CN220582427U

CN220582427U - Small-size domestic waste gasification burns device

Info

Publication number: CN220582427U
Application number: CN202322221014.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卫潘明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2023-08-18
Filing date: 2023-08-18
Publication date: 2024-03-12
Anticipated expiration: 2033-08-18

Abstract

The utility model discloses a small household garbage gasification incinerator, the main body is an incinerator for incinerating garbage, a hearth of the incinerator is used as a combustion chamber, a plurality of preheating drying chambers with the same structure are arranged above the combustion chamber, a hopper is arranged above the preheating drying chambers, a feeding roller is arranged at the bottom of the hopper, a distributing roller is arranged below the preheating drying chambers, and preheating air pipes are vertically arranged inside the side walls of the preheating drying chambers; the middle upper part of the first combustion chamber is a gas layer, the middle lower part of the first combustion chamber is a material layer, the gas layer is connected with a second combustion chamber or a synthetic gas using device which is positioned outside the incinerator, a discharging roller is arranged at the bottom of the material layer, a primary air chamber is arranged below the first combustion chamber, the side wall of the primary air chamber is connected with a primary air preheater which is positioned inside the second combustion chamber through a pipeline, and the primary air preheater provides heat for preheating the drying chamber and the primary air chamber; the lower part of the primary air chamber is communicated with a slag discharging pipe which is arranged in the discharging water seal groove, and ash slag falling from the slag discharging pipe is discharged through a slag extractor.

Description

Small-size domestic waste gasification burns device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a garbage incineration device, in particular to a small household garbage gasification incineration device, and belongs to the technical field of household garbage harmless treatment.

Background

The garbage incineration technology for treating more than 300 tons per day in China is mature, the main technical route is a grate furnace, the technical equipment is advanced, and the degree of automation is high; however, the technical equipment is not suitable for small-sized garbage incineration facilities, and the main reason is that the fire grate technology has higher requirements on operation management personnel, has high requirements on external matching, particularly has higher consumption of cooling water when a matched electric power internet system is required, and is difficult to adapt to the requirements of small-sized garbage incineration.

Besides the small-sized grate furnace, at present, small-sized household garbage incineration equipment such as a low-temperature pyrolysis incinerator and the like are also provided, and the low-temperature pyrolysis incinerator has high smoke treatment difficulty and high cost due to insufficient combustion of organic pollutants due to low combustion temperature; part of small-sized incinerators adopt an intermittent feeding mode, so that the operation condition is unstable, and the stable standard emission is difficult.

Therefore, development of a small garbage gasification incineration garbage treatment technical device with strong applicability is urgently needed to reduce the requirements of small garbage incineration facilities on external matching of water, electricity and the like, reduce or industrial water consumption, can normally operate under the condition that power generation is not on line, and also can be matched with construction of renewable resource treatment facilities to provide energy sources for the small garbage gasification incineration garbage treatment technical device. The equipment needs to be simplified, the requirement on operation team is reduced, and the operation in county and village and town levels is facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of small garbage incineration in the prior art, the utility model provides a small household garbage gasification incineration device, which is characterized in that household garbage is heated in a preheating drying chamber to remove water in the household garbage, the heat value of the garbage is improved, the dried garbage is partially combusted in a combustion chamber (gasification chamber) to generate synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon, the synthesis gas is combusted in a secondary combustion chamber, the secondary combustion chamber adopts a low-nitrogen combustion mode to reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides, meanwhile, deacidification agents such as calcium carbonate, quicklime, lime or sodium bicarbonate are sprayed into the secondary combustion chamber, and flue gas from the secondary combustion chamber enters a flue gas purification system; the synthetic gas from a combustion chamber can also be directly purified and then be generated by a gas generator for use in the factory, and can also be used as a substitute of natural gas.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a small household garbage gasification incinerator, the main body is an incinerator for incinerating garbage, the hearth of the incinerator is used as a combustion chamber, and the small household garbage gasification incinerator is characterized in that:

