CN220670726U - Radiation temperature error measuring device - Google Patents
Radiation temperature error measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN220670726U CN220670726U CN202322351234.8U CN202322351234U CN220670726U CN 220670726 U CN220670726 U CN 220670726U CN 202322351234 U CN202322351234 U CN 202322351234U CN 220670726 U CN220670726 U CN 220670726U
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011797 cavity material Substances 0.000 description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005457 Black-body radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a radiation temperature error measuring device, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a flat test piece, a standard infrared temperature measurement combination, an infrared thermometer to be detected, a first heater and a second heater; two cylindrical cavities are formed in the flat plate test piece, one cylindrical cavity is a first equivalent black body, and the other cylindrical cavity is a second equivalent black body; the standard infrared temperature measurement combination is arranged on the outer side of the flat test piece; the first heater is arranged on one side of the flat test piece, the second heater is arranged on the other side of the flat test piece, the first heater is opposite to the second heater, and the first heater and the second heater are used for heating the flat test piece; the infrared thermometer to be detected is arranged on one side, far away from the flat-plate test piece, of the second heater. The utility model avoids the influence of the radiation light interference of the heater and the change of the target emissivity on the temperature measurement reference, thereby realizing the accurate temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer in the radiation heating environment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of non-contact infrared temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a radiation temperature error measurement device.
Background
The temperature parameter is the most basic and important thermal environment parameter for the radiant heating test. The temperature test mainly adopts two technologies of contact type and non-contact type. The contact type temperature measurement mainly adopts a thermocouple sensor, has the characteristics of low cost and high temperature measurement precision, but uses the temperature below 1600 ℃ for a long time (type B thermocouple); tungsten-rhenium thermocouples have high melting points (higher than 3000 ℃) and large thermoelectric voltages, but are extremely easy to rapidly oxidize at higher than 500 ℃ to cause temperature measurement failure. On the other hand, the contact temperature measurement can change the thermal field distribution of the structure, and certain errors are caused to the simulation of the real flight working condition. Compared with the method, the non-contact temperature measurement mainly adopts an infrared thermometer, and the target temperature is obtained by relying on the blackbody radiation law. The non-contact radiation temperature measurement has the characteristics of wide temperature measurement range and no damage to the distribution of structural thermal fields, and plays a role in radiation heating test.
However, how to evaluate the accuracy of the infrared radiation thermometer in the radiation heating environment is important for the assessment of the radiation heat test. There are two main methods of evaluation commonly used, one is to calibrate an infrared thermometer in a laboratory environment with a high Wen Jizhun source (e.g., a high temperature blackbody furnace). The laboratory environment and the radiation heating environment of the structural heat test have great difference, and the radiation light interference of the heater is reflected to the infrared thermometer through the test piece in the heating process of the structural heat test, and the problem does not exist in the calibration of the laboratory environment, so that the method for evaluating the infrared thermometer by the laboratory environment is not suitable for the structural heat test. In another evaluation method, a thermocouple is arranged on a test piece to serve as a temperature measurement reference, and the temperature measured by an infrared thermometer is compared with the temperature measured by the infrared thermometer under the radiation heating environment. The method has the problems that the upper limit of the thermocouple temperature measurement is limited (not more than 1600 ℃), and the thermocouple is affected by other factors in the heating process to cause inaccurate temperature measurement, so the thermocouple cannot be used as a temperature measurement reference.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model solves the technical problems that: the defect of the prior art is overcome, the radiation temperature error measuring device is provided, an equivalent blackbody is introduced into a radiation heating environment, the influence of the radiation light interference of a heater and the change of target emissivity on a temperature measurement reference is avoided, and the accurate temperature measurement error of an infrared thermometer under the radiation heating environment is further realized.
The utility model aims at realizing the following technical scheme: a radiation temperature error measurement device, comprising: the device comprises a flat test piece, a standard infrared temperature measurement combination, an infrared thermometer to be detected, a first heater and a second heater; two cylindrical cavities are formed in the flat plate test piece, one cylindrical cavity is a first equivalent black body, the other cylindrical cavity is a second equivalent black body, the first equivalent black body is located at one end of the flat plate test piece, and the second equivalent black body is located at the other end of the flat plate test piece; the standard infrared temperature measurement combination is arranged on the outer side of the flat test piece and is used for testing the temperatures of the first equivalent black body and the second equivalent black body; the first heater is arranged on one side of the flat-plate test piece, the second heater is arranged on the other side of the flat-plate test piece, the first heater is opposite to the second heater, and the first heater and the second heater are used for heating the flat-plate test piece; the infrared thermometer to be detected is arranged on one side, far away from the flat-plate test piece, of the second heater.
