CN221151340U - Electronic switch driving circuit and electric aircraft - Google Patents
Electronic switch driving circuit and electric aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- CN221151340U CN221151340U CN202322973067.0U CN202322973067U CN221151340U CN 221151340 U CN221151340 U CN 221151340U CN 202322973067 U CN202322973067 U CN 202322973067U CN 221151340 U CN221151340 U CN 221151340U
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- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an electronic switch driving circuit and an electric aircraft, which belong to the field of power electronics, wherein the electronic switch driving circuit is connected with an electronic switch, and the circuit comprises: the control module outputs a first switch control signal and a second switch control signal; the first switch module is connected with the control module, the working power supply and the control end of the electronic switch, and is conducted according to a first switch control signal so as to enable the electronic switch to be closed; the second switch module is connected with the control module, the working power supply and the control end of the electronic switch, is turned on according to a second switch control signal to turn off the first switch module, and is turned off according to a second switch control signal to turn off the electronic switch. The utility model solves the problem that the BMS fault in the related technology can cause the disconnection of the contactor and affect the safety of the electric aircraft, and achieves the effect of improving the reliability and safety of the electric aircraft.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of switch driving, in particular to an electronic switch driving circuit and an electric aircraft.
Background
In the conventional power Battery system and the current power Battery system design of the electric automobile, a direct current contactor of a BMS (Battery management system) is generally driven by a switching device, and in the power Battery system of eVTOL (electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft), the contactor is driven by the switching device.
In the related art, the battery management requirements of eVTOL are different from those of the electric vehicle, and since eVTOL flies in the air, it is ensured that the power supply of the power system is provided as the first requirement, including that the contactor is still desired to be kept closed to supply power to the power system in case of a BMS failure. In the related art that adopts switching device to drive contactor at present, if BMS breaks down, whether software trouble or hardware trouble, can all cause its inside switching device's control signal to lose, lead to the contactor to break off to lead to actuating force system's battery power to lose, influence eVTOL flight's security.
Disclosure of utility model
The main purpose of the utility model is that: the utility model provides an electronic switch drive circuit and electric aircraft, aims at solving among the relevant technique BMS trouble and can arouse the contactor disconnection, influences electric aircraft's security's technical problem.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present utility model proposes an electronic switch driving circuit, connected to an electronic switch K1, the electronic switch driving circuit comprising:
The control module is used for outputting a first switch control signal and a second switch control signal;
The first switch module is respectively connected with the control module, the working power supply and the control end of the electronic switch K1 and is used for being conducted according to a first switch control signal so as to enable the electronic switch K1 to be closed;
The second switch module is respectively connected with the control module, the working power supply and the control end of the electronic switch K1 and is used for being conducted according to a second switch control signal so as to enable the first switch module to be turned off, and is turned off according to the second switch control signal so as to enable the electronic switch K1 to be turned off.
Optionally, in the electronic switch driving circuit, the first switch module includes a thyristor Q1;
The gate of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the first end of the control module, the anode of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the working power supply, and the cathode of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1.
Optionally, in the electronic switch driving circuit, the first switch module further includes a resistor R1;
one end of a resistor R1 is connected with the first end of the control module, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the gate electrode of the thyristor Q1.
Optionally, in the electronic switch driving circuit, the first switch module further includes a resistor R2;
One end of a resistor R2 is connected with a working power supply, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the anode of the thyristor Q1.
Optionally, in the electronic switch driving circuit, the second switch module includes a switch tube Q2;
The control end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the second end of the control module, the input end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the working power supply, and the output end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1.
Optionally, in the electronic switch driving circuit, the second switch module further includes a resistor R3;
One end of a resistor R3 is connected with the second end of the control module, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with the control end of the switching tube Q2.
Optionally, in the electronic switch driving circuit, the switching transistor Q2 includes any one of a triode, a field effect transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and a photocoupler.
Optionally, in the electronic switch driving circuit, the electronic switch K1 is connected to a battery power supply circuit, and the battery power supply circuit includes a power battery BT1 and a load;
The input end of the electronic switch K1 is connected with the power battery BT1, and the output end of the electronic switch K1 is connected with a load.
Optionally, in the electronic switch driving circuit, the electronic switch K1 includes any one of a contactor, a relay, a solid state relay, a field effect transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a gallium nitride power semiconductor, and a silicon carbide power device.
In a second aspect, the utility model also proposes an electric aircraft comprising:
The battery power supply circuit comprises an electronic switch K1;
an electronic switch driving circuit as described above;
the electronic switch driving circuit is connected with the electronic switch K1.