the device comprises a combustion chamber, a plurality of preheating drying chambers with the same structure are arranged above the combustion chamber, and a hopper is arranged above the plurality of preheating drying chambers; the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the preheating drying chamber are respectively communicated with a hopper and a combustion chamber; the bottom of the hopper is provided with a feeding roller which is positioned above the preheating drying chamber; the top of the first combustion chamber is provided with a material distributing roller which is positioned below the preheating drying chamber;

the preheating drying chambers are characterized in that preheating air pipes are vertically arranged in the side walls of the plurality of preheating drying chambers, air inlets of the preheating air pipes are communicated with the transversely arranged feeding preheating air inlet pipes, and air outlets of the preheating air pipes are communicated with the transversely arranged feeding preheating air outlet pipes; the feeding preheating air outlet pipe is arranged outside the incinerator, and the pipe outlet is connected with a device capable of heating air through a pipeline; the inlet of the feeding preheating air inlet pipe is arranged outside the incinerator and is connected with a device capable of providing hot air through a pipeline;

the middle upper part of the combustion chamber is a gas layer, and the middle lower part of the combustion chamber is a material layer; the side wall of the gas layer is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, and the synthesis gas outlet is connected with a synthesis gas combustion device or a synthesis gas using device positioned outside the incinerator through a synthesis gas air duct; the material layer is divided into a cracking gasification layer, a combustion layer and an ash slag layer from top to bottom, and the cracking gasification layer, the combustion layer and the ash slag layer are communicated with each other; the bottom of the material layer is provided with a discharge roller which is positioned below the ash slag layer;

the lower part of the combustion chamber is provided with a primary air chamber communicated with the combustion chamber, the side wall of the primary air chamber is provided with a primary air inlet, the primary air inlet is connected with a device capable of providing hot air through a pipeline, and an insulating layer is arranged on the outer wall of the primary air chamber; the lower part of the primary air chamber is communicated with a slag discharging pipe which is arranged in the discharging water seal groove, and ash slag falling from the slag discharging pipe is discharged through a slag extractor.

In the technical scheme, the synthesis gas outlet is connected with a purification device positioned outside the incinerator through a synthesis gas air channel, and the gas outlet of the purification device is connected with the synthesis gas using device; the synthesis gas using device is a natural gas storage device or a gas generator, and the synthesis gas from a combustion chamber is directly purified and then used as a substitute of natural gas or is used for generating electricity by adopting the gas generator.

In the above technical scheme, the synthetic gas outlet is connected with a synthetic gas combustion device positioned outside the incinerator through a synthetic gas air duct, wherein: the synthetic gas combustion device is provided with two combustion chambers, the whole synthetic gas combustion device is in a cuboid shape, and the synthetic gas generated by garbage incineration is mainly subjected to combustion treatment: the bottom of the two combustion chambers is provided with a group of two-combustion ash removing ports, the two-combustion ash removing ports are provided with ash removing valves, and the two combustion chambers can be cleaned by opening the ash removing valves; the top of the two combustion chambers is provided with a secondary air inlet, a deacidification agent nozzle and a denitration agent nozzle which are respectively connected with devices capable of providing secondary air, deacidification agent and denitration agent; the side wall of the two combustion chambers is provided with a synthetic gas inlet which is communicated with a gas layer of the first combustion chamber through a synthetic gas air duct, and synthetic gas generated by the first combustion chamber enters the two combustion chambers through the synthetic gas air duct for combustion; the two combustion chambers are internally provided with a primary air preheater, the top of the primary air preheater is provided with a primary air preheater air inlet, the bottom of the primary air preheater is provided with a primary air preheater air outlet, the primary air preheater air inlet and the primary air preheater air outlet are both positioned outside the two combustion chambers, the primary air preheater air inlet is connected with a device capable of providing primary air, the primary air preheater air outlet is connected with a primary air outlet pipeline, the outlet of the primary air outlet pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a feeding preheating air inlet pipe through a pipeline, and the other path is communicated with a primary air chamber through a pipeline.

In the above technical scheme, the air inlet of the primary air preheater is preferably communicated with the feeding preheating air outlet pipe through a pipeline, and the air discharged from the feeding preheating air outlet pipe enters the primary air preheater through the air inlet of the primary air preheater to be heated, so that the heat recycling of the primary air is realized.