In the radiation temperature error measuring device, the standard infrared temperature measuring combination comprises a first standard infrared thermometer and a second standard infrared thermometer; the first standard infrared thermometer is positioned at the outer side of one end of the flat test piece and is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent black body; the second standard infrared thermometer is positioned at the outer side of one end of the flat test piece and is used for testing the temperature of the second equivalent black body.
In the radiation temperature error measuring device, the standard infrared temperature measuring combination comprises a first standard infrared thermometer and a thermocouple; the first standard infrared thermometer is positioned at the outer side of one end of the flat test piece and is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent black body; the thermocouple is arranged in the second equivalent black body, and the thermocouple is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent black body.
The radiation temperature error measuring apparatus further includes: a data acquisition device; when the first heater and the second heater heat the flat-plate test piece to a preset target temperature, the first standard infrared thermometer measures the temperature of the first equivalent black body, the second standard infrared thermometer measures the temperature of the second equivalent black body, and the infrared thermometer to be detected measures the temperature of the flat-plate test piece; the data acquisition device obtains average temperature according to the temperature of the first equivalent black body measured by the first standard infrared thermometer and the temperature of the second equivalent black body measured by the second standard infrared thermometer, and obtains temperature measurement error when the target temperature is preset according to the average temperature and the temperature of the flat test piece measured by the infrared thermometer to be detected.
The radiation temperature error measuring apparatus further includes: a data acquisition device; when the first heater and the second heater heat the flat-plate test piece to a preset target temperature, the first standard infrared thermometer measures the temperature of the first equivalent black body, the thermocouple measures the temperature of the second equivalent black body, and the infrared thermometer to be detected measures the temperature of the flat-plate test piece; the data acquisition device obtains average temperature according to the temperature of the first equivalent black body measured by the first standard infrared thermometer and the temperature of the second equivalent black body measured by the thermocouple, and obtains temperature measurement errors when the target temperature is preset according to the average temperature and the temperature of the flat plate test piece measured by the infrared thermometer to be detected.
In the radiation temperature error measuring device, the ratio of the cavity length of the first equivalent black body to the cavity opening diameter is not less than 10.
In the radiation temperature error measuring device, the ratio of the cavity length of the second equivalent black body to the cavity opening diameter is not less than 10.
In the radiation temperature error measuring device, the flat test piece is graphite.
In the radiation temperature error measuring device, the first heater is a quartz lamp, and the second heater is a quartz lamp.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the utility model, the equivalent blackbody is introduced into the radiation heating environment, so that the influence of the radiation light interference of the heater and the change of the target emissivity on the temperature measurement reference is avoided, the accurate temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer in the radiation heating environment is realized, and the development of the radiation heating test temperature test technology is promoted;
(2) The utility model designs a flat test piece embedded with an equivalent blackbody, and only L: d is more than or equal to 10, the spectral emissivity can meet the requirement of the infrared radiation detector as a blackbody, and the infrared radiation detector is not affected by the radiation interference of the heater, so that the accuracy of the temperature measurement of the standard infrared thermometer is ensured, and the problem that the real temperature of a test piece cannot be obtained in a radiation heating environment is solved;
(3) The utility model adopts a double-sided heating method, ensures the heating uniformity of the equivalent blackbody plate test piece, ensures the temperature of the inner surface and the outer surface of the blackbody cavity to be consistent, and provides a basic guarantee for radiation temperature measurement error evaluation.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a different L of monte carlo simulations provided by an embodiment of the present utility model: a plot of D ratio versus emissivity;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first equivalent black body or a second equivalent black body provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a flat test piece according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radiation temperature error measurement device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another structure of a radiation temperature error measurement device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a radiation temperature error measurement method according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present utility model and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
As shown in fig. 4 or 5, the present embodiment provides a radiation temperature error measurement device, including: the device comprises a flat test piece 2, a standard infrared temperature measurement combination, an infrared thermometer to be detected 4, a first heater 6 and a second heater 7; two cylindrical cavities are formed in the flat plate test piece 2, one cylindrical cavity is a first equivalent black body 1-1, the other cylindrical cavity is a second equivalent black body 1-2, the first equivalent black body 1-1 is located at one end of the flat plate test piece 2, and the second equivalent black body 1-2 is located at the other end of the flat plate test piece 2; the standard infrared temperature measurement combination is arranged on the outer side of the flat test piece 2 and is used for testing the temperatures of the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2; the first heater 6 is arranged on one side of the flat-plate test piece 2, the second heater 7 is arranged on the other side of the flat-plate test piece 2, the first heater 6 is opposite to the second heater 7, and the first heater 6 and the second heater 7 are used for heating the flat-plate test piece 2; the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected is arranged on one side of the second heater 7 far away from the flat-plate test piece 2.