The one or more technical schemes provided by the utility model can have the following advantages or at least realize the following technical effects:
According to the electronic switch driving circuit and the electric aircraft, the electronic switch driving circuit formed by the control module, the first switch module and the second switch module is connected with the electronic switch K1, so that the electronic switch K1 is controlled in a switching mode; in the electronic switch driving circuit, a first switch module is conducted according to a first switch control signal output by a control module, power supply of a working power supply is output to an electronic switch K1 through the first switch module, and closing control of the electronic switch K1 is achieved, at the moment, because the first switch control signal is only used for conducting control of the first switch module, and the first switch module is conducted, if a BMS system where the electronic switch K1 is located fails, the first switch control signal disappears, the first switch module can be kept conducting continuously, and therefore the electronic switch K1 can be kept conducting, normal operation is not influenced, normal power supply of a power battery to a load through the electronic switch K1 is guaranteed, and reliability and safety of equipment are improved; the second switch module is conducted according to a second switch control signal output by the control module, the power supply of the working power supply can be turned on and then output to the electronic switch K1 through the second switch module, so that the first switch module is turned off, the second switch module is turned off according to the second switch control signal, the power supply of the working power supply cannot reach the electronic switch K1, the disconnection control of the electronic switch K1 is realized, the disconnection control of the electronic switch K1 is completed only through the cooperation of the first switch module and the second switch module, the abnormal power-down possibility of the electronic switch K1 can be reduced to the minimum, and the reliability and the safety of equipment are further improved; the circuit is particularly suitable for BMS systems of electric aircrafts, and can improve the reliability and safety of the electric aircrafts.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of an electronic switch driving circuit according to the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the electronic switch driving circuit of the present utility model.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
It should be noted that, in the present utility model, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a device or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such device or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude that an additional identical element is present in a device or system comprising the element. In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "connected" may be either a fixed connection or a removable connection or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; the communication between the two elements can be realized, or the interaction relationship between the two elements can be realized. In the present utility model, if there is a description referring to "first", "second", etc., the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the present utility model, suffixes such as "module", "part" or "unit" used for representing elements are used only for facilitating the description of the present utility model, and have no specific meaning per se. Thus, "module," "component," or "unit" may be used in combination. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present utility model.
In the conventional power Battery system and the current power Battery system design of the electric automobile, a direct current contactor of a BMS (Battery management system) is generally driven by a switching device, and in the power Battery system of eVTOL (electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft), the contactor is driven by the switching device.
Analysis of the related art has found that the battery management requirements of eVTOL are different from those of electric vehicles, and that eVTOL flies in the air, ensuring that the power supply of the power system is the first requirement, including the desire to keep the contactors closed in the event of a BMS failure, to power the power system. In the related art that adopts switching device to drive contactor at present, if BMS breaks down, whether software trouble or hardware trouble, can all cause its inside switching device's control signal to lose, lead to the contactor to break off to lead to actuating force system's battery power to lose, influence eVTOL flight's security.
In view of the technical problem that a BMS fault in the related art can cause disconnection of a contactor and affect safety of an electric aircraft, the utility model provides an electronic switch driving circuit and the electric aircraft, and specific embodiments and implementation modes are as follows:
example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of an electronic switch driving circuit according to the present utility model; the embodiment provides an electronic switch driving circuit. The electronic switch driving circuit can be applied to any power electronic equipment with an electronic switch, such as power equipment of an electric aircraft, an electric automobile and the like, and particularly can be applied to power equipment with more requirements on the electronic switch, such as power equipment which can still keep connection under the condition of fault and avoid safety accidents caused by disconnection, such as power equipment of the electric aircraft.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic switch driving circuit is connected with an electronic switch K1, and the electronic switch K1 may be an electronic switch in a BMS system of the electric device, and the electronic switch may be connected to a battery power supply circuit, a battery management circuit, a power control circuit, and other circuits in the BMS system to provide a circuit on or off function.
The electronic switch K1 may include any one of a contactor, a relay, a solid state relay, a field effect transistor (such as a MOS transistor, a JFET transistor, a MOSFET transistor, etc.), an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), a gallium nitride power semiconductor, or an electrically controlled switching device such as a silicon carbide power device.
In this embodiment, taking the electronic switch K1 including the trigger coil K1A and the normally open contact K1B as an example, the normally open contact K1B may be triggered to be closed after the trigger coil K1A is powered on, and the normally open contact K1B is automatically opened after the trigger coil K1A is powered off.