In the technical scheme, the outlet of the primary air outlet pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the feeding preheating air inlet pipe through the pipeline I, and hot air sequentially flows through the feeding preheating air inlet pipe, the feeding preheating air inlet pipe and the preheating air pipe and then enters the preheating drying chamber so as to provide heat for the preheating drying chamber; the other path is communicated with the primary air chamber through a pipeline II, and hot air sequentially flows through the pipeline II and the primary air inlet and then enters the primary air chamber; and primary air induced fans are arranged on the pipeline I and the pipeline II. In the utility model, hot air enters the primary air chamber and enters the ash slag layer of the material layer through the gap of the discharging roller, the hot air cools ash slag and enters the combustion layer to burn garbage after passing through the ash slag layer upwards, the temperature of the air is increased, then the hot air enters the gasification layer, the garbage in the gasification layer is gasified by heating, and the generated synthetic gas enters the secondary combustion chamber through the synthetic gas air channel.

In the technical scheme, the hopper is of a cone structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the lower bottom of the hopper is communicated with a plurality of preheating drying chambers with the same structure; the hopper, the below of lower bottom is provided with a plurality of pair roller crushers I, and each pair roller crusher I corresponds a preheat drying chamber and is located the top of this preheat drying chamber upper bottom, and pair roller crusher I uses as the feed roller.

In the above technical scheme, the whole preheating drying chamber is in a vertical cuboid structure, and a plurality of preheating drying chambers are arranged in the horizontal direction; a pair of roller crushers II is arranged below the lower bottom of each preheating drying chamber, and the pair of roller crushers II are used as distributing rollers.

In the technical scheme, a plurality of preheating drying chambers are vertically arranged in the side wall, the plurality of preheating air pipes are called a group of preheating air pipes, and a group of preheating air pipes is shared between adjacent preheating drying chambers except the two sides of the preheating drying chambers; the top of the preheating drying chambers is transversely provided with a feeding preheating air outlet pipe, the bottom of the preheating drying chambers is transversely provided with a feeding preheating air inlet pipe, the feeding preheating air outlet pipe is positioned below the feeding roller, and the feeding preheating air inlet pipe is positioned above the distributing roller; the air inlets of each group of preheating air pipes are communicated with the transversely arranged feeding preheating air inlet pipes, and the air outlets are communicated with the transversely arranged feeding preheating air outlet pipes.

In the technical scheme, the primary air chamber is integrally in a rectangular pyramid shape, the top of the primary air chamber is provided with a plurality of double-roller crushers III, each double-roller crusher III is correspondingly arranged under each material distribution roller, and the double-roller crushers III are used as material discharging rollers; the discharging roller is positioned below the ash slag layer and above the primary air chamber.

In the technical scheme, the discharging water seal tank is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening, water is filled in the tank body structure, and a water level line is higher than the output end of the slag discharging pipe.

When the device is used, a generator or an external power supply is arranged, and the device provides power for structures (such as a feeding roller, a distributing roller, a discharging roller, a primary air preheater, a primary air induced draft fan and the like) needing electric power in the device, and a combustor is arranged in the primary air chamber for ignition and can also perform manual ignition if necessary.

The utility model also provides a method for gasifying and burning the household garbage, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Feeding: discharging the household garbage into a hopper by utilizing a grab bucket, and pressing the garbage into a preheating drying chamber by utilizing a feeding roller;

(2) Preheating: opening a primary air preheater, enabling air to enter the primary air preheater from an air inlet of the primary air preheater and be heated, leading out hot air, leading the hot air into a feeding preheating air inlet pipe through a pipeline, respectively leading the hot air into a preheating air pipe on the side wall of a preheating drying chamber, and preheating garbage in the preheating drying chamber to 100-450 ℃ under the action of the feeding preheating air inlet pipe so as to remove water in the garbage, so that the water content of the garbage is reduced to below 10%;

primary air heating: a primary air preheating device is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, and the temperature of the primary air is controlled below 450 ℃ according to the heat value of garbage and the furnace temperature (100-450 ℃); the heated primary air is used for providing heat for the preheating drying chamber through the pipeline I, the primary air induced draft fan and the preheating air inlet pipe;