As shown in fig. 4, the standard infrared temperature measurement combination includes a first standard infrared temperature measurement instrument 3 and a second standard infrared temperature measurement instrument 5; the first standard infrared thermometer 3 is positioned at the outer side of one end of the flat test piece 2, and the first standard infrared thermometer 3 is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent blackbody 1-1; the second standard infrared thermometer 5 is located outside one end of the flat test piece 2, and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 is used for testing the temperature of the second equivalent black body 1-2.
As shown in fig. 5, the standard infrared temperature measurement combination comprises a first standard infrared thermometer 3 and a thermocouple 8; the first standard infrared thermometer 3 is positioned at the outer side of one end of the flat test piece 2, and the first standard infrared thermometer 3 is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent blackbody 1-1; the thermocouple 8 is arranged in the second equivalent black body 1-2, and the thermocouple 8 is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent black body 1-1.
The radiation temperature error measuring device further includes: and a data acquisition device. Wherein,
when the first heater 6 and the second heater 7 heat the flat-plate test piece 2 to a preset target temperature, the first standard infrared thermometer 3 measures the temperature of the first equivalent black body 1-1, the second standard infrared thermometer 5 measures the temperature of the second equivalent black body 1-2, and the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected measures the temperature of the flat-plate test piece 2; the data acquisition device obtains the average temperature according to the temperature of the first equivalent black body 1-1 measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the temperature of the second equivalent black body 1-2 measured by the second standard infrared thermometer 5, and obtains the temperature measurement error when the target temperature is preset according to the average temperature and the temperature of the flat-plate test piece 2 measured by the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected.
Or when the first heater 6 and the second heater 7 heat the flat-plate test piece 2 to a preset target temperature, the first standard infrared thermometer 3 measures the temperature of the first equivalent black body 1-1, the thermocouple 8 measures the temperature of the second equivalent black body 1-2, and the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected measures the temperature of the flat-plate test piece 2; the data acquisition device obtains the average temperature according to the temperature of the first equivalent black body 1-1 measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the temperature of the second equivalent black body 1-2 measured by the thermocouple 8, and obtains the temperature measurement error when the target temperature is preset according to the average temperature and the temperature of the flat plate test piece 2 measured by the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected.
The ratio of the cavity length of the first equivalent black body 1-1 to the cavity opening diameter is not less than 10. The ratio of the cavity length to the cavity opening diameter of the second equivalent black body 1-2 is not less than 10.
According to the kirchhoff black body design method, the cavity type opening structure utilizes the repeated absorption and reflection of radiant energy in the cavity, and finally the total absorption is approximately considered as an ideal black body. In consideration of convenience in processing, in the embodiment, the equivalent black bodies (the first equivalent black body and the second equivalent black body) are designed to be of a cylindrical cavity structure, and graphite is selected as a material. In order to find the appropriate ratio of the cavity length (L) to the cavity opening diameter (D), simulations were performed using the monte carlo method, changing L: d, calculating the equivalent blackbody emissivity.
As can be seen from the graph 1, the L is more than or equal to 10, the emissivity of the equivalent blackbody (the first equivalent blackbody and the second equivalent blackbody) is not lower than 0.9999, and the requirement of the emissivity of the blackbody is met.