As shown in fig. 1, the electronic switch driving circuit may include:
The control module is used for outputting a first switch control signal and a second switch control signal;
The first switch module is respectively connected with the control module, the working power supply and the control end of the electronic switch K1 and is used for being conducted according to a first switch control signal so as to enable the electronic switch K1 to be closed;
The second switch module is respectively connected with the control module, the working power supply and the control end of the electronic switch K1 and is used for being conducted according to a second switch control signal so as to enable the first switch module to be turned off, and is turned off according to the second switch control signal so as to enable the electronic switch K1 to be turned off.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the control module may include a controller U1, where a power supply end of the controller U1, that is, pin 1 of U1 in fig. 1, may be connected to a working power supply VDD, and the working power supply VDD provides a working voltage; the first end of the controller U1 is an I/O end, namely a No. 2 pin of the U1 in FIG. 1, and is connected with the control end of the first switch module, the controller U1 can output a first switch control signal to the first switch module, so that the first switch module is conducted and triggered, and the electronic switch K1 is closed; the second end of the controller U1 is also an I/O end, namely a pin No. 3 of the U1 in FIG. 1, and is connected with the control end of the second switch module, the controller U1 can output a second switch control signal to the second switch module, so that the second switch module is turned on and controlled, the first switch module is turned off, and the second switch module is turned off and controlled, and the electronic switch K1 is turned off; the ground terminal of the controller U1, i.e., pin No. 4 of U1 in fig. 1, is grounded.
In this embodiment, the control end of the electronic switch K1 is one end of the trigger coil K1A, the input end of the first switch module is connected with the working power supply VDD, the output end of the first switch module is connected with one end of the trigger coil K1A, the input end of the second switch module is connected with the working power supply VDD, the output end of the second switch module is also connected with one end of the trigger coil K1A, and the other end of the trigger coil K1A is grounded.
The specific working process of the embodiment is as follows:
If the electronic switch K1 needs to be opened, when the controller U1 receives an electronic switch closing instruction, outputting a high-level first switch control signal to the first switch module; when the time length of the controller U1 outputting the first switch control signal reaches a first preset time length, the first switch module is conducted; the first preset time length is longer than or equal to the on time of a switching device in the first switching module; the working power supply VDD can provide driving current for the electronic switch K1 through the conducted first switch module so as to enable the electronic switch K1 to be closed, specifically, the trigger coil K1A is electrified, the normally open contact K1B is triggered to be closed, and the closing control of the electronic switch K1 is realized.
If the BMS system where the electronic switch K1 is located fails or the controller U1 fails during the closing operation of the electronic switch K1, the first switch module may remain turned on when the controller U1 fails to normally output the high-level first switch control signal, so that the electronic switch K1 remains turned on.
If the electronic switch K1 needs to be turned off, when the controller U1 receives an electronic switch off instruction, outputting a first switch control signal of a low level to the first switch module, and outputting a second switch control signal of a high level to the second switch module so as to conduct the second switch module; the working power supply VDD can provide driving current for the trigger coil K1A of the electronic switch K1 through the conducted second switch module so as to keep the electronic switch K1 closed, specifically keep the trigger coil K1A electrified, and keep the normally open contact K1B closed; when the controller U1 outputs the first switch control signal and the second switch control signal at the same time and the duration reaches the second preset duration, the first switch module is turned off; the second preset time length is longer than or equal to the turn-off time of the switching device in the first switching module; when the controller U1 detects that the first switch module is turned off, outputting a low-level second switch control signal to the second switch module so as to turn off the second switch module; the working power supply VDD stops providing driving current for the trigger coil K1A of the electronic switch K1 so as to disconnect the electronic switch K1, specifically, the trigger coil K1A is powered off, and the normally open contact K1B is triggered to be disconnected, so that the disconnection control of the electronic switch K1 is realized.
The electronic switch closing instruction can be an instruction sent by an upper computer of the BMS system or other user ends connected with the control module and then is input into the control module; the working power supply can be a direct current power supply and is used for supplying power to a trigger coil K1A of the electronic switch K1; the control module may have a fault when the related module of the BMS system, such as the fault detection module, detects that the control module has a fault, and when the control module has a software fault, a hardware fault, and the like, the control module itself cannot correctly output the high-level first switch control signal to the first switch module, but based on the structure of the electronic switch driving circuit and the characteristics of the first switch module, the first switch module may still be turned on, so that the electronic switch K1 is still turned on. The electronic switch disconnection instruction can be an instruction sent by an upper computer of the BMS system or other user terminals connected with the control module, and then is input to the control module.