(3) Cracking and gasifying: the garbage after the water is removed by preheating enters a hearth layer through a distributing roller, the upper layer of the hearth layer is a cracking gasification layer, the garbage is heated by gas from a combustion zone, organic components of the garbage are decomposed into combustible synthetic gas and solid carbon, the synthetic gas enters a gas layer upwards, and the solid carbon enters the combustion zone downwards; the cracking temperature is controlled between 650 and 950 ℃;

the primary air after heating can enter the primary air chamber through the pipeline II, the primary air induced draft fan 22 and the primary air inlet, enter the ash slag layer of the material layer through the gap of the discharging roller, and enter the cracking gasification layer after passing through the ash slag layer and the combustion layer in sequence, so that the garbage entering the cracking gasification layer is treated;

it should be explained that the first batch of garbage needs to select garbage with small water content to ensure that the garbage can spontaneously ignite, and when the first batch of garbage passes through the preheating drying chamber, the garbage directly enters the hearth through the material distribution roller without preheating at the moment and directly falls onto the material discharge roller to form a material layer, and the material layer is the garbage without preheating at the moment, and no ash slag layer, no combustion layer and no cracking gasification layer are formed. The first batch of garbage enters the hearth and is ignited in the gap of the discharging roller through the burner, and the garbage is combusted to form an ash slag layer, a combustion layer and a cracking layer gradually. The phase is an ignition phase, the primary air temperature, the material layer temperature and the like of each layer in the ignition phase are gradually increased, and after all the primary air temperature and the material layer temperature reach the specified values, the stable operation phase is started. After the first batch of garbage is ignited, no deslagging action is performed, and deslagging is performed until all layers are formed. The steady operation is followed by continuous operation, and therefore, the layers remain relatively stable. In the utility model, garbage is firstly cracked to generate synthetic gas, most of the synthetic gas is not combusted in a first combustion chamber, but enters a second combustion chamber or a synthetic gas purifying process, the solid part of the garbage after cracking is mainly carbon, the combustion of the carbon provides heat for cracking, and meanwhile, partial carbon is incompletely combusted to form carbon monoxide which also becomes one of the active ingredients of the synthetic gas.

(4) And (3) burning: the solid carbon garbage after pyrolysis and gasification moves downwards to a combustion layer, the garbage is combusted in the combustion layer to generate high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas moves upwards to enter the pyrolysis and gasification layer to provide heat energy for pyrolysis and gasification reaction, and the combusted solid enters the ash layer downwards to become ash; the combustion temperature is controlled at 800-950 ℃;

the hot air in the primary air chamber enters the ash layer through a gap of the discharging roller, then sequentially passes through the ash layer upwards and then enters the combustion layer, so that the garbage entering the combustion layer is treated; in the ignition stage, the primary air temperature and the combustion temperature are continuously increased, the stable operation stage is carried out after the primary air temperature and the combustion temperature reach the specified temperature, and the combustion temperature is controlled by controlling the primary air quantity and the temperature after the stable operation.

(5) Burning out: the burnt garbage continuously moves down to an ash layer, the garbage is further burnt in the ash layer, the burning rate is lower than 3%, and ash is formed by cooling once; the temperature of the slag is reduced to the temperature of primary air;

the primary air preheating device in the secondary combustion chamber, the heated primary air (100-450 ℃) enters the primary air chamber and then enters the ash layer through a gap of the discharge roller, the ash is further combusted at a very high temperature, the temperature of the hot air is increased (250-800 ℃) through heat exchange while cooling the ash, the heated hot air passes through the ash layer and then enters the combustion layer to combust garbage, the temperature of the air is increased (800-950 ℃), the heated hot air continues to be increased, after oxygen in the gas is consumed, a cracking process is started, a gasification layer is formed, the cracking gasification is an endothermic process, the temperature of the cracking layer is gradually reduced from bottom to top, the cracking gasification reaction is stopped when the temperature is lower than 650 ℃, the gas forms synthetic gas through the cracking gasification layer, and the synthetic gas enters the secondary combustion chamber through a synthetic gas air channel;

(6) And (3) deslagging: slag in the ash slag layer falls into the water seal discharging groove 1 through the discharging roller and the slag discharging pipe and is discharged through the slag extractor.

