CN220753710U

CN220753710U - Battery monomer, battery and power consumption device

Info

Publication number: CN220753710U
Application number: CN202322314717.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张茜
Original assignee: Shanghai Lanjun New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Lanjun New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-08-25
Filing date: 2023-08-25
Publication date: 2024-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2033-08-25

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery monomer which comprises a shell, an electric core and a porous center column, wherein the porous center column penetrates through a center hole of the electric core. The extender can be injected into the porous center column in the process of assembling the battery cells, and the extender can be electrolyte, high-lithium salt electrolyte and the like. During the charge-discharge cycle, the cell expands and consumes lithium ions in the electrolyte, thereby causing the concentration of the electrolyte in the receiving chamber to gradually decrease. When the concentration difference exists between the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity and the replenisher, the replenisher diffuses from the porous center column into the accommodating cavity, so that the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity is replenished. As the number of cycles increases, lithium ions will be gradually consumed, resulting in a gradual decrease in the concentration of electrolyte in the receiving chamber, so the replenisher in the porous center column will be continually replenished into the receiving chamber. Thus, the cycle life of the battery cell can be significantly improved. In addition, the utility model also provides a battery and an electric device.

Description

Battery monomer, battery and power consumption device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a battery monomer, a battery and an electric device.

Background

With the continuous development of new energy automobiles, the performance requirements on power batteries are also higher and higher. In order to improve the conductivity of the battery, reduce the internal resistance and improve the output power, silicon is generally doped at the negative electrode of the battery core so as to form a layer of compact silicide film on the surface of the negative electrode, thereby effectively preventing the negative electrode from continuing to be silicided.

However, the silicon particles expand during the battery charge and discharge cycles, causing lithium ion deintercalation. The lithium ions after deintercalation need to form new interfaces and continuously consume the lithium ions in the electrolyte. Therefore, as the cycle number of the battery increases, lithium ions in the electrolyte may be insufficient to cause a sudden decrease in cycle, i.e., cycle skip.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a battery cell and a battery that can improve cycle life.

A battery cell comprising:

a housing having a receiving cavity;

the cylindrical battery cell is accommodated in the accommodating cavity, and a central hole extending along the axial direction of the battery cell is formed in the center of the battery cell; and

The porous center column is penetrated into the center hole, and a pore is formed in the porous center column so that the porous center column can absorb the supplement;

when the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity and the replenisher in the porous central column have concentration differences, the replenisher can diffuse from the porous central column into the accommodating cavity.

In one embodiment, the porous center post is resilient and is capable of elastic deformation under compression.

In one embodiment, the porous center post is cylindrical such that the outer wall of the porous center post can conform to the inner wall of the center hole.

In one embodiment, the porous center column is capable of swelling upon absorption of the supplement.

In one embodiment, the porous center column comprises a sponge carrier.

In one embodiment, the porous center column has a porosity of 20% or more and 75% or less.

In one embodiment, the outer wall of the porous center column is formed with a diversion trench.

In one embodiment, the diversion trench is elongated and extends along the axial direction of the porous center column; or, the diversion trench is spiral.

According to the battery cell, the supplement can be injected into the porous center column in the process of assembling the battery cell, and the supplement can be electrolyte, high-lithium salt electrolyte and the like. During the charge-discharge cycle, the cell expands and consumes lithium ions in the electrolyte, thereby causing the concentration of the electrolyte in the receiving chamber to gradually decrease. When the concentration difference exists between the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity and the replenisher, the replenisher diffuses from the porous center column into the accommodating cavity, so that the electrolyte in the accommodating cavity is replenished. As the number of cycles increases, lithium ions will be gradually consumed, resulting in a gradual decrease in the concentration of electrolyte in the receiving chamber, so the replenisher in the porous center column will be continually replenished into the receiving chamber. Thus, the cycle life of the battery cell can be significantly improved.

In addition, the utility model also provides a battery and an electric device.

A battery comprising a plurality of cells as in any of the above preferred embodiments.

An electrical device comprising a battery cell as described in any of the above preferred embodiments or a battery as described in the above preferred embodiments.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a battery cell according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 1 taken along line A-A;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the battery cell shown in fig. 2 with the porous center post omitted;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a porous center pillar in the battery cell shown in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the utility model will be readily understood, a more particular description of the utility model will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present utility model. The present utility model may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the utility model, whereby the utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present utility model, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present utility model, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.

The utility model discloses an electric device, a battery and a battery cell. The electric device can be a vehicle, a mobile phone, portable equipment, a notebook computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, energy storage equipment, recreation equipment, an elevator, lifting equipment and the like. The vehicle can be a fuel oil vehicle, a fuel gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle or a range-extended vehicle; spacecraft including airplanes, rockets, space planes, spacecraft, and the like; the electric toy includes fixed or mobile electric toys, such as a game machine, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, or an electric plane toy, etc.; power tools include metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railroad power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and the like; the energy storage device can be an energy storage wall, a base station energy storage, a container energy storage and the like; the amusement device may be a carousel, a stair jump machine, or the like. The present application does not particularly limit the above-described power consumption device.