In addition, after the controller U1 receives the electronic switch closing instruction and outputs the high-level first switch control signal to the first switch module, if a fault condition of the first switch module is detected, the second switch module may be used alone to perform the closing control and the opening control on the electronic switch K1.
Specifically, the fault detection of the first switch module may include, when the duration of outputting the first switch control signal by the controller U1 reaches the first preset duration, determining that the first switch module has a fault if it is detected that the electronic switch K1 is not correctly turned on. The closing control and the opening control of the electronic switch K1 by using the second switch module independently comprise: the controller U1 outputs a high-level third switch control signal to the second switch module, controls the second switch module to be conducted, and the working power supply VDD can provide driving current for the electronic switch K1 through the conducted second switch module so as to electrify the trigger coil K1A and trigger the normally open contact K1B to be closed, thereby realizing the closing control of the electronic switch K1; in the process of closing the electronic switch K1, when the controller U1 receives an electronic switch opening instruction, a third switch control signal with a low level is output to the second switch module, the second switch module is controlled to be turned off, the working power supply VDD stops providing driving current for the electronic switch K1, so that the trigger coil K1A is powered off, the normally open contact K1B is triggered to be opened, and the opening control of the electronic switch K1 is realized.
Therefore, according to the electronic switch driving circuit of the embodiment, the electronic switch K1 can be controlled to be turned on through the first switch module, then the electronic switch K1 is controlled to be turned off through the cooperation of the first switch module and the second switch module, and the electronic switch K1 can be independently controlled to be turned on and off through the second switch module under the condition that the first switch module has a fault, so that the reliability of a system is improved; moreover, under the condition that the first switch module is not maintained or inconvenient to maintain in time, the electronic switch K1 can still be ensured to be normally closed, abnormal conditions such as load outage or abnormal power supply failure and the like caused by the fact that the electronic switch K1 cannot be closed due to the failure of the first switch module are avoided, and the power supply safety of the system is improved.
The electronic switch driving circuit of the embodiment is connected with the electronic switch K1 by adopting the electronic switch driving circuit formed by the control module, the first switch module and the second switch module, so as to realize the switch control of the electronic switch K1; in the electronic switch driving circuit, a first switch module is conducted according to a first switch control signal output by a control module, power supply of a working power supply is output to an electronic switch K1 through the first switch module, and closing control of the electronic switch K1 is achieved, at the moment, because the first switch control signal is only used for conducting control of the first switch module, and the first switch module is conducted, if a BMS system where the electronic switch K1 is located fails, the first switch control signal disappears, the first switch module can be kept conducting, and therefore the electronic switch K1 is kept conducting, normal operation is not affected, normal power supply of a power battery to a load through the electronic switch K1 is guaranteed, and reliability and safety of equipment are improved; the second switch module is conducted according to a second switch control signal output by the control module, the power supply of the working power supply can be turned on and then output to the electronic switch K1 through the second switch module, so that the first switch module is turned off, the second switch module is turned off according to the second switch control signal, the power supply of the working power supply cannot reach the electronic switch K1, the disconnection control of the electronic switch K1 is realized, the disconnection control of the electronic switch K1 is completed only through the cooperation of the first switch module and the second switch module, the abnormal power-down possibility of the electronic switch K1 can be reduced to the minimum, and the reliability and the safety of equipment are further improved; the circuit is particularly suitable for BMS systems of electric aircrafts, and can improve the reliability and safety of the electric aircrafts.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the electronic switch driving circuit according to the present utility model; on the basis of the first embodiment, the present embodiment further provides an electronic switch driving circuit, and in this embodiment, the electronic switch driving circuit may be applied to a BMS system of an electric aircraft, and the electronic switch K1 is further described by taking the electronic switch K1 including the trigger coil K1A and the normally open contact K1B as an example.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the first switching module includes a thyristor Q1;
The gate of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the first end of the control module, the anode of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the working power supply, and the cathode of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the control module includes a controller U1, where the controller U1 may be a master control of a BMS system in the electric aircraft, and may also interact with an upper computer, and receive an instruction issued by the upper computer to generate a corresponding control signal. The first end of the controller U1 is an I/O end, namely a No. 2 pin of the U1 in FIG. 2, a gate G of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the No. 2 pin of the controller U1, an anode A of the thyristor Q1 is connected with a working power supply VDD, a cathode K of the thyristor Q1 is connected with a control end of the electronic switch K1, and particularly, one end of the trigger coil K1A is connected.