In consideration of heating uniformity, the equivalent black bodies (a first equivalent black body and a second equivalent black body) are embedded into the flat plate test piece 2, namely, two cylindrical cavities are formed in the flat plate test piece 2, one cylindrical cavity is the first equivalent black body 1-1, the other cylindrical cavity is the second equivalent black body 1-2, and the flat plate test piece is made of graphite, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 (or the thermocouple 8) are adopted to test the temperatures in the cavities of the equivalent blackbody 1-1 and the equivalent blackbody 1-2 respectively. The first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 are positioned in the flat test piece 2, so that the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 are not interfered by radiation light of a heater, and the emissivity of the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 is approximately 1 and does not change along with the temperature, so that the temperatures measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 (or the thermocouple 8) can be used as temperature measurement references. In addition to being used as a temperature measurement reference, the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 (or the thermocouple 8) can also be used for judging whether the flat test piece is heated uniformly.
In order to ensure that the flat-plate test piece 2 is heated uniformly, double-sided heating is performed by adopting double heaters (a first heater 6 and a second heater 7), and heating elements of the heaters are graphite or quartz lamps.
The first standard infrared thermometer 3 is placed beside the first equivalent black body 1-1 of the flat test piece 2, the second standard infrared thermometer 5 is placed beside the second equivalent black body 1-2 of the flat test piece 2, and the measured equivalent black body temperature is used as a temperature measurement reference. The infrared thermometer 4 to be detected is placed on the right side of the flat-plate test piece 2, and the temperature of the flat-plate test piece 2 is obtained through a gap between heating elements of the second heater 7.
The first heater 6 and the second heater 7 uniformly heat the flat-plate test piece 2 at the same time, heat the temperature of the test piece to the target temperature 1, record the temperature measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 after stabilizing (the temperature fluctuation measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3, the second standard infrared thermometer 5 and the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected is not more than 1 ℃), and calculate the average temperature to be T0; the temperature T1 measured by the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected is recorded. At this time, the temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected at the target temperature 1 is:
and by analogy, respectively heating the flat-plate test piece 2 to the target temperature 2 and the target temperature 3 and … … target temperature n, recording the temperatures measured by the steady-state standard first standard infrared thermometer 3, the steady-state standard second standard infrared thermometer 5 and the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected, and calculating the temperature measuring errors e2 and e3 … … en of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected at the corresponding temperatures according to the steps.
At this time, the maximum values of e1, e2, e3 and … … en are the temperature measurement errors of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected in the radiation heating environment.
It should be noted that, first, the black body herein refers to the first equivalent black body or the second equivalent black body. Presetting an equivalent black cavity as a uniform temperature body, wherein the temperature is T, the surface emissivity of the equivalent black cavity material is epsilon, the radius of the bottom surface of the equivalent black cavity is r, the area is A1, the depth of the equivalent black cavity is h,the equivalent blackbody cavity side surface circular area is A3, and the distance between the equivalent blackbody cavity side surface micro-element surface and the blackbody cavity bottom surface micro-element surface is l, phi 1 And phi 2 The calculating formulas of the equivalent blackness coefficient epsilon' of the equivalent blackbody cavity are as follows:
equivalent is the following set of equations:
ε'＝ε+ε·(1-ε)·A 3 X 3,1 ；
the above formula is used as an auxiliary formula of Monte Carlo simulation, so that the emissivity of the equivalent black body cavity is approximately 1, and the designed cylindrical cavity type equivalent black body can be used as a high Wen Jizhun source in a radiation heating environment.
Example 1
1) Equivalent blackbody design, machining
According to Monte Carlo simulation results, as long as the cylindrical cavity type structure meets the ratio of cavity length (L) to cavity opening diameter (D) not less than 10, the emissivity is more than 0.99, and the blackbody emissivity requirement is met. In consideration of heating uniformity, the equivalent black bodies are embedded into the flat plate test piece 2, namely, the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 with cylindrical cavity structures are processed in the flat plate test piece 2. For this reason, the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2L of the cylindrical cavity type structure are 125mm in length, 10mm in opening diameter D, 260mm in length, 60mm in height and 20mm in thickness. The material of the flat test piece 2 is graphite.
Two equivalent blackbody (a first equivalent blackbody 1-1 and a second equivalent blackbody 1-2) are designed in the flat test piece 2. The first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 are positioned in the flat test piece 2, so that the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 are not interfered by radiation light of a heater, and the emissivity of the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 is approximately 1 and does not change along with temperature, so that the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 can be used as temperature measurement references. Besides being used for temperature measurement reference, the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 can also be used for judging whether the flat-plate test piece 2 is heated uniformly.
