CN220670180U - Cyclone smelting furnace - Google Patents
Cyclone smelting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN220670180U CN220670180U CN202322357101.1U CN202322357101U CN220670180U CN 220670180 U CN220670180 U CN 220670180U CN 202322357101 U CN202322357101 U CN 202322357101U CN 220670180 U CN220670180 U CN 220670180U
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 35
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 9
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a cyclone smelting furnace, which comprises a furnace body, wherein at least one spray gun is arranged at the top of the furnace wall of the furnace body; the pipeline of the spray gun is 3 concentric circular pipes, and a central oxygen pipe, a fuel spray pipe and an auxiliary air pipe are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the spray gun is arranged in a downward inclined mode, an included angle between the spray gun and the horizontal surface is 28-45 degrees, and an angle between the spray gun and the tangent plane of the furnace wall is 35-45 degrees; the spray guns are uniformly arranged in a clockwise or anticlockwise rotation direction and are uniformly distributed on the same plane. According to the utility model, the cyclone spray gun is arranged at the top of the furnace body, so that the cyclone spray gun is not immersed in a high-temperature molten pool, the loss of the spray gun is small, and the service life of the spray gun is longer; meanwhile, the cyclone smelting furnace is provided with a plurality of spray guns, and after the spray guns are damaged, the damage to the spray guns can be directly aimed at, so that the furnace does not need to be shut down, and the normal production order is not affected.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of nonferrous metal pyrometallurgy, in particular to a cyclone smelting furnace and a smelting process thereof.
Background
The most common technology for nonferrous metal pyrometallurgy is divided into molten pool smelting and flash smelting, and the rapid development of flash technology realizes high-oxygen-enriched high-efficiency smelting, but extremely harsh batching technology and high-quality raw materials require great investment, and the capital construction cost is high.
The traditional molten pool smelting technology can be divided into side blowing, top blowing and bottom blowing, the three process spray guns are all immersed in a molten pool to spray reaction gas, the spray guns are subjected to high-temperature melt erosion and flushing for a long time, the spray guns are easy to damage, and the spray guns are replaced or maintained to occupy a lot of operation time, so that the operation efficiency is low.
The oxygen concentration of raw gas is low in the traditional melting pool smelting technology, smelting efficiency is low, a large amount of smelting smoke is generated, a large amount of heat enters the smoke to be lost, and the smelting smoke SO is generated 2 The concentration is lower, which is unfavorable for acid production by smelting flue gas.
The traditional melting pool smelting technology has poor sedimentation and separation effects of metal and slag due to strong stirring, and is difficult to realize layered discharge during continuous operation, or has high metal content in slag due to poor sedimentation and separation effects. In order to increase the sedimentation separation effect, a sedimentation electric furnace is added at the rear end of a smelting furnace in copper smelting to provide a standing space for metal sedimentation, and a set of sedimentation electric furnace system is added in the process design, so that the process is long and the energy consumption is very high.
Therefore, in order to solve the short plate in the prior art, the technical problems to be solved in the field are to provide a cyclone smelting furnace with high efficiency, low consumption and clean production and a smelting process thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a cyclone smelting furnace and a smelting process thereof, wherein a cyclone spray gun is arranged at the top of a furnace body and is not immersed in a high-temperature molten pool, so that the loss of the spray gun is small, and the service life of the spray gun is longer; meanwhile, the cyclone smelting furnace is provided with a plurality of spray guns, and after the spray guns are damaged, the damage to the spray guns can be directly aimed at, so that the furnace does not need to be shut down, and the normal production order is not affected.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the cyclone smelting furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein at least one spray gun is arranged at the top of the furnace wall of the furnace body;
the pipeline of the spray gun is 3 concentric circular pipes, and a central oxygen pipe, a fuel spray pipe and an auxiliary air pipe are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
Preferably, the spray gun is arranged in a downward inclined way, an included angle between the spray gun and the horizontal surface is 28-45 degrees, and an angle between the spray gun and the tangent plane of the furnace wall is 35-45 degrees.
Preferably, the spray guns are uniformly arranged in a clockwise or anticlockwise rotation direction and uniformly distributed on the same plane.
Preferably, the number of the spray guns is 3-8.
Preferably, the fuel spray pipe is communicated with the atomization gas pipe and the diesel oil or natural gas pipe respectively.
Preferably, the top of the furnace body is provided with a flat furnace top, and the flat furnace top and the top of the furnace wall form an arc-shaped smoke outlet;
and a feed inlet is arranged in the center of the top of the open hearth.
Preferably, the distance from the feeding hole to the central line of the furnace body is 1/4 of the inner diameter of the furnace body.
Preferably, a metal outlet is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body.
Preferably, the bottom of the furnace body is also provided with a slag discharge port, and the metal discharge port is 1200-1500mm below the slag discharge port.