The controller U1 may be used to trigger the conduction of the thyristor Q1. The controller U1 outputs a high-level first switch control signal to the thyristor Q1, when the duration of the controller U1 outputting the first switch control signal reaches a first preset duration, the thyristor Q1 is conducted, and the working power supply VDD can provide driving current for the trigger coil K1A through the conducted thyristor Q1, so that the closing control of the electronic switch K1 is realized. When the controller U1 fails to output the first switch control signal of high level correctly, the thyristor Q1 may remain on based on the structure of the electronic switch driving circuit and the characteristics of the thyristor Q1, so that the electronic switch K1 may remain closed.
The first preset duration may be consistent with the gate turn-on time of the thyristor Q1, and based on a specific type of the thyristor Q1 in the electronic switch driving circuit, the first preset duration is set according to the gate turn-on time of the thyristor Q1, and then stored in the control module.
Still further, the first switch module may further include a resistor R1;
one end of a resistor R1 is connected with the first end of the control module, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the gate electrode of the thyristor Q1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the first end of the controller U1, that is, pin No. 2 of U1 in fig. 2, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the gate electrode G of the thyristor Q1, where the resistor R1 can play a role in limiting current and protecting the thyristor Q1.
Still further, the first switch module may further include a resistor R2;
One end of a resistor R2 is connected with a working power supply, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the anode of the thyristor Q1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the working power supply VDD, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the anode a of the thyristor Q1, where the resistor R2 can perform the functions of limiting current and setting the conduction condition of the thyristor Q1.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the second switching module includes a switching tube Q2;
The control end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the second end of the control module, the input end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the working power supply, and the output end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the control module includes a controller U1, the second end of the controller U1 is an I/O end, i.e., pin No. 3 of U1 in fig. 2, the control end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with pin No. 3 of the controller U1, the input end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the working power supply VDD, the output end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1, and specifically, is connected with one end of the trigger coil K1A.
The controller U1 may be used to control the on-off of the switching transistor Q2 and to control the off of the thyristor Q1. The controller U1 outputs a first switch control signal with a low level to the thyristor Q1, and simultaneously outputs a second switch control signal with a high level to the switch tube Q2 so as to enable the switch tube Q2 to be conducted, the working power supply VDD can provide driving current for the trigger coil K1A through the conducted switch tube Q2, and when the duration of the controller U1 for simultaneously outputting the first switch control signal and the second switch control signal reaches a second preset duration, the thyristor Q1 is turned off; when the controller U1 detects that the thyristor Q1 is turned off, a low-level second switch control signal is output to the switch tube Q2 so as to enable the switch tube Q2 to be turned off, and the working power supply VDD stops providing driving current for the trigger coil K1A so as to realize the turn-off control of the electronic switch K1.
The second preset duration may be consistent with the gate turn-off time of the thyristor Q1, and based on a specific type of the thyristor Q1 in the electronic switch driving circuit, the second preset duration is set according to the gate turn-off time of the thyristor Q1, and then stored in the control module.
Further, the second switch module further includes a resistor R3;
One end of a resistor R3 is connected with the second end of the control module, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with the control end of the switching tube Q2.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the second end of the controller U1, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the control end of the switching tube Q2, where the resistor R3 can play a role in limiting current and protecting the switching tube Q2.
In this embodiment, when the controller U1 needs to detect that the thyristor Q1 is turned off, a low-level second switch control signal is output to the switch tube Q2, based on the resistor R2 connected between the thyristor Q1 and the working power supply VDD, the controller U1 may directly detect the voltage of the resistor R2, after the switch tube Q2 is turned on, since the internal resistance of the switch tube Q2 is far smaller than the sum of the internal resistances of the thyristor Q1 and the resistor R2, the working power supply VDD will provide a driving current to the trigger coil K1A through the turned-on switch tube Q2, and the corresponding current flowing through the thyristor Q1 will be smaller than the anode holding current of the thyristor Q1, at this time, if the voltage detected by the resistor R2 is smaller than the product of the size of the resistor R2 and the anode holding current, it may be determined that the thyristor Q1 is turned off successfully, and the No. 3 pin of the controller U1 may output a low-level second switch control signal to the switch tube Q2, thereby turning off the electronic switch K1.
Further, the switching transistor Q2 includes any one of a transistor, a field effect transistor (e.g., a MOS transistor, a JFET transistor, a MOSFET transistor, etc.), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT transistor), or a photocoupler.
In particular, the switching transistor Q2 may also employ other semiconductor switching devices, which are not limited herein.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the electronic switch K1 is connected to a battery power supply circuit, and the battery power supply circuit includes a power battery BT1 and a load;
The input end of the electronic switch K1 is connected with the power battery BT1, and the output end of the electronic switch K1 is connected with a load.