In the above technical scheme, in the step (3), the synthesis gas upwards enters the gas layer, and under the condition that the synthesis gas has a user, the synthesis gas can be directly extracted from the synthesis gas air duct, and after purification, the synthesis gas is used for generating electricity by a gas engine or is sold, or is used as a substitute of natural gas after direct purification; the extraction amount of the synthesis gas is controlled to ensure that the heating of the primary air by the two combustion chambers meets the requirement.

In the above technical scheme, in the step (3), the synthesis gas upwards enters the gas layer, and can be conveyed from the synthesis gas air duct to the two combustion chambers for deacidification treatment and/or denitration treatment.

In the above technical scheme, the deacidification treatment means: spraying deacidification agent dry powder into the secondary combustion chamber through a deacidification agent nozzle 15 in a pneumatic conveying mode at the top of the secondary combustion chamber to remove sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and other acid gases in the synthesis gas, wherein the removal rate of the acid gases is more than 50%; the deacidification agent dry powder is a mixture formed by mixing any one, two or more of calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in any proportion, and the dosage of the deacidification agent dry powder is 1.2-2 times of the chemical equivalent of the acid gas.

In the above technical scheme, the denitration treatment means: spraying a denitration agent into the secondary combustion chamber through a denitration agent nozzle (16) in a pneumatic conveying mode at the top of the secondary combustion chamber to remove nitrogen oxides in the flue gas, wherein the removal rate is more than 50%; the denitration agent is any one of ammonia water and urea or a mixture formed by mixing the ammonia water and the urea in any proportion; the dosage of the denitration agent is 1.2-1.5 times of the chemical equivalent of the nitrogen oxide.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following characteristics:

(1) The secondary combustion chamber has a primary air heating function, and can heat the primary air to 150-450 ℃ according to the heat value of garbage;

(2) The utility model has the external heating type garbage preheating and drying function, improves the garbage heat value, and simultaneously adopts a vertical layered combustion and cracking gas damping process, so that the stable combustion of the garbage with low heat value can be ensured;

(3) The utility model adopts a secondary combustion process of reburning after gasification, has low initial concentration of pollutants in the flue gas, can reduce the flue gas purification cost and is easy to reach the emission standard.

(4) The secondary combustion chamber adopts a combustion mode of multi-point supplementary secondary air to prevent nitrogen oxides from being generated by local overheating, adopts deacidification agents such as spray deacidification calcium carbonate, quicklime, slaked lime, sodium bicarbonate and the like to remove sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride, and sprays denitration agents such as urea, ammonia water and the like to remove the nitrogen oxides if necessary.

(5) The utility model adopts the synthesis gas to carry out low-nitrogen combustion, can reduce the consumption of the denitration agents such as urea, ammonia water and the like

(6) The utility model adopts a secondary combustion chamber internal deacidification process, and reduces deacidification cost.

(7) The utility model can realize the production of the synthetic gas, and the synthetic gas can be used for power generation or selling; the utility model can realize self-sufficient power supply, can generate power to surf the internet, and can produce synthetic gas or directly burn in areas without generating power to surf the internet.

(8) The utility model has small demand for industrial water, almost no industrial water is needed under the condition of no power generation, and the requirement on external municipal conditions is reduced.

(9) The utility model has simple structure and convenient operation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the device of the present utility model;

wherein: 1 is a discharging water seal tank (1-1 is a water line); 2 is a primary air chamber (2-1 is a primary air inlet, 2-2 is a heat insulation layer, and 2-3 is a slag discharge pipe); 3 is a discharging roller; 4 is a material layer (4-1 is a cracking gasification layer, 4-2 is a combustion layer, and 4-3 is an ash layer); 5 is a combustion chamber (furnace chamber of incinerator); 6 is a gas layer; 7 is a cloth roller; 8 is a feed preheating air inlet pipe; 9 is a preheating drying chamber; 10 is a feeding preheating air outlet pipe; 11 is a feed roll; 12 is a hopper; 13 is a synthetic gas air duct; 14 is a secondary air inlet; 15 is a deacidification agent nozzle; 16 is a denitration agent nozzle; 17 primary air preheater air inlets; 18 is a primary air preheater; 19 is a secondary combustion chamber; 20 is a secondary combustion ash removal port; 21 is an air outlet of the primary air preheater; 22 is a primary air induced draft fan; 23 is a slag extractor; 24 is a burner.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the technical scheme of the present utility model is provided, but the present utility model is not limited to the following descriptions:

