CN2072652U - Non-smoke coal-saving stove - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a non-smoke coal-saving stove suitable for manually burning powder coal. The non-smoke coal-saving stove comprises a heat-insulated circular stove chamber, a tower-shaped grate, a first air device, a second air device, etc. The grate comprises round table-shaped cast-iron rings stacked from small to large. The first air device and the second air device comprise a circular air passage in the middle part of the stove chamber and a plurality of air pipes passing through a stove wall. The utility model has an obvious smoke abatement effect. Smokeless combustion can be basically realized. Meanwhile, the non-smoke coal-saving stove also has the obvious energy-saving effect. The ordinary energy saving is 10-20%. The utility model can be widely suitable for cooking stoves, heating stoves, water stoves, vertical stoves, mini industry stoves, etc., and the technical innovation of various hand firing coal burning ranges.

Description

Non-smoke coal-saving stove

The utility model relates to a kind of coal furnace, particularly a kind ofly is adapted to artificial bulk coal-fired smoke-less energy-saving stove.

Grate furnace by the hand firing is called handwarmer, and it is with a long history, because simple structure, versatility is wider, and obtains widespread usage.But because its efficiency of combustion is low, labour intensity is big, the chimney over-emitting black exhaust, and therefore along with industrial expansion, and to the attention of energy savings and environmental protection, many Industrial Stoves and boiler are replaced by mechanical combustion furnace gradually.On boiler, developed double-layer grate again in recent years and anti-burning technology replaces handwarmer.On cooking stove, adopt moulded coal (honeycomb briquette) to replace burning diffusing coal, obtained good effect.But because the research work of combustion apparatus does not catch up with demands of social development, adaptability is strong, simple structure, hand reliable, that soot emissions meet environmental protection standard are burnt coal-fired stove and still very lacked.Double-layer grate and anti-burning technology are also perfect not to the utmost, add its fire grate thermic load lower (being that burning velocity is slow), and it is applied also certain limitation.The cooking stove burning briquette needs machine-shaping because of moulded coal on the one hand, and its popularization is subjected to keeping within bounds of working ability.Ratio of combustion because of moulded coal is slower on the other hand, generally only is applicable to family's cooking stove, for the cooking stove of restaurant's collectiveity canteen, needs hyperactivity of fire, urgent occasion also not too to adapt to.Therefore on cooking stove, heating stove, drinking water boiler and many cooking stoves such as vertical boiler and back yard industry kiln, adopt the bulk coal-fired handwarmer of hand firing also quite general now.

In the combustion process of handwarmer, coal is intermittently to add burner hearth.After coal is thrown on the siege, owing to be subjected to the baking of red-hot grate below it, be subjected to the radiation of high-temperature flue gas above, temperature raises rapidly, volatile matter is sharply separated out, at this moment burning immediately needs a large amount of air to participate in burning, yet this moment is but because of a large amount of new topped grates of coal, flowing resistance is increased greatly, the air that is entered by fire grate below reduces on the contrary, make volatile matter in combustion process because of air is under-supply, mixes inequality with air in addition, cause anoxic and produce cracking reaction, charcoal is analysed in formation, in addition when fire box temperature is low, also can impels and analyse charcoal and further aggravate.Trickle carbon black pellet is mixed in and just becomes dense black smoke in the flue gas and discharged by chimney.When volatile matter burn substantially be over after, coke takes fire because its burning velocity is slow, the needed air capacity of burning significantly reduces, and at this moment the flowing resistance of grate diminishes on the contrary, makes the air supply superfluous greatly, causes flue gas loss to increase again.Handwarmer is coal each time, all will repeat said process, becomes periodically.This shows the handwarmer over-emitting black exhaust, not only cause environmental pollution, and waste energy.

The appearance of worldwide energy crisis, and the environmental pollution harm serious day by day to health of people, numerous environmental pollution that handwarmer caused and energy waste have become the problem that people are concerned about more.Whether can under the prerequisite that keeps by this straightforward procedure of hand firing, cooking stove not smoldered, and its efficiency of combustion is increased?