Preferably, the slag discharging port is provided with a temperature monitoring device.
The utility model relates to a cyclone smelting device, which mainly sprays high-speed oxygen-enriched gas to act on smelting melt through a spray gun embedded in the wall of a smelting furnace, so that the surface of the melt forms a vortex of true mixed flow, and the input materials and melt medium form a molten pool smelting reaction zone of a solid, liquid and gas three-phase interface under the sprayed high-speed oxygen-enriched gas; the metal layer at the bottom of the melting furnace forms pseudo mixed flow rotational flow with the interface of the slag layer, so that layered sedimentation of two melts with different densities is accelerated, smelting slag is discharged from a slag discharge port of a true mixed flow zone, and metal (sulfonium) is discharged from a metal discharge port of a sedimentation zone.
The smelting process of the cyclone smelting furnace comprises the following steps of:
(1) Heating up a smelting furnace and smelting a pool: firewood is paved in the smelting furnace, the spray gun is set in a blowing mode to provide air, and the temperature of the hearth is raised to be more than 400 ℃ through firewood combustion; then converting the spray gun into a combustion mode, introducing oxygen-enriched air and diesel oil to ensure that the temperature of a hearth reaches more than 1280 ℃, and feeding to obtain an initial molten pool;
smelting: adding metallurgical raw materials into the initial molten pool, converting a spray gun into a smelting mode, introducing oxygen-enriched air and diesel, and opening a slag discharging port to discharge slag when the slag height reaches 1800-2500 ℃ along with smelting, so as to reduce the slag surface to 1000-1500mm; after the metal layer rises, opening a metal discharge outlet at the bottom of the furnace to discharge metal, and controlling the metal surface below 800 mm.
Preferably, the process steps specifically include:
(1) And (3) spray gun installation: according to the size and scale of the furnace, 3-8 downward inclined spray guns are arranged on the furnace wall of the columnar furnace and at the height of 3-4.5 m above the furnace bottom, the spray guns form an included angle of 28-45 degrees with the horizontal plane, the angle between the spray guns and the tangent plane of the furnace wall is 35-45 degrees, and all spray guns are uniformly arranged in a clockwise or anticlockwise rotation direction and are uniformly distributed on the same plane;
(2) Igniting a spray gun: the spray gun pipeline comprises 3 concentric circular pipes with different diameters, a central oxygen pipe, a fuel spray pipe and an auxiliary air pipe are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the fuel spray pipe is communicated with the atomization air pipe and the diesel pipe, and the spray gun comprises three use modes of purging, combustion and smelting; when the firewood baking furnace is heated to the temperature of the hearth being more than 400 ℃, the spray gun is switched to a combustion mode to supply diesel oil for ignition;
(3) Heating up a smelting furnace and smelting a pool: in the combustion mode, the fuel adding amount of the fuel spray pipe is gradually increased to raise the hearth temperature to be more than 1280 ℃, a charging system is started, and granular coal or emergency reducing coal and slag are added into the furnace in a mass ratio of m Fuel coal ：m Slag of furnace Equal to 0.5-1:20, forming a smelting initial molten pool with the thickness of more than 800mm at the bottom of the furnace;
(4) Charging in a smelting furnace: raw materials comprise granular coal, solvent, concentrate and the like, after being mixed according to a certain proportion, the raw materials are added into a smelting furnace from the top of the furnace, and the distance from a charging hole to the central line of the smelting furnace is 1/4 of the inner diameter of the smelting furnace; the solvent is one or two of limestone and quartz stone, the granularity is 3-5mm, the moisture of the mixed material is 8-10%, the limestone preferably adopts mineral dressing and waste disposal materials, the effective component of calcium carbonate is not less than 75%, and the addition amount of concentrate is 50-150t/h;
(5) Melt discharge: along with the continuous proceeding of the smelting reaction, the slag surface and the metal (sulfonium) layer are continuously increased, when the slag height in the hearth reaches 1800-2500 ℃, a slag discharging port is opened to discharge slag, and the slag surface is reduced to 1000-1500mm; after the metal (sulfonium) layer in the hearth rises, a metal discharge port with the distance of 0mm from the furnace bottom is opened to discharge the metal (sulfonium), and the metal surface is controlled below 800 mm.
The inclined spray gun arranged circumferentially sprays high-speed and high-pressure raw gas, and acts on the melt to push the melt to do circular motion around the columnar furnace wall, so that a true mixed flow vortex is formed, and a stirring field is provided for efficient smelting; along with the deep penetration of the raw material gas, the acting force of the raw material gas on the melt is gradually reduced, then the vortex is gradually weakened, a pseudo-mixed flow layer is formed below the true mixed flow layer, and the difference exists due to the fact that the difference of specific gravity of slag and metal is large, and the centrifugal force is also different, so that the rapid separation and sedimentation of slag and metal are realized.