the utility model firstly provides a small household garbage gasification incinerator, the main body is an incinerator for incinerating garbage, and a hearth of the incinerator is used as a combustion chamber 5, as shown in fig. 1:

a plurality of preheating drying chambers 9 with the same structure are arranged above the combustion chamber 5, and a hopper 12 is arranged above the plurality of preheating drying chambers; the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the preheating drying chamber are respectively communicated with a hopper and a combustion chamber; the bottom of the hopper is provided with a feed roller 11 which is positioned above the preheating drying chamber; the top of the first combustion chamber is provided with a material distributing roller 7, and the material distributing roller is positioned below the preheating drying chamber;

the inside of the side wall of the preheating drying chambers is vertically provided with a preheating air pipe, the air inlets of the preheating air pipes are communicated with a feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 which is transversely arranged, and the air outlets of the preheating air pipes are communicated with a feeding preheating air outlet pipe 10 which is transversely arranged; the feeding preheating air outlet pipe 10 is arranged outside the incinerator, and the pipe outlet is connected with a device capable of heating air through a pipeline; the feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 is arranged outside the incinerator, and the inlet of the pipe is connected with a device capable of providing hot air through a pipeline;

the middle and upper part of the combustion chamber 5 is a gas layer 6, and the middle and lower part of the combustion chamber is a material layer 4; the side wall of the gas layer is provided with a synthesis gas outlet which is connected with a synthesis gas combustion device or a synthesis gas using device positioned outside the incinerator through a synthesis gas air duct 13; the material layer is divided into a cracking gasification layer 4-1, a combustion layer 4-2 and an ash layer 4-3 from top to bottom, and the cracking gasification layer, the combustion layer and the ash layer are communicated with each other; the bottom of the material layer is provided with a discharge roller 3, and the discharge roller is positioned below the ash slag layer 4-3;

the primary air chamber 2 communicated with the combustion chamber 5 is arranged below the combustion chamber, a primary air inlet 2-1 is formed in the side wall of the primary air chamber, the primary air inlet is connected with a device capable of providing hot air through a pipeline, and an insulating layer 2-2 is arranged on the outer wall of the primary air chamber; the lower part of the primary air chamber is communicated with a slag discharging pipe 2-3, the slag discharging pipe is arranged in the discharging water seal groove 1, and ash slag falling from the slag discharging pipe 2-3 is discharged through a slag extractor 23.

In the utility model, the synthetic gas outlet is connected with a purifying device positioned outside the incinerator through a synthetic gas air duct 13, and the gas outlet of the purifying device is connected with the synthetic gas using device; the synthesis gas using device is a natural gas storage device or a gas generator, and the synthesis gas from a combustion chamber is directly purified and then used as a substitute of natural gas or is used for generating electricity by adopting the gas generator.