For new energy automobiles, the battery can be used as a driving power source to replace fossil fuel to provide driving power.

The battery may be a battery pack or a battery module. When the battery is a battery pack, the battery pack specifically includes a Battery Management System (BMS) and a plurality of the battery cells. The battery management system is used for controlling and monitoring the working states of the battery monomers. In addition, a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series and/or in parallel and form a battery module together with a module management system, and then the battery modules are electrically connected in series, in parallel or in a mode of mixing the series and the parallel and form a battery pack together with the battery management system.

The battery pack or the battery module can be arranged on a supporting structure such as a box body, a frame and a bracket, and the battery cells can be electrically connected through a confluence part. The battery cell may be a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery or a magnesium ion battery, and its external contour may be a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, but is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the battery cell is a lithium ion cylindrical battery.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a battery cell 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model includes a housing 100, a cell 200, and a porous center column 300.

The housing 100 may be formed of aluminum, stainless steel, or the like, and has a housing cavity (not shown) formed therein for housing the battery cell 200, the porous center post 300, and other components such as an electrolyte. Furthermore, at least one end of the housing 100 is provided with an opening through which the battery cell 200 can be fitted into the housing 100. The outer contour of the case 100 determines the outer contour of the battery cell 10. Since the battery cell 10 in the present embodiment is a cylindrical battery, the case 100 has a cylindrical shape.

The battery cell 200 is accommodated in the accommodation chamber of the housing 100, and is a core component of the battery cell 10. The battery cell 200 may be formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator having an insulating function between the negative electrode sheet and the positive electrode sheet. The battery cell 200 is cylindrical and is adapted to the shape of the housing 100.

The negative electrode of the cell 200 is doped with silicon, i.e. the negative electrode sheet is doped with a silicon material, which may be pure silicon, silicon carbon or silicon oxygen. The surface of the negative electrode plate doped with silicon can form a layer of compact silicide film, so that the negative electrode plate can be effectively prevented from being continuously silicided, the conductivity of the battery cell 200 is improved, the internal resistance is reduced, and the output power is improved. The expansion rate of silicon is larger, and silicon particles doped in the negative plate can expand in the process of charge-discharge cycle. The expansion causes lithium ion deintercalation of the cell 200. After the lithium ions are deintercalated, new interfaces are required to be formed, so that lithium ions in the electrolyte are continuously consumed, and the concentration of the lithium ions in the electrolyte is reduced.

Referring to fig. 3, a central hole 201 extending along the axial direction of the battery cell 200 is formed at the center of the battery cell 200. The porous center post 300 is disposed through the center hole 201. Also, the inside of the porous center column 300 is formed with pores to enable the porous center column 300 to absorb the supplement.

The extender can be a conventional electrolyte, a high lithium salt electrolyte or a solution containing different additives. The extender may be injected into the porous center post 300 before the cell 200 is installed in the housing 100 and before the housing 100 is sealed, or may be injected into the porous center post 300 together with the electrolyte. When the extender is a conventional electrolyte, the electrolyte may be excessively injected when the battery cell 10 is injected, and the excessive electrolyte may be absorbed by the porous center column 300 to serve as the extender. Typically, the amount of injected fluid is greater than about 20% as compared to a cell of the same type without the porous center post 300.

Further, when there is a concentration difference between the electrolyte in the housing cavity of the housing 100 and the extender in the porous center column 300, the extender can diffuse from the porous center column 300 into the housing cavity. During the charge-discharge cycle, the cell 200 expands and consumes lithium ions in the electrolyte, resulting in a gradual decrease in the concentration of the electrolyte within the receiving chamber. When the concentration of the electrolyte in the receiving cavity is reduced to be lower than the concentration of the replenisher in the porous center column 300, the replenisher can be diffused into the receiving cavity by the porous center column 300, so that the electrolyte in the receiving cavity is replenished until the concentration of the electrolyte and the concentration of the replenisher reach balance.

As the number of cycles increases, lithium ions in the electrolyte are gradually consumed, resulting in a gradual decrease in the concentration of electrolyte within the receiving chamber. Each time the concentration of electrolyte decreases, the replenisher in the porous center column 300 diffuses toward the receiving chamber, thereby replenishing the replenisher into the receiving chamber. Therefore, the concentration of the electrolyte in the housing chamber can be maintained at a high level for a long period of time, thereby contributing to the improvement of the cycle life of the battery cell 10.

Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, a diversion trench 301 is formed on the outer wall of the porous center pillar 300. The diversion trench 301 can form a gap between the outer wall of the porous center pillar 300 and the inner wall of the center hole 201, thereby helping the electrolyte smoothly flow between the outer wall of the porous center pillar 300 and the inner wall of the center hole 201. In this manner, the electrolyte within the receiving cavity is allowed to fully contact the replenisher within the porous center column 300, helping to spread the replenisher into the receiving cavity.

