strata burning is easily risen by a wind, forms tall and big flame, help down radiation delivery of heat, enlarge the combustion zone, or taken up by flue gas and to project on the virgin material of upstream, can promote catching fire of virgin material to light, make the primary zone in advance, lower floor is a bulky grain simultaneously, and the intergranular space is bigger, and flowing resistance is less, not only be beneficial to burning, also reduce the danger of leaking material; Face arch described in the utility model is higher, described rear arch is long and low, can promote high-temperature flue gas to be directed into preceding wall zone, and stop the long period, quicken the intensification of new blanking and light, described rear arch angle is more flat, make flue gas have component velocity more forward, impel it to flow on the anterior fuel bed of grate enhanced rad heat more, promote petroleum coke fire burns, the flue gas band the red-hot petroleum coke particles in upper strata, combustion zone and is scattered the anterior fuel bed of grate and make also that virgin material is easier and lighted simultaneously; The utility model supply air system has air preheater, and the preceding flue gas of primary air elder generation and discharging of sending into described air compartment is carried out heat exchange, improves the initial temperature of primary air, helps fuel to light sooner; Adopt the utility model burner to carry out the burning of petroleum coke, compare with conventional chain-grate boiler, ignition point shifts to an earlier date, and fuel has wider zone to burn, and makes petroleum coke particles fully to burn, and reduces boiler slag carbon content, improves efficiency of combustion; So the utlity model has easily catch fire, characteristics that efficiency of combustion is high.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the burnt directly structural representation of burner of specific embodiment PetroChina Company Limited..

Fig. 2 is the air preheater work schematic diagram figure of boiler in the embodiment.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing concrete enforcement of the present utility model is described further, but enforcement of the present utility model and protection domain are not limited thereto.

As shown in Figure 1, the utility model comprises hopper 1, fire grate 11, air compartment 12, slag extracting channel 13, and described fire grate 11 is driven and rotated by driving shaft 7, driven shaft 14, establishes face arch 9 on the front wall of top, establishes rear arch 10 on the back wall, for promoting the fuel fire burning; Described face arch 9 is higher, described rear arch 10 is long and low, angle is more flat, simultaneously for bearing high-temperature flue gas and red-hot burning particles, described face arch 9, rear arch 10 uses heat-resisting, high-abrasive material, described slag extracting channel 13 is between described fire grate 11 and described back wall, described air compartment 12 has several, be positioned at described fire grate 11 belows, described hopper 1 is located at outside the described front wall, be provided with sizing screen 2 in the described hopper 1, described sizing screen 2 is divided into the sub-material baffle plate 3 that movably tilts, described sub-material baffle plate 3 lower space are divided into two parts, are respectively coarse fodder casees 4, fines case 8, described coarse fodder case have the coarse fodder plate lock 5 of control blanking velocity for 4 times, described fines case has the fines plate lock 6 of control blanking velocity for 8 times, described air compartment 12 has airflow regulating switch, carries out air output and regulates, and supply air system also has air preheater 16, as shown in Figure 2, described air preheater 16 and flue 15, the air channel of blower fan 17 communicates, and flue gas is carried out recuperation of heat before discharging, improves the air initial temperature simultaneously.Flue is through waste heat recovery, and waste gas carries out dedusting through 18 pairs of flue gases of dust pelletizing system, discharges through exhaust opening 19 then.

The running of this petroleum coke direct burner is as follows: fresh fuel is sent to described hopper 1, sieve by the 2 based on fuel granular sizes of sizing screen described in the described hopper 1, granule fuel spills from the slit of described sizing screen 2, this moment, described sub-material baffle plate 3 placed described coarse fodder case 4 tops, sealed the passage that enters described coarse fodder case 4, granule fuel all enters described fines case 8 under the gradient of described sub-material baffle plate 3, described then sub-material baffle plate 3 is put described fines case 8 tops, described sizing screen 2 is sent macro particles fuel to described coarse fodder case 4, macro particles fuel and granule fuel are stored in described coarse fodder case 4 respectively, in the fines case 8, described then coarse fodder plate lock 5, fines plate lock 6 is respectively to described coarse fodder case 4, the blanking velocity of fines case 8 is controlled, macro particles fuel is at first fallen on the described fire grate 11, along with moving of described fire grate 11, granule fuel is fallen on the macro particles fuel again, realizes layering; 9 higher, described rear arches 10 designs of described face arch are grown up and low, angle is more flat, guide the high-temperature flue gas of described fire grate 11 back segments effectively, high-temperature flue gas has bigger level component velocity forward, helps flue gas to flow to described fire grate 11 front ends more, strengthens the heat radiation to front end, acceleration is lighted, take up top layer, combustion zone granule in the process that flue gas is directed refluxing simultaneously, red-hot fuel particle is hit down on front end fresh fuel layer, promotes to catch fire; Because the backflow flue gas blows afloat top layer, combustion zone granule fuel, forms tall and big flame, make heat down transmit better, lower-layer fuel obtains more effective heating, fire burns; Primary air system reclaims the heat that discharges preceding flue gas by described air preheater 16, improves one time the wind initial temperature, promotes fuel fire, the effect that reach energy-conservation simultaneously, reduces thermal pollution; Described fire grate 11 lower floors are macro particles fuel, and the slit is bigger between particle, and resistance is less, and described air compartment 12 wind energy of sending runs through fuel bed smoothly, helps realizing fast the burning of fuel; The acceleration of fuel is lighted and can be made the combustion zone in advance, thereby bigger zone is arranged to realize full combustion of fuel, helps the after-flame of fuel, reduces the slag carbon content rate, improves efficiency of combustion.

In sum, the utlity model has catch fire easy, efficiency of combustion high, and carry out to flue gas heat recovery energy-saving and environmental protection. The utility model can be widely used in the boiler combustion equipment field.

Claims (5)

1. a petroleum coke direct burner comprises hopper (1), fire grate (11), air compartment (12) and slag extracting channel (13), and described fire grate (11) is driven by driving shaft (7), driven shaft (14) and rotates; Establish face arch (9) on the front wall of fire grate (11) top, establish rear arch (10) on the back wall, described slag extracting channel (13) is positioned between described fire grate (11) and the described back wall, described fire grate (11) below is provided with several described air compartments (12), described hopper (1) is located at outside the described front wall, it is characterized in that: be provided with sizing screen (2) in the described hopper (1), described sizing screen (2) is divided into inclination sub-material baffle plate (3); Described sub-material baffle plate (3) is divided into two parts with the lower space of hopper (1), is respectively coarse fodder case (4) and fines case (8); Described coarse fodder case (4) below is provided with the coarse fodder plate lock (5) that is used to control blanking velocity, and described fines case (8) below is provided with the fines plate lock (6) that is used to control blanking velocity.

2. petroleum coke direct burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that described air compartment (12) is provided with supply air system, and supply air system has air preheater (16).

3. petroleum coke direct burner according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the supply air system of described air compartment (12) has airflow regulating switch.

4. petroleum coke direct burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that described face arch (9) is higher than described rear arch (10), and face arch (9) length is less than rear arch (10) length, and the angle of inclination of rear arch (10) is less than the angle of inclination of face arch (9).

5. petroleum coke direct burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the air channel of the flue (15) of described air preheater (16) and boiler and the blower fan (17) of boiler communicates.

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