Preferably, the spray gun comprises three modes of purging, combustion and smelting, and the use parameters of different modes are as follows:
A. purge mode: cutting off fuel supply, and injecting 60-100kPa compressed air into the central oxygen pipe, the atomizing air pipe, the fuel spray pipe and the auxiliary air pipe for supplementing combustion-supporting air to the firewood baking furnace and blowing the fuel and oxygen pipelines when stopping the gun;
B. combustion mode: injecting diesel oil through a fuel spray pipe; oxygen-enriched air with the pressure of 0.1-0.2MPa is blown into the central oxygen pipe and the auxiliary air pipe, and the oxygen-oil ratio is controlled to be 2-3Nm 3 Per kg, fuel excess coefficient 1-1.3, oxygen enrichment concentration 40-80%;
C. smelting mode: injecting diesel oil through a fuel spray pipe; auxiliary air pipe for blowing combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air, oxygen-oil ratio is controlled to be 2-3Nm 3 Per kg, fuel excess coefficient 1-1.3, oxygen enrichment concentration 40-80%; oxygen enrichment is carried out by injecting oxygen into the central oxygen pipe, the oxygen concentration is 70-90%, the pressure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and the oxygen blowing amount is 1500-3000Nm 3 /h。
Preferably, the granular coal or the emergency reduction coal in the step (3) is anthracite with fixed carbon content of more than 70% and granularity of 10-40 mm; the slag is copper, lead, nickel, tin or other metal slag with the melting point less than 1230 ℃.
Preferably, the slag surface and metal layer control method in the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps: after a smelting period starts, the 1 st time of the molten pool is raised to 2000-2500mm, a slag discharging port is opened to discharge slag, and the slag is discharged to 1200-1500mm of slag surface; after the molten pool is raised to 2000-2500mm for the 2 nd time, a metal discharge port is opened to discharge metal, the molten pool is discharged to 1200-1500mm of slag surface, after the molten pool is raised to 2000-2500mm for the 3 rd time, a slag discharge port is opened to discharge slag, the slag surface is discharged to 1200-1500mm, after the molten pool is raised to 2000-2500mm for the 4 th time, a metal discharge port is opened to discharge metal, the height of a metal layer is 100-300mm, in this way, the intermittent alternate discharge of slag and metal is realized, the height of a melt surface is always more than 800mm, and the slag and the metal are discharged in layers; different types of metals are smelted, and the discharge methods are different.
Preferably, the process control parameters and methods in step (2) are as follows: (addition amount, mode, monitoring method)
A. Smelting temperature control, arranging a set of temperature measuring devices at the slag discharge port, detecting the temperature of the melt on line in real time, feeding back in real time according to the temperature measuring result, adding and subtracting the granular coal, the emergency reduction coal and the injection rate of the diesel oil of the spray gun, and adjusting the smelting temperature (the fuel coefficients of the granular coal and the emergency reduction coal are adjusted to 6000-6600Nm during heat supplementing) 3 /h, fuel excess factor 100-120%);
B. slag type control: taking a slag sample, rapidly measuring chemical components of the slag by using a fluorescence analyzer, and taking an assay analysis result as a reference basis, wherein Fe/SiO 2 When the content exceeds 1.6, the addition amount of quartz sand is increased to reduce Fe/SiO 2 ；Fe/SiO 2 When the addition amount of the deducted quartz sand is less than 1.4, the Fe/SiO is increased 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fe/SiO 2 Stably controlling the temperature to be 1.4-1.6; similarly, the CaO content of the slag is controlled to be 3-5% by adding and subtracting the limestone burden;
C. magnetic iron control, taking slag samples every 4h, and measuring slag Fe by using a magnetic analyzer 3 O 4 Content of Fe 3 O 4 When the content is larger than the target value, adding emergency reducing coal to make the slag magnetic force lower than the target value, fe 3 O 4 And when the content is less than the lower limit of the target value, stopping adding the emergency reducing coal. The method is characterized in that: the target value floor is less than Fe 3 O 4 The content is less than the target value upper limit (the emergency reduction coal fuel coefficient is regulated to be 0-6600Nm during reduction 3 And/h, the fuel excess coefficient is 20% -90%);
D. metal (matte) grade control: and (3) calculating the gas quantity of the raw gas required by smelting by using a metallurgical calculation model, and directly injecting oxygen-enriched air into the deep part of a molten pool after pressure and speed regulation by using a spray gun. The oxygen-enriched air and the melt are subjected to smelting reaction and drive the melt to form a swirling flow field, and the unreacted melt and the oxygen-enriched air are upwards turned over and contacted with the falling concentrate so as to finish metallurgical physicochemical reaction; and in the actual operation process, the smelting process is reversely supplemented by the discharged slag and metal test results.