2) Heater selection
In order to ensure that the flat-plate test piece 2 is heated uniformly, double-sided heating is performed by adopting double heaters (a left heater 6 and a right heater 7), and a heating element of the heater is graphite.
3) Temperature measurement error evaluation step of infrared thermometer
In the embodiment, the temperature measuring ranges of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected, the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 are 500-2200 ℃, and the temperature measuring precision of the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 is 0.35%.
As shown in fig. 4, a first standard infrared thermometer 3 is placed beside a first equivalent black body 1-1 of a flat test piece 2, and a second standard infrared thermometer 5 is placed beside a second equivalent black body 1-2 of the flat test piece 2, and the measured equivalent black body temperature is used as a temperature measurement reference. The infrared thermometer 4 to be detected is placed on the right side of the flat-plate test piece 2, and the temperature of the flat-plate test piece is obtained through a gap between heating elements of the right heater 7.
The left heater 6 and the right heater 7 are used for uniformly heating the flat-plate test piece 2, heating the flat-plate test piece 2 to 500 ℃, and judging that the flat-plate test piece 2 is uniformly heated and the temperatures of the inner wall and the outer wall are consistent when the difference between the temperatures of the equivalent blackbody measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 is not more than 0.5 ℃ and the temperature fluctuation measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3, the second standard infrared thermometer 5 and the infrared thermometer to be detected 4 is not more than 1 ℃.
The temperature T0 measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3, the temperature T0' measured by the second standard infrared thermometer 5 and the temperature T1 measured by the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected are recorded. Taking the average temperature (T= (T0+T0')/2) of the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the second standard infrared thermometer 5 as a temperature measurement reference, wherein the temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected at 500 ℃ is as follows:
and by analogy, the flat test piece 2 is heated to 700 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1200 ℃, 1500 ℃, 1800 ℃ and 22000 ℃ respectively. According to the steps, the temperatures measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3, the second standard infrared thermometer 5 and the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected at each steady-state temperature are recorded, and the temperature measuring errors e2, e3, e4, e5, e6 and e7 of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected at each temperature are calculated.
Taking the maximum values of e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6 and e7, namely the temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected in the radiation heating environment.
Example two
1) Equivalent blackbody design, machining
According to Monte Carlo simulation results, as long as the cylindrical cavity type structure meets the ratio of cavity length (L) to cavity opening diameter (D) not less than 10, the emissivity is more than 0.99, and the blackbody emissivity requirement is met. In consideration of heating uniformity, the equivalent black bodies are embedded into the flat plate test piece 2, namely, the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 with cylindrical cavity structures are processed in the flat plate test piece 2. For this reason, the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 of the cylindrical cavity structure are designed to have a cavity length L of 125mm, an opening diameter D of 10mm, a length of 260mm, a height of 60mm and a thickness of 20mm. The material of the flat test piece 2 is graphite.
As shown in FIG. 5, a flat test piece 2 is designed with two equivalent black bodies (a first equivalent black body 1-1 and a second equivalent black body 1-2), one is used for measuring the temperature of a first standard infrared thermometer 3, and the other is provided with a B-type thermocouple 8 in the cavity of the second equivalent black body 1-2 to test the temperature in the cavity. The first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 are positioned in the flat test piece 2, so that the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 are not interfered by radiation light of a heater, and the emissivity of the first equivalent black body 1-1 and the second equivalent black body 1-2 is approximately 1 and does not change along with temperature, so that the first standard infrared thermometer 3 can be used as a temperature measuring reference. Meanwhile, the temperature measurement in the cavity also eliminates the problem of inaccurate temperature measurement caused by the influence of other factors on the type B thermocouple 8, so that the type B thermocouple 8 can also be used as a temperature measurement reference. Besides being used for temperature measurement reference, the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the type B thermocouple 8 can also be used for judging whether the flat-plate test piece 2 is heated uniformly.
2) Heater selection
In order to ensure that the flat test piece is heated uniformly, double-sided heating is performed by adopting double heaters (a left heater 6 and a right heater 7), and a heating element of the heater is graphite.
3) Temperature measurement error evaluation step of infrared thermometer
The temperature measuring range of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected and the first standard infrared thermometer 3 in the embodiment is 300 ℃ to 1600 ℃, and the temperature measuring range of the type B thermocouple 8 is as follows: the temperature measurement precision of the first standard infrared thermometer 3 is 0.35 percent and the temperature measurement precision of the B-type thermocouple 8 is 0.25 percent at the temperature of 0-1800 ℃.
