CN221393058U - 具有电池充电装置的电池供电电动车辆 - Google Patents

具有电池充电装置的电池供电电动车辆 Download PDF

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CN221393058U
CN221393058U CN202322782224.XU CN202322782224U CN221393058U CN 221393058 U CN221393058 U CN 221393058U CN 202322782224 U CN202322782224 U CN 202322782224U CN 221393058 U CN221393058 U CN 221393058U
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皮耶罗·斯卡尔代拉
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种具有电池充电装置的电池供电电动车辆(10)，其具有一个安装在车轮(12)上的底盘(11)、一个电动驱动电机(13)、一个由所述电动驱动电机(13)驱动的传动轴(16)、用于为所述电动驱动电机(13)供电的两个或更多个电池组(14、15)、以及一个自充电装置。该自充电装置包括至少一个发电机组(22)，其用于将电动车辆(10)的动能转换为电能，还包括一个充电管理单元(24)，其用于不断地确定为电动驱动电机(13)供电的电池组(14、15)的充电状态并且在必要时将放电的电池组切换为充电的电池组并对放电的电池组充电。

Description

具有电池充电装置的电池供电电动车辆
技术领域
本实用新型通常涉及电动车辆技术领域，特别涉及一种配备有电池充电装置的电池供电电动车辆。
背景技术
在本领域中，电池供电电动车辆是众所周知的，并且由于燃料成本的上升和对减少进入大气的有害气体和温室气体排放的关注，电池供电电动车辆作为具有内燃机的汽车的一种替代交通工具，正持续引起人们的兴趣。
然而，由于作为能量源的电池的有限的容量以及电动车辆本身消耗的巨大能量，电池供电电动车辆的续航距离通常低于同等功率的具有内燃机的传统汽车，因此电动车辆可能需要频繁对电池进行再充电。因此，使用电池供电电动车辆是不方便的，特别是对于长途旅行来说，因为它可能需要在充电站停好几次。此外，目前用于电动车辆的电池通常有低充电速率，并且每充电一小时(通常在额定功率为11至22kW的住宅或公共停车场充电站)，电动车辆的续航距离增加通常不到100公里。基于上述原因，电池驱动电动车辆通常更适合作为城市或短途旅行的交通工具。
电池供电电动车辆的电池充电问题的一个众所周知的解决方案是利用车辆本身在运动时的动能给电池充电。该解决方案提供了一种有效且无成本的电池充电方式，从而增加了电动车辆的续航距离，从而减少了在充电站停车的频率。
例如，在已公开的国际专利申请WO 2020/018007 A1中，公开了采用该解决方案的电池供电电动车辆。根据这项在先专利申请，电动车辆配备有由一对发电机组成的自充电装置，每个发电机自动地为相应的一组电池充电，还配备有将电池的能量传输给车辆的电动机的电子控制装置。每当电池的电量达到75-85％时，电子控制装置可将发电机产生的电能直接传输给车辆的电动驱动电机。
这种已知的电动车辆的电池自充电装置的缺点是，两组电池同时再充电，并且由于每组电池的充电必须单独管理，这就要求每组电池都配备它自己的充电管理系统。因此，上述类型的自充电装置具有复杂和昂贵的缺点。
实用新型内容
因此，本实用新型的目的是提供具有电池自充电装置的电池供电电动车辆，与本领域已知的其他自充电装置相比，其允许车辆的续航距离更简单地以更低的成本增加。
更具体地说，该目的通过一种电动车辆实现，所述电动车辆具有安装在车轮上的底盘、电动驱动电机、由所述电动驱动电机驱动的传动轴、用于为所述电动驱动电机供电的两个或更多个电池组、以及自充电装置，其中所述自充电装置包括至少一个用于将电动车辆的动能转换为电能的发电单元，以及一个用于不断地确定为电动驱动电机供电的电池组的充电状态并且在必要时用于将放电的电池组切换为充电的电池组并对放电的电池组进行充电的充电管理单元。
由于至少两个电池组安装在车辆底盘上并且充电管理单元配备有开关装置，因此本实用新型允许电池组的交替充电和放电的优化循环，这不仅确保了电动车辆的不间断驾驶，而且增加了电动车辆的续航距离，并消除了与在充电站为电动车辆充电相关的技术缺陷。
此外，由于电池组交替运行，在任何时刻只对一个电池组进行充电，因此只需要一个充电管理单元来管理和控制电池组的充电，其简化了结构，并降低了自充电装置的成本。
附图说明
现在将参考附图中所示的示例性而非限制性实施方式更详细地描述本实用新型，图1是根据本实用新型的电池供电电动车辆的结构示意图。虽然附图中示出了四轮电动车辆，但是应当理解的是，本实用新型同样适用于三轮车辆。
具体实施方式