Task of the present utility model will provide a kind of artificial bulk coal-fired novel stove (kitchen range), particularly a kind of novel stove (kitchen range) with remarkable smoke elimination and energy-saving effect of being adapted to exactly.It can be adapted to cooking stove, heating stove, vertical boiler, drinking water boiler and back yard industry kiln etc. widely, to replace or to transform existing handwarmer.With existing handwarmer, double-layer grate, instead burn and the moulded coal stove is compared, its major advantage is:

1, have significant smoke effect, under the situation of artificial intermittently coal, its oke exhaust blackness can be realized smokeless combustion basically less than 1 grade of Lin Geman.

2, its burning velocity is higher than the moulded coal stove far away, also is higher than double-layer grate and other anti-stoves that burns, and its wide adaptability is strong to the adaptability of fuel.

3, its ratio of combustion is more complete, and efficiency of combustion is higher, and not only the volatile matter of coal can obtain completing combustion, and carbon content of cinder reduces greatly, therefore comparable handwarmer energy savings 10～20%.

Major defect of the present utility model is: need force ventilation, during as if the employing gravity-flow ventilation, its smoke effect will be affected.

Task of the present utility model is finished as follows: when by after manually off and on coal being added burner hearth, the precipitation process of control volatile matter, volatile matter is separated out sharp at short notice in a large number, but more lentamente, in the blanking time of twice coal, continuously separate out equably, to weaken greatly since artificial intermittently coal to periodic harmful effect that combustion process was produced, burning for volatile matter simultaneously provides sufficient air, and air and volatile matter are uniformly mixed, and provide suitable furnace cavity and than higher fire box temperature for the burning of volatile matter, so just can make volatile matter obtain completing combustion, thereby reach the purpose of eliminating black smoke and energy savings.

Below with reference to accompanying drawing concrete structure of the present utility model is described in further details.

Fig. 1 is a kind of profilograph that is used for the typical structure of cooking stove of the utility model.

Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of tower-shape fire bar.

Fig. 3 is the vertical view of horizontal annular drop grate.

Fig. 4 is the drawing in side sectional elevation of Fig. 1 along the A-A line.

To be that the utility model is a kind of be used for the Multipurpose stove that the cooking double as provides hot water (or heating) to Fig. 5.

Fig. 6 is a kind of profilograph that is used for the typical structure of vertical boiler (or drinking water boiler) of the utility model.

Fig. 7 is a kind of profilograph that is used for the typical structure of back yard industry kiln of the utility model.

Fig. 8 is that the utility model adopts the partial schematic diagram that pushes away coal piston coal supply apparatus.

Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are that the utility model adopts the partial schematic diagram that pushes away the coal impeller unit.

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the adiabatic furnace of a circle (1), circular housing of being made by steel plate (2) and the furnace wall of being constructed by refractory material (3) constitute.A tower-shape fire bar (6) is set below burner hearth, it is by from big to small stacked the forming of truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (20) one by one, leave ventilation gap (21) between two adjacent truncated cone-shaped cast iron circles, the needed air of fuel combustion is just entered by the below of these gaps from fire grate.The top of tower-shape fire bar is a conical cast iron top cover (19).The lower end of tower-shape fire bar is located on the castiron horizontal annular dead grate (8), a rotary annular drop grate (7) is installed in the above, both shapes and size are basic identical, all be provided with by the circle spacing uniform let out grey hole (22), when rotating annular drop grate, the grey hole of letting out of two annular fire grates is coincided, and the lime-ash on the fire grate just can be let out grey hole by these and fall into ash bin (9).

Be provided with annular passage (5) at the middle part of furnace height, four (or two) secondary air channels (4) pass furnace wall (3) makes annular passage (5) communicate with burner hearth (1).The center line of several secondary air channels (4) is all tangent with an imaginary circle (24) at burner hearth center.Be provided with ajutage (23) in the outside of annular passage (5), the secondary wind that is provided by air blast after annular passage (5) and secondary air channel (4) are sent into burner hearth (1), will form whirlwind through airduct (23) in burner hearth.