Placing a first standard infrared thermometer 3 beside a first equivalent black body 1-1 of a flat test piece for measuring the bottom surface temperature of a cavity of the first equivalent black body 1-1; the B-type thermocouple 8 is arranged on the bottom surface of the cavity of the second equivalent black body 1-2. The blackbody temperatures measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the type B thermocouple 8 are used as temperature measurement references. The infrared thermometer 4 to be detected is placed on the right side of the flat-plate test piece 2, and the temperature of the flat-plate test piece 2 is obtained through a gap between heating elements of the right heater 7.
The left heater 6 and the right heater 7 are used for uniformly heating the flat-plate test piece 2, heating the flat-plate test piece 2 to 300 ℃, and judging that the flat-plate test piece 2 is uniformly heated and the temperatures of the inner wall and the outer wall are consistent when the difference between the temperatures of the equivalent blackbody measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the temperature of the equivalent blackbody measured by the B-type thermocouple 8 is not more than 0.5 ℃, and the fluctuation of the temperatures measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3, the temperature measured by the B-type thermocouple 8 and the temperature measured by the infrared thermometer to be detected 4 is not more than 1 ℃.
The temperature T0 measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the temperature T0' measured by the type B thermocouple 8 are recorded, and the temperature T1 measured by the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected is recorded. Taking the average temperature (T= (T0+T0')/2) of the temperatures measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the type B thermocouple 8 as a temperature measurement reference, wherein the temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected at 300 ℃ is as follows:
and by analogy, the flat test piece 4 is heated to 500 ℃, 700 ℃, 900 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1300 ℃ and 1600 ℃ respectively. According to the steps, the temperatures measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3, the type B thermocouple 8 and the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected at each steady-state temperature are recorded, and the temperature measuring errors e2, e3, e4, e5, e6 and e7 of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected at each temperature are calculated.
Taking the maximum values of e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6 and e7, namely the temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected in the radiation heating environment.
As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment further provides a radiation temperature error measurement method, which includes the following steps:
step S100: when the first heater 6 and the second heater 7 heat the flat-plate test piece 2 to a preset target temperature, the first standard infrared thermometer 3 measures the temperature of the first equivalent black body 1-1, the second standard infrared thermometer 5 or the thermocouple 8 measures the temperature of the second equivalent black body 1-2, and the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected measures the temperature of the flat-plate test piece 2;
step S200: the data acquisition device obtains an average temperature according to the temperature of the first equivalent black body 1-1 measured by the first standard infrared thermometer 3 and the temperature of the second equivalent black body 1-2 measured by the second standard infrared thermometer 5 or the thermocouple 8, and obtains a temperature measurement error when the target temperature is preset according to the average temperature and the temperature of the flat-plate test piece 2 measured by the infrared thermometer 4 to be detected;
step S300: when the first heater 6 and the second heater 7 heat the flat-plate test piece 2 to the second preset target temperature, repeating the steps S100 to S200 to obtain a plurality of temperature measurement errors, and taking the maximum value of the plurality of temperature measurement errors as the temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer to be detected in the radiation heating environment.
According to the embodiment, the equivalent blackbody is introduced into the radiation heating environment, so that the influence of the radiation light interference of the heater and the change of the target emissivity on the temperature measurement reference is avoided, the accurate temperature measurement error of the infrared thermometer in the radiation heating environment is further realized, and the development of the radiation heating test temperature test technology is promoted; the flat test piece with the embedded equivalent blackbody designed in this embodiment is as long as L: d is more than or equal to 10, the spectral emissivity can meet the requirement of the infrared radiation detector as a blackbody, and the infrared radiation detector is not affected by the radiation interference of the heater, so that the accuracy of the temperature measurement of the standard infrared thermometer is ensured, and the problem that the real temperature of a test piece cannot be obtained in a radiation heating environment is solved; the embodiment adopts a double-sided heating method, ensures the heating uniformity of the equivalent blackbody plate test piece, ensures the temperature of the inner surface and the outer surface of the blackbody cavity to be consistent, and provides a basic guarantee for radiation temperature measurement error evaluation.