E. Smelting flue gas control: in the smelting process, a detector arranged at the position of the lifting flue, which is 10-20m away from the travel distance of the hearth reaction zone, feeds back smelting condition control, and the smelted sulfur-containing flue gas is sent to an acid making workshop for acid making after dust collection.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The device has high oxygen enrichment concentration of smelting raw gas, high oxygen potential in a smelting furnace and high reaction speed of smelting flue gas SO 2 The concentration is high; the oxygen-enriched concentration is high, the amount of air matched is small, the total amount of produced flue gas is small, the heat loss taken away by the flue gas is small, and the heat balance control in the furnace is facilitated.
(2) The spray gun of the device is not immersed in a high-temperature molten pool, the spray gun is not easy to be corroded by heat and chemical of high-temperature melt, and the loss of the spray gun is small; and be provided with many spray guns, after the spray gun damages, the maintenance also can be directly to damaging the spray gun, need not to blow out, does not influence normal production order.
(3) The smelting technique of the molten pool adopted by the device has strong raw material adaptability, and can treat concentrates of copper, lead, nickel, tin and the like with complex components.
(4) The device utilizes the pseudo mixed flow cyclone of slag and metal to finish quick centrifugal separation and sedimentation, the layering speed of slag and metal is high, slag is discharged from an upper slag hole, and metal can be discharged from a bottom metal discharge hole.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and the drawings in the description are only embodiments of the present utility model.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a cyclone smelting furnace of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a cyclone smelting furnace according to the present utility model
FIG. 3 is a top view of the cyclone smelting furnace of the present utility model
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the cyclone smelting effect of the cyclone smelting furnace;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lance of the cyclone smelting furnace of the present utility model;
FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram of the cyclone smelting furnace of the present utility model;
the device comprises a 1-smoke outlet, a 2-feeding port, a 3-flat furnace top, a 4-spray gun, a 5-slag discharge port, a 6-metal discharge port, a 7-furnace body, an 8-true mixed flow layer, a 9-false mixed flow layer, a 10-metal layer, a 11-central oxygen pipe, a 12-atomization air pipe, a 13-diesel pipe, a 14-auxiliary air pipe and a 15-fuel spray pipe.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the utility model, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments described with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be in the way of explanation of the utility model and not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
The cyclone smelting furnace as shown in fig. 1-5 comprises a furnace body 7, wherein at least one spray gun 4 is arranged at the top of the furnace wall of the furnace body 7;
wherein, the pipeline of the spray gun 4 is 3 concentric circular pipes, and a central oxygen pipe 11, a fuel spray pipe 15 and an auxiliary air pipe 14 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; the spray gun 4 is arranged obliquely downwards, the included angle between the spray gun 4 and the horizontal surface is 28-45 degrees, and the angle between the spray gun 4 and the tangent plane of the furnace wall is 35-45 degrees; the spray guns 4 are uniformly arranged in a clockwise or anticlockwise rotation direction and are uniformly distributed on the same plane; 3-8 spray guns 4;
the fuel spray pipe 15 is respectively communicated with the atomization air pipe 12 and the diesel oil pipe 13;
the top of the furnace body 7 is provided with a flat furnace top 3, and the flat furnace top 3 and the top of the furnace wall form an arc-shaped smoke outlet 1; a feed inlet 2 is arranged in the center of the flat furnace roof 3; the distance from the feeding hole 2 to the central line of the furnace body 7 is 1/4 of the inner diameter of the furnace body;
the bottom of the furnace body 7 is provided with a metal discharge port 6 and a slag discharge port 5, and the slag discharge port 5 is arranged above the metal discharge port 6;
the slag discharge port 5 is provided with a temperature monitoring device;
the inclined spray gun 4 circumferentially arranged in the device sprays high-speed and high-pressure raw gas, acts on the melt to push the melt to do circular motion around the columnar furnace wall, thereby forming true mixed flow vortex and providing stirring field for efficient smelting; along with the deep penetration of the raw material gas, the acting force of the raw material gas on the melt is gradually reduced, then the vortex is gradually weakened, a pseudo mixed flow layer 9 is formed below the true mixed flow layer 8, and the metal layer 10 is obtained due to the fact that the difference of specific gravity of slag and metal is large and the difference of centrifugal force exists, so that the rapid separation and sedimentation of slag and metal are realized.