参考附图中的插图，根据本实用新型的电池供电电动车辆在本文中通常用数字10表示。该车辆包括一个安装在车轮12上的底盘或框架11、一个电动驱动电机13和两个或更多电池组14和15。电动驱动电机13固定安装在底盘11上，它的驱动轴操作连接到中央传动轴16。传动轴16，反过来，在它的端部分别操作连接到前差速器17和后差速器18，用于将传动轴的运动传输到车辆的前轴和后轴(通常分别用数字19和20表示)。当然，电动车辆10配备有方向盘和其他机械控制和转向部件，但这些是本领域技术人员所公知的，因此不需要详细描述。
恢复和传动装置21连接到传动轴16，用于恢复传动轴16的运动并将它传输到一个或多个发电机组22，每个发电机组包括一个或多个发电机23。该恢复和传动装置21通常包括齿轮系和用于恢复传动轴16的旋转运动并将它传输到发电机组22的其他合适手段。每个发电机组22中安装的发电机23的数量、大小和功率是根据要产生的能量的数量来确定的，也就是说，是根据确保车辆的单个电池组14、15的再充电所需的功率来确定的，这在下面会更清楚地说明。
在本文所述的本实用新型的示例性实施方式中，车辆10配备有两个电池组14、15，但明显的是，电池组也可以是两个以上。在描述本实用新型时，下面将参考如附图所示的具有两个电池组的电动车辆的最简单情况。
所述发电机组22连接到单个充电管理单元24，该充电管理单元基于对所述电池组14、15的充电状态的持续测定，选择要进行充电的电池组14、15，该电池组14、15在任何给定时间为电动驱动电机13供电。当充电管理单元24检测到当时为电动驱动电机13供电的电池组14、15已达到它的最小放电限制时，它在两个电池组之间切换，通过将放电电池组(例如电池组14)从电动驱动电机13断开并将它连接到发电机组22，并同时通过将充电电池组(在这个实施例中，电池组15)连接到电动驱动电机13。以这种方式，充电管理单元24就能够确保对电动驱动电机13的不间断供电。
当充电中的电池组14完成它的充电周期后，充电管理单元24通过将电池组14从发电机组22断开来中断电池组14的充电，并将电池组14设置为与车辆的电动驱动电机13连接。同时，充电管理单元24将此前为电动驱动电机13供电的其他电池组15断开，并将它连接到发电机组22上使得它能够进行再充电，并将充电的电池组14连接到电动驱动电机13上。
通过重复上述循环，可以使一个电池组随时为车辆的电动驱动电机13供电，而其他电池组处于充电状态。以这种方式，存在一个使得两个电池组14、15的充电和放电相位交替的循环。需要注意的是，由于电池组14、15交替运行，在任何时刻只对一个电池组14、15进行充电，因此单个充电管理单元24就足以对电池组14、15的充电进行管理和控制。这简化了结构，并降低了充电装置的成本。
设置电池组14、15和发电机组22的尺寸，以确保在为电动驱动电机13供电的电池组的平均放电时间内对每个电池组进行充电，该平均放电时间在电动车辆正常使用条件下确定。以这种方式，车辆的两个电池组交替放电和再充电，保证了电动车辆的连续长距离行驶。每个电池组可以由铅酸电池、锂离子电池或镍氢电池组成。
本说明书仅给出本实用新型的优选实施方式的实施例，不应在限制意义上进行理解。本领域技术人员可以对本文描述的实施方式进行各种修改和添加，而不脱离所附权利要求的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种电动车辆(10)，其具有一个安装在车轮(12)上的底盘(11)、一个电动驱动电机(13)、一个由所述电动驱动电机(13)驱动的传动轴(16)、用于为所述电动驱动电机(13)供电的两个或更多个电池组(14、15)和一个自充电装置，其特征在于，所述自充电装置包括至少一个用于将电动车辆(10)的动能转换为电能的发电机组(22)，以及一个用于不断地确定为电动驱动电机(13)供电的电池组(14、15)的充电状态并且在必要时用于将放电的电池组切换为充电的电池组并对放电的电池组进行充电的充电管理单元(24)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述发电机组(22)包括两个或更多个发电机(23)，所述发电机由恢复和传动装置(21)驱动，用于恢复和传输电动车辆的所述传动轴(16)的旋转运动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动车辆(10)，其特征在于，所述恢复和传动装置(21)包括齿轮系和用于恢复传动轴(16)的旋转运动并将它传输到所述发电机(23)的合适手段。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆(10)，其特征在于，设置所述发电机组(22)的尺寸，以确保在为电动驱动电机(13)供电的电池组(14、15)的平均放电时间内对每个电池组(14、15)进行充电，该平均放电时间在电动车辆(10)的正常使用条件下确定。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆(10)，其特征在于，每个电池组(14、15)由铅酸电池、锂离子电池或镍氢电池形成。
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