Specifically, the battery power supply circuit is a circuit in the BMS system, and the on-off of the power battery BT1 and the load can be controlled by the on-off of the electronic switch K1. The electronic switch K1 may be an electronic switch such as a dc contactor, a relay, a solid state relay, a MOS transistor, a JFET transistor, a MOSFET transistor, an IGBT transistor, a gallium nitride power semiconductor, or a silicon carbide power device, and may specifically be selected according to the voltage and the charge-discharge current of the power battery BT 1. The load may be a power system, a climate control system, a cabin, etc., powered by the power battery BT1 to ensure proper operation. The normally open contact K1B of the electronic switch K1 is connected to a battery power supply circuit, the input end of the electronic switch K1 is one end of the normally open contact K1B and is connected with the power battery BT1, and the output end of the electronic switch K1 is the other end of the normally open contact K1B and is connected with a load.
In this embodiment, when the battery power supply circuit of the BMS system works, the normally open contact K1B is turned on, the power battery BT1 supplies power to the load, at this time, if the BMS system has a hardware fault such as a dead halt, a power failure, a damaged driving circuit, or a software fault such as a control program error, because of the turn-on characteristic of the thyristor Q1, even if the control signal of the gate pole G of the thyristor Q1 disappears, the thyristor Q1 can still be kept on, the trigger coil K1A of the electronic switch K1 can keep on, so that the normally open contact K1B is kept on, that is, the electronic switch K1 remains on, so that the electronic switch K1 can be prevented from being turned off due to the BMS system fault, and the power supply of the load disappears.
Still further, the electronic switch K1 includes any one of a contactor such as a dc contactor, a relay, a solid state relay, a field effect transistor (e.g., MOS transistor, JFET transistor, MOSFET transistor, etc.), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT transistor), a gallium nitride power semiconductor, or a silicon carbide power device.
Specifically, the resistor R1, the resistor R2, and the resistor R3 may be selected according to the voltage and the current required in the actual application of the electronic switch driving circuit.
The following describes the circuit principle and device selection for the electronic switch driving circuit of the present embodiment:
In this embodiment, the working power supply VDD selects a low-voltage power supply of 9-36V, the electronic switch K1 directly selects a dc contactor, and defines a coil pull-in current of the dc contactor as I h, a coil pull-in impact current as I mh, and a coil pull-in voltage as V P, so that the thyristor Q1 should be selected as follows: conducting rated current I TAV≥Ih and conducting peak current I TRMS≥Imh; defining that the gate electrode of the thyristor Q1 is turned on at voltage V GT, the gate electrode is turned on at current I GT, the anode voltage is V AK, the anode electrode is turned on at voltage V T (voltage drop when the thyristor Q1 is turned on), the anode holding current is I L, the gate electrode is turned on at time T GT, the gate electrode is turned off at time T q, the current flowing through the thyristor Q1 is I, and the current at the gate electrode of the thyristor Q1 is I G, as shown in FIG. 2;
For each voltage point A, B, C, D, E in fig. 2, corresponding to the operation time sequence of the circuit, a corresponding change is generated, wherein the voltage point E is a 0V potential point, the voltage point a is directly connected with the voltage source, and the voltage is always consistent with the voltage provided by the voltage source;
In the initial state, the thyristor Q1 is in an off state, i=0a, the coil voltage on the trigger coil K1A of the dc contactor is 0, at this time, the voltage at the voltage point C is equal to the voltage at the voltage point E, V C＝VE =0v, the voltage at the voltage point B is equal to the voltage at the voltage point a, V B＝VA＝VDD, and the anode voltage V AK＝VBC＝VB-VC＝VDD of the thyristor Q1;
As can be seen from the thyristor conduction conditions, the anode voltage V AK is more than or equal to 0, the gate voltage V DC≥VGT, the gate current I G≥IGT and the gate high-level time T G≥TGT are required, but when the thyristor Q1 is turned off, V AK＝VDD,VAK is larger than 0, so that only V DC≥VGT、IG≥IGT and T G≥TGT are actually required for conducting the thyristor Q1;
Therefore, when the thyristor Q1 needs to be turned on, the first end of the controller U1, i.e., pin No. 2 of U1 in fig. 2, should output the high level V DD and the time of outputting the high level should be equal to or longer than the gate turn-on time T GT, the thyristor Q1 is triggered to be turned on, the driving current of the trigger coil K1A of the dc contactor will be provided by the voltage source through the turned-on thyristor Q1, and then the dc contactor is turned on; the preferred scheme is that after the system is electrified, the No. 2 pin of the controller U1 always outputs a high level V DD, but after the thyristor Q1 is conducted, the No. 2 pin of the controller U1 can selectively output a high level V DD or a low level, and the forced requirement is not required;
Wherein, the resistor R1 is selected to satisfy the following conditions: the voltage V 2＝VDD＝R1×IGT+VGT+VC of the No. 2 pin of the controller U1 is calculated according to V DC＝VGT and I G＝IGT, when the thyristor Q1 is conducted, V C＝VP, the size of the resistor R1 is, Meanwhile, the power P R1≥IG 2 multiplied by R1 of the resistor R1 is required to be met;
The resistor R2 is selected to satisfy the following conditions: when the thyristor Q1 is on, V DD＝R2×I+VBC+VC, where i=i h、VC＝VP、VBC＝VT, the resistor R2 is of the size, While the power P R2≥Ih 2 x R2 of the resistor R2 should be satisfied.