Inlaying a cast iron circle (15) at the first half of burner hearth, its internal diameter is little than the burner hearth internal diameter, mouth from the cast iron circle below cast iron circle (15) is filled with refractory material between the furnace wall, make it to be rounding off, thereby make upper furnace form the throat (14) of a jar degree of lip-rounding, to strengthen the radiation of upper furnace to grate, simultaneously can make flue gas in uphill process, compile towards the burner hearth center in the following of throat, both help mixing of air and volatile matter, impelled completing combustion, and also can impel high-temperature flue gas after by throat, to be concentrated, the pot for cooking rice that is opposite to roof of the furnace with reinforcement washes away (18), and reaches augmentation of heat transfer.

More than the throat of burner hearth, be provided with exhanst gas outlet (16).Be provided with bell circle (17) in the upper end of burner hearth, can place pot for cooking rice (18) on it, high-temperature flue gas is just discharged by exhanst gas outlet (16) after by radiation and convection current heat being passed to pot for cooking rice.

When little pot for cooking rice (or round-bottomed frying pan) is set on the top of burner hearth, can remove pannikin coal in stove, go up when settling big pot for cooking rice when burner hearth top, because mobile pot for cooking rice is not put just, fire door (13) can be set in the Lower Half of burner hearth, use when feeding in the stove coal.

Ash bin (9) be arranged on fire grate below, it is to be extended downwards by shell (2) to form, on ash bin, be provided with ash door (11) and air inlet (10), the blast pipe of air blast is mouthful insertion thus just, one time wind is provided by air blast, enter ash bin (9) through air inlet (10), the slit of passing fire grate then enters burner hearth.The lower end of ash bin is located on the cast iron base (12).

The gradient of tower-shape fire bar (6) (angle of cone side bus and bottom surface) generally should be between 40 °～75 °.The gradient of each truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (20) is preferably between 10 °～35 °, and its lateral width is decided on the furnace diameter size, can be between 20～140 millimeters.The size of the ventilation gap (21) between two adjacent truncated cone-shaped cast iron circles is decided on the width of cast iron circle, can select between 5～40 millimeters, and the width of cast iron circle is littler, and this gap also should be littler, can prevent the leak-stopping coal like this.The gradient of tower-shape fire bar top cover (19) is preferably between 10 °～30 °.Small-sized tower-shape fire bar can cast solid, and larger-size tower-shape fire bar can adopt the truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle by independent casting one by one to assemble.

The utility model need be removed pot for cooking rice coal is added (perhaps opening fire door is added by the side) by roof of the furnace in the stoking process, and most of coal is thrown on the top cover of tower-shape fire bar, and all the other then scatter on the grate of tower-shape fire bar side.Because it is seamless that the top cover (19) of tower-shape fire bar is gone up, air proof, dump amasss on it and can not burn, only the surface of dump is subjected to the radiation of burner hearth high-temperature flue gas, temperature from outward appearance to inner essence improves gradually, so separating out also of volatile matter begin by the surface, develops to deep layer gradually, the precipitation process of volatile matter is slower, can be extended to coal for the second time always.On the slope, side of tower-shape fire bar, the grate that is formed by coke is burning, though have the part coal to scatter on it during each coal, owing to be subjected to the baking of red-hot grate below it, be subjected to the radiation heating of high-temperature flue gas above, volatile matter is sharply separated out burning, but the factor amount is few, influence to whole burner hearth burning is less, simultaneously because the slump of the gradient of tower-shape fire bar side and coal is more approaching, the thickness distribution of grate is more even, and the ventilation gap of tower-shape fire bar is and is arranged vertically, when coal tumbles on the grate from cat head, can not stop up the ventilation gap of fire grate, therefore the flowing resistance of grate can obviously not increase owing to the adding of new coal, and the supply of a wind is also corresponding more stable, thereby can guarantee coke and the new needed air of coal combustion of a part on the grate.Coal is heated on fire grate top or side grate, volatile matter is separated out the back and is risen with high-temperature flue gas, vertical the meeting of secondary wind with the burner hearth middle part, secondary wind both provided necessary air for the burning of volatile matter, the whirlwind that is formed by secondary wind simultaneously can impel air fully to be mixed with volatile matter, thereby has guaranteed that volatile matter obtains completing combustion.In the stoking process, behind the certain hour of every interval, the coal that is deposited in the coking on the tower-shape fire bar top cover should be pushed away, allow it on the grate of tower-shape fire bar side, burn, and then on the top cover of tower-shape fire bar, dose new coal.Unburnt coke is slipped to along the slope of tower-shape fire bar side on the annular fire grate of level and does last after-flame.Rotate annular drop grate (7), the grey hole of letting out of letting out on grey hole (22) and the ring-like dead grate (8) on it is coincided, just the lime-ash of after-flame can be discharged, fall into ash bin (9).After treating that lime-ash is removed, annular drop grate should be gone back to, be staggered mutually in the grey hole of letting out of two annular fire grates, fall into ash bin to prevent unburnt coke.Stoking can be realized smokeless combustion basically as stated above.