Example 1
As shown in figure 6, the process flow of the cyclone smelting furnace adopts the cyclone smelting furnace, a cathode copper smelting plant with annual yield of 15 tons, a cyclone smelting technology is used for smelting copper matte, and a cyclone smelting furnace chamber is used for smelting furnace7 spray guns are circumferentially arranged at the position 4m higher than the furnace bottom, the included angles between the spray guns and the horizontal plane are 38 degrees, and the included angles between the spray guns and the tangent plane of the furnace wall are 40 degrees; two slag discharging openings are arranged at the position of 1000mm in height, one is provided with one, the furnace bottom (0 m in height) is provided with 2 metal discharging openings, and the other is provided with one;
the specific process control method comprises the following steps:
1. heating furnace and smelting pool
Paving 1-1.5m thick firewood in a cyclone smelting furnace, putting a torch to ignite the firewood, adjusting all cyclone spray guns to a purging mode, continuously putting the firewood in the furnace according to the temperature rising trend of 15 ℃/h and the temperature of the furnace to 400 ℃, switching the cyclone spray guns to a combustion mode when the firewood rises to the temperature of the furnace to 400 ℃, igniting the firewood, adjusting the diesel adding amount according to the temperature rising trend of 20 ℃/h, and gradually increasing the diesel conveying rate according to the temperature rising trend of 25 ℃/h after the temperature of the furnace rises to 800 ℃ to ensure that the temperature of the furnace rises to 1280 ℃;
after the temperature of the hearth is increased to 1280 ℃, a furnace top feeding system is started, and the mass ratio is m Fuel coal ：m Slag of furnace Equal to 1:20, until a smelting initial molten pool with the thickness of more than 800mm is formed at the bottom of the furnace, and controlling the temperature of the hearth to be more than 1250 ℃;
2. charging smelting matte
Starting a furnace top feeding system to feed metallurgical raw materials such as copper concentrate, quartz stone, limestone and the like into the furnace, adjusting the cyclone spray guns to a smelting mode at the same time, and after receiving a feeding signal, continuously supplying air to each cyclone spray gun at the same time by a control system, wherein an auxiliary air pipe sprays combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air, and is rich in oxygenOxygen concentration 50%; oxygen enrichment is carried out by injecting oxygen into the central oxygen pipe, the oxygen concentration is 80%, the pressure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and the oxygen blowing amount is 1500-3000Nm 3 /h。
3. Process control
A. And (3) controlling the height of a molten pool: after a smelting period starts, the 1 st time of the molten pool is lifted to 2000mm, a slag hole is opened to discharge slag, the slag is discharged to 1000mm of a slag surface, the 2 nd time of the molten pool is lifted to 2200mm, a metal (sulfonium) hole is opened to discharge metal, the slag is discharged to 1500mm of a slag surface, the 3 rd time of the molten pool is lifted to 2500mm, the slag hole is opened to discharge slag, the 1500mm of the slag surface is discharged, the 4 th time of the molten pool is lifted to 2500mm, the metal (sulfonium) hole is opened to discharge metal, the metal layer is discharged to 100mm of a metal layer, the slag layer is ensured not to be discharged from the metal hole, the slag and the metal are intermittently and alternately discharged in the mode, the height of the melt surface is ensured to be always more than 800mm, and the slag and the metal are layered;
B. smelting temperature control: the slag discharge port is provided with a temperature monitoring device, the temperature of the melt is detected on line in real time, the injection rate of the granulated coal, the emergency reduction coal and the spray gun diesel is adjusted to the smelting temperature according to the real-time feedback of the temperature measurement result, the smelting copper matte control temperature 1180-1220 ℃ (the fuel coefficient of the granulated coal and the emergency reduction coal is adjusted to 6000-6600Nm during the heat supplementing process) 3 /h, fuel excess factor 100-120%);
C. slag type control: taking a slag sample, rapidly measuring chemical components of the slag by using a fluorescence analyzer, and taking an assay analysis result as a reference basis, wherein Fe/SiO 2 When the content exceeds 1.6, the addition amount of quartz sand is increased to reduce Fe/SiO 2 ；Fe/SiO 2 When the addition amount of the deducted quartz sand is less than 1.4, the Fe/SiO is increased 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fe/SiO 2 Stably controlling the temperature to be 1.4-1.6; similarly, the CaO content of the slag is controlled to be 3-5% by adding and subtracting the limestone burden;
D. magnetic iron control: taking a slag sample every 4 hours, and measuring Fe of slag by using a magnetic analyzer 3 O 4 Content of Fe 3 O 4 When the content is more than 10%, adding emergency reducing coal to reduce the slag magnetism to below 10%, fe 3 O 4 When the content is less than 6%, stopping adding the emergency reducing coal; (Emergency reduction of coal Fuel factor at reduction is adjusted to 0-6600Nm 3 /h, fuel excess coefficient 20-90%);
E. and (3) matte grade control: calculating the gas quantity of raw gas required by smelting by using a metallurgical calculation model, and directly injecting oxygen-enriched air into the deep part of a molten pool after pressure and speed regulation by using a spray gun; the oxygen-enriched air and the melt are subjected to smelting reaction and drive the melt to form a swirling flow field, and the unreacted melt and the oxygen-enriched air are upwards turned over and contacted with the falling concentrate so as to finish metallurgical physicochemical reaction;
F. smelting flue gas control: in the smelting process, the smelting condition control is fed back through a detector arranged at the position of the lifting flue, which is 12m away from the travel distance of the hearth reaction zone, and the flue gas condition control is as follows: the temperature is 650-850 ℃, the concentration of CO is less than or equal to 1200ppm, and the concentration of O is less than or equal to 1200ppm 2 The concentration is less than or equal to 7 percent, and the smelted sulfur-containing flue gas is sent to an acid making workshop for acid making after dust collection.