Although the present utility model has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present utility model by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present utility model are within the scope of the technical matters of the present utility model.
Claims (9)
1. A radiation temperature error measurement device, comprising: the device comprises a flat test piece (2), a standard infrared temperature measurement combination, an infrared thermometer to be detected (4), a first heater (6) and a second heater (7); wherein,
two cylindrical cavities are formed in the flat plate test piece (2), one cylindrical cavity is a first equivalent black body (1-1), the other cylindrical cavity is a second equivalent black body (1-2), the first equivalent black body (1-1) is located at one end of the flat plate test piece (2), and the second equivalent black body (1-2) is located at the other end of the flat plate test piece (2);
the standard infrared temperature measurement combination is arranged on the outer side of the flat test piece (2) and is used for testing the temperatures of the first equivalent black body (1-1) and the second equivalent black body (1-2);
the first heater (6) is arranged on one side of the flat-plate test piece (2), the second heater (7) is arranged on the other side of the flat-plate test piece (2), the first heater (6) is opposite to the second heater (7), and the first heater (6) and the second heater (7) are used for heating the flat-plate test piece (2);
the infrared thermometer (4) to be detected is arranged on one side, far away from the flat-plate test piece (2), of the second heater (7).
2. The radiation temperature error measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the standard infrared temperature measurement combination comprises a first standard infrared temperature measurement instrument (3) and a second standard infrared temperature measurement instrument (5); wherein,
the first standard infrared thermometer (3) is positioned at the outer side of one end of the flat test piece (2), and the first standard infrared thermometer (3) is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent black body (1-1);
the second standard infrared thermometer (5) is positioned at the outer side of one end of the flat plate test piece (2), and the second standard infrared thermometer (5) is used for testing the temperature of the second equivalent black body (1-2).
3. The radiation temperature error measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the standard infrared temperature measurement combination comprises a first standard infrared thermometer (3) and a thermocouple (8); wherein,
the first standard infrared thermometer (3) is positioned at the outer side of one end of the flat test piece (2), and the first standard infrared thermometer (3) is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent black body (1-1);
the thermocouple (8) is arranged in the second equivalent black body (1-2), and the thermocouple (8) is used for testing the temperature of the first equivalent black body (1-1).
4. The radiation temperature error measurement device of claim 2, further comprising: a data acquisition device; wherein,
when the first heater (6) and the second heater (7) heat the flat-plate test piece (2) to a preset target temperature, the first standard infrared thermometer (3) measures the temperature of the first equivalent black body (1-1), the second standard infrared thermometer (5) measures the temperature of the second equivalent black body (1-2), and the infrared thermometer to be detected (4) measures the temperature of the flat-plate test piece (2);
the data acquisition device obtains average temperature according to the temperature of the first equivalent black body (1-1) measured by the first standard infrared thermometer (3) and the temperature of the second equivalent black body (1-2) measured by the second standard infrared thermometer (5), and obtains temperature measurement error when the target temperature is preset according to the average temperature and the temperature of the flat-plate test piece (2) measured by the infrared thermometer (4) to be detected.
5. A radiation temperature error measurement device according to claim 3, further comprising: a data acquisition device; wherein,
when the first heater (6) and the second heater (7) heat the flat-plate test piece (2) to a preset target temperature, the first standard infrared thermometer (3) measures the temperature of the first equivalent black body (1-1), the thermocouple (8) measures the temperature of the second equivalent black body (1-2), and the infrared thermometer (4) to be detected measures the temperature of the flat-plate test piece (2);
the data acquisition device obtains average temperature according to the temperature of the first equivalent black body (1-1) measured by the first standard infrared thermometer (3) and the temperature of the second equivalent black body (1-2) measured by the thermocouple (8), and obtains temperature measurement errors when the target temperature is preset according to the average temperature and the temperature of the flat plate test piece (2) measured by the infrared thermometer (4) to be detected.
6. The radiation temperature error measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the cavity length of the first equivalent black body (1-1) to the cavity opening diameter is not less than 10.
7. The radiation temperature error measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the cavity length to the cavity opening diameter of the second equivalent black body (1-2) is not less than 10.
8. The radiation temperature error measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the flat test piece (2) is graphite.
9. The radiation temperature error measurement device of claim 4, wherein: the first heater (6) is a quartz lamp, and the second heater (7) is a quartz lamp.
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