With reference to Fig. 5, if replace the shell of burner hearth with the water jacket (25) of steel plate or aluminium sheet weldering system, go up lining with flame retardant coating (28) at the inwall (26) of water jacket, to replace furnace wall, at the upper and lower side of water-jacket outer wall (27) burn-on respectively into water base (29) and water outlet base (30), link by a pipeline and a water tank (or hot water system), but the water among the heating water jacket also when cooking is with fire like this, so that the domestic hot-water is provided (or heating), not only multi-use can be made, but also the energy can be saved.

With reference to Fig. 6, when the utility model is used for vertical boiler or drinking water boiler, its structure and Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and cooking stove shown in Figure 4 are basic identical, the shell of different just burner hearths and furnace wall replaced by the shell (31) and the flue (32) of boiler, therefore the top of burner hearth need not to construct throat, and the upper end does not need to be provided with the bell circle yet.In order to obtain higher fire box temperature, a wall with refractory lining, refracto (33) can be constructed with refractory material in the bottom of flue (32).

With reference to Fig. 7, when the utility model is used for Industrial Stoves, be combustion chamber as kiln, to produce high-temperature flue gas, use for the kiln heating.Its structure is identical with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and cooking stove shown in Figure 4 basically, different is: except that the wall of burner hearth need be constructed with refractory material, also should build up a top cover (34) with refractory material at the top of burner hearth, also need not to establish throat in upper furnace, after the high-temperature flue gas that is produced in the burner hearth was discharged by the exhanst gas outlet (16) on top, wink promptly entered kiln.

The utility model both can adopt by manually passing through the intermittently mode of coal of fire door with spade to the burner hearth coal time, also can adopt by manpower and use the intermittently mode of coal of coal piston that pushes away.Employing pushes away the mode of coal piston coal, because of opening the harmful effect that fire door produces, also coal can be added to exactly the top of tower-shape fire bar simultaneously in the time of can exempting each coal, thereby improves smoke effect.

With reference to Fig. 8, when the utility model employing pushes away coal piston coal, its concrete structure is as follows: a coal bunker made from sheet metal (35) is set in the outside of burner hearth, coaling in it, the drawing strickle guide (38) that the steel plate of coal bunker following square with (or circular) is made links to each other, the coal supply groove of being made by heat-resisting cast iron (36) of one square (or circular) is housed in drawing strickle guide, it passes furnace wall (3) and extend in the burner hearth (1), its end is positioned on the top of tower-shape fire bar (6), and what be provided with cylinder iron in the coal groove that (or steel plate) manufacture pushes away coal piston (37).When outwards pulling pushed away the coal piston, the coal in the coal bunker just fell in the coal supply groove, and when promoting piston inwards, coal just moves in burner hearth along the coal supply groove, falls until the end place of coal supply groove, scatters the top of tower-shape fire bar.After adding coal, should outwards spur the coal supply groove at every turn, its part that is deep into burner hearth is withdrawed from, in burner hearth, be burnt out for a long time avoiding.