Example 2
As shown in figure 6, the process flow of the cyclone smelting furnace adopts the cyclone smelting furnace, a cathode copper smelting plant with annual production of 15 tons adopts copper matte as a raw material to smelt blister copper by using a cyclone smelting technology, and a cyclone smelting furnace chamber is formed 5 spray guns are circumferentially arranged at the position 4m higher than the furnace bottom, the included angles between the spray guns and the horizontal plane are 35 degrees, and the included angles between the spray guns and the tangent plane of the furnace wall are 40 degrees; two slag discharging openings are arranged at the position of 1300mm in height, one is provided with one, the furnace bottom (0 m in height) is provided with 2 metal discharging openings, and the other is provided with one;
the specific process control method comprises the following steps:
1. heating furnace and smelting pool
Paving 1-1.5m thick firewood in a cyclone smelting furnace, putting a torch to ignite the firewood, adjusting all cyclone spray guns to a purging mode, continuously putting the firewood in the furnace according to the temperature rising trend of 15 ℃/h and the temperature of the furnace to 400 ℃, switching the cyclone spray guns to a combustion mode when the firewood rises to the temperature of the furnace to 400 ℃, igniting the firewood, adjusting the diesel adding amount according to the temperature rising trend of 20 ℃/h, and gradually increasing the diesel conveying rate according to the temperature rising trend of 25 ℃/h after the temperature of the furnace rises to 800 ℃ to ensure that the temperature of the furnace rises to 1280 ℃;
after the temperature of the hearth is increased to 1280 ℃, a furnace top feeding system is started, and the mass ratio is m Fuel coal ：m Slag of furnace Equal to 1:20, until a smelting initial molten pool with the thickness of more than 800mm is formed at the bottom of the furnace, and controlling the temperature of the hearth to be more than 1250 ℃;
2. raw copper smelting by feeding
Starting a furnace top feeding system to feed metallurgical raw materials such as copper matte, quartz stone, limestone and the like into the furnace, adjusting a cyclone spray gun to a smelting mode at the same time, and after receiving a feeding signal, continuously supplying air to each cyclone spray gun at the same time by the control system, wherein an auxiliary air pipe sprays combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched air, and the oxygen-enriched concentration is 50%; oxygen enrichment is carried out by injecting oxygen into the central oxygen pipe, the oxygen concentration is 80%, the pressure is 0.2-0.8MPa, and the oxygen blowing amount is 1500-3000Nm 3 /h；
3. Process control
A. And (3) controlling the height of a molten pool: after a smelting period starts, after a molten pool rises, a slag hole is opened to discharge slag, the slag surface is controlled to 1300mm, slag is discharged through the slag hole for multiple times along with the continuous proceeding of smelting reaction, copper matte feeding operation is stopped until the height of a beryllium or blister copper layer rises to 900-1200 mm, a cyclone smelting furnace is turned into a deep copper-making desulfurization stage, after blister copper desulfurization reaches the standard, a metal discharge hole with the height of 0mm from the furnace bottom is opened to discharge blister copper, and the blister copper is discharged into the next smelting period after being exhausted; when the cyclone smelting furnace is used for converting copper matte, a molten pool with the thickness of 800mm is reserved as an initial molten pool in the next smelting period after the raw copper bars are finished;
B. smelting temperature control: the slag discharge port is provided with a temperature monitoring device, the temperature of the melt is detected on line in real time, the injection rate of the granulated coal, the emergency reduction coal and the spray gun diesel is adjusted to the smelting temperature according to the real-time feedback of the temperature measurement result, the smelting copper matte control temperature 1180-1220 ℃ (the fuel coefficient of the granulated coal and the emergency reduction coal is adjusted to 6000-6600Nm during the heat supplementing process) 3 /h, fuel excess factor 100-120%);
C. slag type control: taking a slag sample, rapidly measuring chemical components of the slag by using a fluorescence analyzer, and taking an assay analysis result as a reference basis, wherein Fe/SiO 2 When the content exceeds 1.7, the addition amount of quartz sand is increased to reduce Fe/SiO 2 ；Fe/SiO 2 When the addition amount of the deducted quartz sand is less than 1.4, the Fe/SiO is increased 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fe/SiO 2 Stably controlling the temperature to be 1.4-1.7; similarly, the CaO content of the slag is controlled to be 3-5% by adding and subtracting the limestone burden.