In this embodiment, the switching tube Q2 is preferably a MOS tube, or may be a switching device such as a triode, and in this embodiment, the switching tube Q2 is selected from the MOS tubes shown in fig. 2, and the selection of the MOS tubes should be satisfied: rated on-current I D≥Ih; defining the gate turn-on voltage of the MOS transistor as V GS, the turn-on voltage as V DS and the gate turn-on current as I GS;
As known from the thyristor turn-off condition, the thyristor is turned off when the current I flowing through the thyristor Q1 is less than or equal to I L or the anode voltage V AK＝VBC is less than or equal to 0;
Therefore, when the thyristor Q1 needs to be turned off, the first end of the controller U1, i.e., pin No. 2 of the U1 in fig. 2, should output a low level, the second end of the controller U1, i.e., pin No. 3 of the U1 in fig. 2, should output a high level for a time equal to or longer than the gate turn-off time T q, and then after the thyristor Q1 is turned off, the second end of the controller U1 outputs a low level again;
When the pin V 3 of the controller U1 outputs a high level, the switching tube Q2 is turned on, at this time, since the internal resistance of the switching tube Q2 is far smaller than the sum of the internal resistances of the thyristor Q1 and the resistor R2, the driving current of the trigger coil K1A of the dc contactor is supplied from the power supply through the turned-on switching tube Q2, and since the switching tube Q2 is turned on, the current I flowing through the thyristor Q1 is reduced to be very small, and when I is not greater than I L, the thyristor Q1 cannot be kept on, and the thyristor Q1 is turned off;
According to the turn-off judging condition of the thyristor Q1, the voltage of the resistor R2 can be selected to be detected, when I is less than or equal to I L, the voltage V R2≤R2×IL of the resistor R2 is determined, after the thyristor Q1 is turned off, the pin V 3 of the No. 3 of the controller U1 outputs a low level, the switching tube Q2 is turned off, the trigger coil K1A of the direct current contactor does not have driving current any more, and the direct current contactor is turned off;
Wherein, the selection of the resistor R3 is as follows: when the switch tube Q2 is conducted, the voltage V 3＝VDD＝R3×IGS+VGS+VC of the No. 3 pin of the controller U1 is calculated according to the gate-on voltage V GS and the gate-on current I GS, when the switch tube Q2 is conducted, the voltage V C＝VP is the resistance R3, While the power P R3≥IGS 2 x R3 of the resistor R3 should be satisfied.
Optionally, an emergency switch may be disposed between the power end of the control module, the common contact of the input end of the switching tube Q2 and one end of the resistor R2 and the working power supply VDD, and is used for manually cutting off the power supply of the working power supply VDD.
Specifically, in practical application, this emergency switch can set up at electric vehicle's driver's cabin or other positions, and when BMS system or its control circuit was unable to work because of software and hardware trouble, lead to control module unable normally to output first switch control signal and second switch control signal according to preset procedure, can cut off working power supply VDD and give trigger coil K1A's power supply through this emergency switch of manual operation to realize the manual work and cut off battery power supply circuit, break off power battery BT 1's output.
In the present embodiment, the thyristor Q1 is used as a main driving device of the electronic switch K1. Compared with the scheme that the switching device drives the direct current contactor, the direct current contactor is kept on only by always providing the control voltage to the switching device, and the thyristor Q1 in the embodiment is not turned off even if the control signal of the gate electrode disappears after being turned on, so that when the controller U1 cannot output the control signal due to the fault, the thyristor Q1 can still be kept on, the electronic switch K1 still remains on, the power supply of the load cannot disappear, and the safety of the battery power supply circuit is ensured.