Further, in the present embodiment, the diversion trench 301 is elongated and extends along the axial direction of the porous center column 300. Therefore, the electrolyte can flow well in the axial direction of the porous center column 300. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, the diversion trench 301 can have other shapes, such as spiral shape.

In the present embodiment, the porosity of the porous center column 300 is 20% or more and 75% or less. The greater the porosity of the porous center column 300, the greater its ability to absorb and store supplements. When the porosity of the porous center column 300 is less than 20%, insufficient absorption and storage of the supplement by the porous center column 300 may result in a later-period no supplement being released or a lower amount per administration than required. However, excessive porosity may result in unstable support structures of the porous center column 300. When the porosity of the porous center column 300 is greater than 75%, the extender is easily excessively released, resulting in insufficient supplement amount at the end of the cycle of the battery cell 10, and continuous supplement of the extender cannot be achieved.

In this embodiment, the porous center column 300 is capable of swelling upon absorption of the supplement. That is, the diameter of the porous center column 300 is smaller than the diameter after the supplement is injected, before the supplement is injected into the porous center column. In this manner, the porous center post 300 can be inserted into the center hole 201 of the cell 200 prior to the injection of the supplement, thereby facilitating the assembly of the porous center post 300.

The porous center column 300 can be made of different materials according to the liquid storage requirement of the supplement, so as to obtain different swelling ratios w. w is the ratio of the cross-sectional area of porous center column 300 after the supplement is injected to the cross-sectional area before, i.e., w=r ₁ ² /r ₀ ² . It can be seen that the porous center column 300 changes in volume swell after the supplement is injectedh height of the porous center column 300, and the amount of supplement that can be accommodated l=a+pi r02 h s. Preferably, w is less than or equal to 5.9.

In particular, in this embodiment, the porous center column 300 comprises a sponge carrier. The sponge carrier may form a fibrous scaffold formed of a three-dimensional network that absorbs the supplement at a rate and undergoes volume swelling upon injection of the supplement to effectively lock the supplement, ultimately forming a reservoir for the supplement.

In addition, since the porous center pillar 300 is located at the center of the cell 200 and is volumetrically expanded to abut against the inner wall of the center hole 210 after the supplement is injected, it is possible to play a supporting role inside the cell 200. Thus, the porous center column 300 can effectively prevent the inner ring pole piece of the battery cell 200 from expanding reversely to the center hole 201 to form a bad interface while storing the supplement, so that the structure and the function stability of the battery cell 200 can be maintained, and the cycle life of the battery cell 10 can be further improved.

In this embodiment, the porous center post 300 has elasticity and is capable of being elastically deformed under compression. Therefore, the porous center column 300 can elastically abut against the inner wall of the center hole 201, so that a better buffering effect can be achieved, and the pole piece of the battery cell 200 is not easily damaged when the battery cell 200 expands.

In this embodiment, the porous center post 300 has a cylindrical shape so that the outer wall of the porous center post 300 can be fitted with the inner wall of the center hole 201. The cylindrical porous center column 300 has better supporting effect on the inner wall of the center hole 201, and can better prevent the pole piece of the inner ring of the battery cell 200 from deforming.

The battery cell 10 may be filled with a supplement, which may be an electrolyte, a high-lithium salt electrolyte, or the like, into the porous center column 300 during the assembly of the battery cell 10. During the charge-discharge cycle, the battery cell 200 expands and consumes lithium ions in the electrolyte, thereby causing the concentration of the electrolyte in the receiving chamber to gradually decrease. When the electrolyte in the holding chamber and the replenisher have a concentration difference, the replenisher diffuses from the porous center column 300 into the holding chamber, thereby replenishing the electrolyte in the holding chamber. As the number of cycles increases, lithium ions will be gradually consumed, resulting in a gradual decrease in the concentration of electrolyte in the receiving chamber, so the replenisher in the porous center column 300 will be continually replenished into the receiving chamber. Thus, the cycle life of the battery cell 10 described above can be significantly improved.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the utility model, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the utility model, which are all within the scope of the utility model. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present utility model is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery cell, comprising:

a housing having a receiving cavity;

2. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the porous center post is resilient and is capable of elastic deformation under compression.

3. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the porous center post is cylindrical such that an outer wall of the porous center post can conform to an inner wall of the center hole.

4. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the porous center column is capable of swelling upon absorption of the extender.

5. The battery cell of claim 4, wherein the porous center post comprises a sponge carrier.

6. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the porous center column has a porosity of 20% or more and 75% or less.

7. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the porous center post is formed with a flow guide groove.

8. The battery cell of claim 7, wherein the flow channel is elongated and extends axially of the porous center post; or, the diversion trench is spiral.

9. A battery comprising a plurality of cells according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An electrical device comprising a battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a battery according to claim 9.