D. Magnetic iron control: each time slag is discharged, a slag sample is taken, and a magnetic analyzer is used for measuring Fe of the slag 3 O 4 Content of Fe 3 O 4 When the content is more than 30%, adding the emergency reduction coal to adjust the slag magnetism to be less than 30% (the fuel coefficient of the emergency reduction coal is adjusted to be 0-6600Nm during reduction) 3 /h, fuel excess coefficient 20-90%);
E. and (3) controlling the grade of blister copper: calculating the gas quantity of raw gas required by smelting by using a metallurgical calculation model, and directly injecting oxygen-enriched air into the deep part of a molten pool after pressure and speed regulation by using a spray gun; the oxygen-enriched air and the melt are subjected to smelting reaction and drive the melt to form a swirling flow field, and the unreacted melt and the oxygen-enriched air are upwards turned over and contacted with the falling concentrate so as to finish metallurgical physicochemical reaction; reversely supplementing smelting process control according to the discharged slag test result in the actual operation process; slag sulfur content of less than 0.1% and flue gas SO is controlled by deep copper-making desulfurization end point 2 The concentration is less than 3%;
F. smelting flue gas control: in the smelting process, the smelting condition control is fed back through a detector arranged at the position of the lifting flue, which is 12m away from the travel distance of the hearth reaction zone, and the flue gas condition control is as follows: the temperature is 500-750 ℃, the concentration of CO is less than or equal to 1200ppm, and the concentration of O 2 The concentration is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the smelted sulfur-containing flue gas is sent to an acid making workshop for acid making after dust collection.
Example 3
As shown in figure 6, the process flow of the cyclone smelting furnace adopts the cyclone smelting furnace, 18 ton annual production nickel smelting plant, uses the cyclone smelting technology to smelt nickel matte, and the cyclone smelting furnace chamber is8 spray guns are circumferentially arranged at the position 4.2m higher than the furnace bottom, the included angle between the spray guns and the horizontal plane is 38 degrees, and the included angle between the spray guns and the tangent plane of the furnace wall is 40 degrees; two slag discharging openings are arranged at the height of 1000m, one is used for standby, 2 metal discharging openings are arranged at the bottom (the height is 0 m) of the furnace, and the other is used for standby;
the specific process control method comprises the following steps:
1. heating furnace and smelting pool
Paving 1-1.5m thick firewood in the cyclone smelting furnace, putting a torch to ignite the firewood, adjusting all cyclone spray guns to a purging mode, and controlling the heating and baking effect of the wood by controlling the supplementing amount of combustion-supporting air and the adding amount of the firewood; according to the temperature condition of the hearth, continuously adding firewood in the furnace according to the heating trend of 15 ℃/h, switching a cyclone spray gun to a combustion mode when the firewood is heated to the temperature of the hearth to 400 ℃, supplying diesel oil for ignition, adjusting the amount of the added diesel oil according to the heating trend of 20 ℃/h, and gradually increasing the diesel oil conveying rate according to the heating trend of 25 ℃/h after the temperature of the hearth is increased to 800 ℃ so as to increase the temperature of the hearth to 1280 ℃;
after the temperature of the hearth is increased to 1280 ℃, a furnace top feeding system is started, and the mass ratio is m Fuel coal ：m Slag of furnace Equal to 1:20, forming a smelting initial molten pool with the thickness of more than 800mm at the bottom of the furnace; the temperature of the hearth is controlled to be more than 1250 ℃;
2. charging smelting matte
Starting a furnace top charging system to charge metallurgical raw materials such as nickel concentrate, flux, returning materials and the like into the furnace, adjusting a cyclone spray gun to a smelting mode, calculating the amount (oxygen and compressed air) of raw material gas required by the reaction by utilizing a metallurgical calculation model after receiving a charging signal, and directly injecting the raw material gas, diesel oil and auxiliary gas into a molten pool for internal reaction after regulating the pressure and the speed;
3. process control
A. And (3) controlling the height of a molten pool: after a smelting period starts, the 1 st time of the molten pool is raised to 2000-2500mm, the slag hole is opened to discharge slag, the slag is discharged to 1200-1500mm of slag surface, the 2 nd time of the molten pool is raised to 2000-2500mm, the nickel matte hole is opened to discharge metal, the slag is discharged to 1200-1500mm of slag surface, the 3 rd time of the molten pool is raised to 2000-2500mm, the slag hole is opened to discharge slag, the slag surface is discharged to 1200-1500mm, the 4 th time of the molten pool is raised to 2000-2500mm, the nickel matte hole is opened to discharge metal, the metal layer is discharged to 100-300mm, in this way, the intermittent alternate discharge of slag and nickel matte is realized, the height of the melt surface is always more than 800mm, and the slag and the nickel matte are discharged in layers.