Compared with the traditional control mode that only one control pin of the controller is required to be powered down to enable the electronic switch to be powered down, in the embodiment, two ports, namely a first end and a second end, of the controller U1 are required to be executed according to a preset control program, the thyristor Q1 is firstly turned off, and then the switching tube Q2 is turned off, so that the triggering coil K1A of the electronic switch K1 is enabled to be powered down normally, and the possibility of abnormal power down of the electronic switch K1 is reduced.
According to the electronic switch driving circuit, when the BMS fails, the electronic switch K1 in the battery power supply circuit cannot be disconnected due to the failure, the battery power supply circuit is prevented from being disconnected, the power battery BT1 cannot supply power to the load to influence the power supply safety of the electric aircraft, so that when the electric aircraft encounters the BMS failure in the flight process, the power battery BT1 still can ensure the power supply of the load such as a power system, the flight state is maintained to be controlled until the ground is landed safely, and the flight safety is ensured.
Example III
The present embodiment proposes an electric aircraft, which may include:
The battery power supply circuit comprises an electronic switch K1;
The electronic switch driving circuit according to the first or second embodiment;
The electronic switch driving circuit is connected with the electronic switch K1.
The specific structure of the electronic switch driving circuit may refer to the above embodiments, and since the present embodiment adopts all the technical solutions of all the embodiments of the electronic switch driving circuit, at least the technical solutions of the embodiments have all the beneficial effects, which are not described in detail herein.
It should be noted that, the foregoing reference numerals of the embodiments of the present utility model are merely for describing the embodiments, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. The above embodiments are only optional embodiments of the present utility model, and not limiting the scope of the present utility model, and all equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings under the concept of the present utility model, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. An electronic switch driving circuit connected to an electronic switch K1, the electronic switch driving circuit comprising:
The control module is used for outputting a first switch control signal and a second switch control signal;
The first switch module is respectively connected with the control module, the working power supply and the control end of the electronic switch K1 and is used for being conducted according to the first switch control signal so as to enable the electronic switch K1 to be closed;
The second switch module is respectively connected with the control module, the working power supply and the control end of the electronic switch K1 and is used for being conducted according to the second switch control signal so as to enable the first switch module to be turned off, and is turned off according to the second switch control signal so as to enable the electronic switch K1 to be turned off.
2. The electronic switch drive circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switch module comprises a thyristor Q1;
The gate electrode of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the first end of the control module, the anode of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the working power supply, and the cathode of the thyristor Q1 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1.
3. The electronic switch drive circuit of claim 2 wherein said first switch module further comprises a resistor R1;
one end of the resistor R1 is connected with the first end of the control module, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the gate electrode of the thyristor Q1.
4. The electronic switch drive circuit of claim 2 wherein said first switch module further comprises a resistor R2;
One end of the resistor R2 is connected with the working power supply, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with the anode of the thyristor Q1.
5. The electronic switch driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second switch module includes a switching tube Q2;
the control end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the second end of the control module, the input end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the working power supply, and the output end of the switching tube Q2 is connected with the control end of the electronic switch K1.
6. The electronic switch drive circuit of claim 5 wherein said second switch module further comprises a resistor R3;
One end of the resistor R3 is connected with the second end of the control module, and the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with the control end of the switching tube Q2.
7. The electronic switch driving circuit according to claim 5, wherein the switching transistor Q2 comprises any one of a triode, a field effect transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, or a photocoupler.
8. The electronic switch driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the electronic switch K1 is connected to a battery power supply circuit, the battery power supply circuit including a power battery BT1 and a load;
The input end of the electronic switch K1 is connected with the power battery BT1, and the output end of the electronic switch K1 is connected with the load.
9. The electronic switch driving circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the electronic switch K1 comprises any one of a contactor, a relay, a solid state relay, a field effect transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a gallium nitride power semiconductor, or a silicon carbide power device.
10. An electric aircraft, comprising:
A battery-powered circuit comprising an electronic switch K1;
The electronic switch driving circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 9;
The electronic switch driving circuit is connected with the electronic switch K1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322973067.0U CN221151340U (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Electronic switch driving circuit and electric aircraft |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202322973067.0U CN221151340U (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Electronic switch driving circuit and electric aircraft |
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| CN221151340U true CN221151340U (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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| CN202322973067.0U Active CN221151340U (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Electronic switch driving circuit and electric aircraft |
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| CN (1) | CN221151340U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-11-02 CN CN202322973067.0U patent/CN221151340U/en active Active
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