With reference to Fig. 9 and Figure 10, when the utility model is used for boiler or Industrial Stoves, when if the furnace diameter size is big, because Coal-fired capacity is bigger, the coal that pile up at the tower-shape fire bar top is more, for at every turn before the burner hearth coal, can be easily the coal of tower-shape fire bar top coking be pushed away, allow it to the grate of tower-shape fire bar side, burn, can be on tower-shape fire bar top cover (19), be provided with one and push away coal impeller (39), so that in time the coal at tower-shape fire bar top is pushed away by what manually driven can be swung.Concrete structure is as follows, pushing away coal impeller (39) is made by heat-resisting cast iron, the blade (40) that several bendings are arranged on it, it is installed on the vertical pivot (41), link to each other by crank (42), pull bar (43) and the rocking bar (44) that is arranged on burner hearth outside, with hand push, draw rocking bar, can order about vertical pivot and drive and to push away the swing of coal impeller, thereby the coal at tower-shape fire bar top can be pushed away.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of coal furnace, the artificial bulk coal-fired smokeless coal-saving stove of particularly a kind of adaptation is made up of burner hearth (1), fire grate, annular passage (5) and overfire air device etc., it is characterized in that:

A, described burner hearth are circular, are the adiabatic furnaces that is built into by refractory material,

B, described fire grate are made up of tower-shape fire bar (6) and annular dead grate (8) and annular drop grate (7),

C, described overfire air device are made up of annular passage (5) and four (or two) secondary air channel institutes such as (4) of being located at the furnace height middle part, secondary air channel (4) passes furnace wall (3), annular passage (5) is communicated with burner hearth (1), the center line of several secondary air channels (4) is all tangent with an imaginary circle (24) at burner hearth center, makes secondary wind form whirlwind in burner hearth.

2, by the described coal furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that tower-shape fire bar (6) is from big to small stacked the forming of truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (20) one by one, leave ventilation gap (21) between two adjacent truncated cone-shaped cast iron circles, the top of tower-shape fire bar is a conical cast iron top cover (19).

3, by the described coal furnace of claim 1, the gradient (angle of cone side bus and bottom surface) that it is characterized in that tower-shape fire bar (6) is preferably between 40 °～75 °, the gradient of each truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (20) is preferably between 10 °～35 °, the gradient of conical top cover (19) is preferably between 18 °～30 °, the lateral width of truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (20) can be between the 20-140 millimeter, and the ventilation gap (21) between two adjacent truncated cone-shaped cast iron circles can be selected between the 5-40 millimeter.

4, by the described coal furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that tower-shape fire bar (6) can be cast in block.

5, by the described coal furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that tower-shape fire bar (6) can be by one by one independently truncated cone-shaped cast iron circle (20) assemble.

6, by the described coal furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that coal in burner hearth, also can adopt the mode that pushes away coal piston coal by manpower, pushing away coal piston (37) is installed in the coal supply groove (36), the coal supply groove is installed in the drawing strickle guide (38), it passes furnace wall by the outside of burner hearth and is deep in the burner hearth, and its end is positioned at the top at tower-shape fire bar (6) top, and the coal supply groove can push in drawing strickle guide or pull out.

7, by the described coal furnace of claim 1, it is characterized in that for the bigger burner hearth of diameter dimension, can be on tower-shape fire bar top cover (19), be provided with one and push away coal impeller (39) by what manually driven can be swung, pushing away the coal impeller is made by heat-resisting cast iron, the blade (40) that several bendings are arranged on it, it is installed on the vertical pivot (41), link to each other by crank (42), pull bar (43) and the rocking bar (44) that is arranged on burner hearth outside, with hand push, draw rocking bar, can order about the vertical pivot drive and push away the coal impeller and swing.

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