B. Smelting temperature control: the slag discharge port is provided with a temperature monitoring device, the temperature of the melt is detected on line in real time, the injection rate of the addition and subtraction of the granular coal, the emergency reduction coal and the spray gun diesel is adjusted to the smelting temperature according to the real-time feedback of the temperature measurement result, the smelting nickel matte control temperature 1180-1220 ℃ (the fuel coefficient of the granular coal and the emergency reduction coal is adjusted to 6000-6600Nm during the heat supplement) 3 /h, fuel excess factor 100-120%);
C. slag type control: taking a slag sample, rapidly measuring chemical components of the slag by using a fluorescence analyzer, and taking an assay analysis result as a reference basis, wherein Fe/SiO 2 When the content exceeds 1.6, the addition amount of quartz sand is increased to reduce Fe/SiO 2 ；Fe/SiO 2 When the addition amount of the deducted quartz sand is less than 1.4, the Fe/SiO is increased 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fe/SiO 2 Stably controlling the temperature to be 1.4-1.6; similarly, the CaO content of the slag is controlled to be 3-5% by adding and subtracting the limestone burden;
D. magnetic iron control: taking a slag sample every 4 hours, and measuring Fe of slag by using a magnetic analyzer 3 O 4 When the content of Fe3O4 is more than 10%, adding emergency reducing coal to reduce the magnetic property of slag to below 10%, and Fe 3 O 4 When the content is less than 6%, stopping adding the emergency reduction coal (the fuel coefficient of the emergency reduction coal is adjusted to be 0-6600Nm during reduction) 3 And/h, fuel excess coefficient is 20-90 percent);
E. and (3) nickel matte grade control: and (3) calculating the gas quantity of the raw gas required by smelting by using a metallurgical calculation model, and directly injecting oxygen-enriched air into the deep part of a molten pool after pressure and speed regulation by using a spray gun. The oxygen-enriched air and the melt are subjected to smelting reaction and drive the melt to form a swirling flow field, and the unreacted melt and the oxygen-enriched air are upwards turned over and contacted with the falling concentrate so as to complete metallurgical physicochemical reaction. And in the actual operation process, reversely supplementing smelting process control by using the discharged slag and nickel matte test result.
F. Smelting flue gas control: in the smelting process, the smelting condition control is fed back through a detector arranged at the position of the lifting flue, which is 15m away from the travel distance of the hearth reaction zone, and the flue gas condition control is as follows: the temperature is 700-880 ℃, the concentration of CO is less than or equal to 1200ppm and the concentration of O is less than or equal to 1200ppm 2 The concentration is less than or equal to 7 percent, and the smelted sulfur-containing flue gas is sent to an acid making workshop for acid making after dust collection。
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model, and are not limiting; although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. The cyclone smelting furnace is characterized by comprising a furnace body, wherein at least one spray gun is arranged at the top of the furnace wall of the furnace body;
the pipeline of the spray gun is 3 concentric circular pipes, and a central oxygen pipe, a fuel spray pipe and an auxiliary air pipe are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the spray gun is arranged in a downward inclined mode, an included angle between the spray gun and the horizontal surface is 28-45 degrees, and an angle between the spray gun and the tangent plane of the furnace wall is 35-45 degrees;
the spray guns are uniformly arranged in a clockwise or anticlockwise rotation direction and are uniformly distributed on the same plane.
2. The cyclone smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the number of the spray guns is 3-8.
3. The swirl smelting furnace of claim 1 wherein the fuel lance is in communication with an atomizing gas tube and a diesel tube, respectively.
4. The cyclone smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein a flat furnace roof is arranged at the top of the furnace body, and an arc-shaped smoke outlet is formed between the flat furnace roof and the top of the furnace wall;
and a feed inlet is arranged in the center of the top of the open hearth.
5. The cyclone metallurgical furnace of claim 4, wherein the distance from the inlet to the furnace centerline is 1/4 of the furnace inner diameter.
6. The cyclone smelting furnace according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a metal outlet.
7. The cyclone smelting furnace according to claim 6, wherein the bottom of the furnace body is further provided with a slag discharge port, and the metal slag discharge port is 1200-1500mm below the slag discharge port.
8. The cyclone smelting furnace according to claim 7, wherein the slag discharge port is provided with a temperature monitoring device.
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