In the utility model, the synthesis gas outlet is connected with a synthesis gas combustion device positioned outside the incinerator through a synthesis gas air duct 13, wherein: the synthetic gas combustion device is provided with two combustion chambers 19, the whole of which is in a cuboid shape, and mainly carries out combustion treatment on the synthetic gas generated by garbage incineration: the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 19 is provided with a group of secondary combustion ash removing ports 20, the secondary combustion ash removing ports 20 are provided with ash removing valves, and the secondary combustion chamber can be cleaned by opening the ash removing valves; the top of the two combustion chambers is provided with a secondary air inlet 14, a deacidification agent nozzle 15 and a denitration agent nozzle 16 which are respectively connected with devices capable of providing secondary air, deacidification agent and denitration agent; the side wall of the two combustion chambers is provided with a synthetic gas inlet which is communicated with the gas layer 6 of the first combustion chamber 5 through a synthetic gas air duct 13, and synthetic gas generated by the first combustion chamber 5 enters the two combustion chambers through the synthetic gas air duct 13 for combustion; the two combustion chambers 19, inside be provided with the primary air pre-heater 18, the top of primary air pre-heater is provided with primary air pre-heater air intake 17, the bottom is provided with primary air pre-heater air outlet 21, primary air pre-heater air intake 17 and primary air pre-heater air outlet all are located the outside of two combustion chambers, primary air pre-heater air intake 17 is connected with the device that can provide the primary air, primary air pre-heater air outlet 21 is connected with the primary air outlet pipeline, the export of primary air outlet pipeline divide into two ways, one way is linked together with feeding pre-hot air intake pipe 8 through the pipeline, another way is linked together with primary plenum 2 through the pipeline.

In the utility model, the air inlet 17 of the primary air preheater is preferably communicated with the feeding preheating air outlet pipe (10) through a pipeline, and the air discharged from the feeding preheating air outlet pipe enters the primary air preheater (18) through the air inlet of the primary air preheater for heating so as to realize the heat recycling of the primary air.

In the utility model, the outlet of the primary air outlet pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 through the pipeline I, and hot air flows through the feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 and the preheating air pipe in sequence and then enters the preheating drying chamber 9 so as to provide heat for the preheating drying chamber 9; the other path is communicated with the primary air chamber 2 through a pipeline II, and hot air sequentially flows through the pipeline II and the primary air inlet 2-1 and then enters the primary air chamber 2; and a primary air induced draft fan 22 is arranged on each of the pipeline I and the pipeline II. In the utility model, hot air enters the primary air chamber and enters the ash slag layer 4-3 of the material layer 4 through a gap of the discharging roller 3, the hot air cools ash slag and simultaneously upwards passes through the ash slag layer and then enters the combustion layer to burn garbage, the temperature of the air is increased, then the hot air enters the gasification layer, the garbage in the gasification layer is gasified by heating, and the generated synthetic gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 19 through the synthetic gas air duct 13.

In the utility model, the hopper 12 is of a cone structure with wide upper part and narrow lower part, and the lower bottom of the hopper is communicated with a plurality of preheating drying chambers 9 with the same structure; the hopper, the below of lower bottom is provided with a plurality of pair roller crushers I, and each pair roller crusher I corresponds a preheat drying chamber 9 and is located the top of this preheat drying chamber upper bottom, and pair roller crusher I uses as feed roller 11.

In the utility model, the whole preheating drying chamber 9 is of a vertical cuboid structure, and a plurality of preheating drying chambers are arranged in the horizontal direction; a pair of roller crushers II is arranged below the lower bottom of each preheating drying chamber, and the pair of roller crushers II are used as the distributing rollers 7.

In the utility model, a plurality of preheating drying chambers 9 are vertically arranged in the side wall, the plurality of preheating air pipes are called a group of preheating air pipes, and a group of preheating air pipes is shared between adjacent preheating drying chambers except the two sides of the preheating drying chambers; the top of the preheating drying chambers is transversely provided with a feeding preheating air outlet pipe 10, the bottom of the preheating drying chambers is transversely provided with a feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8, the feeding preheating air outlet pipe 10 is positioned below a feeding roller 11, and the feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 is positioned above a distributing roller 7; the air inlets of each group of preheating air pipes are communicated with a feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 which is arranged transversely, and the air outlets are communicated with a feeding preheating air outlet pipe 10 which is arranged transversely.

In the utility model, the primary air chamber 2 is in a rectangular pyramid shape as a whole, the top of the primary air chamber is provided with a plurality of double-roller crushers III, each double-roller crusher III is correspondingly arranged under each material distribution roller 7, and the double-roller crushers III are used as discharging rollers 3; the discharging roller is positioned below the ash slag layer 4-3 and above the primary air chamber 2.

In the utility model, the discharging water seal tank 1 is of a hollow tank body structure with an opening design, water is filled in the discharging water seal tank, and a water level line 1-1 is higher than the output end of the slag discharging pipe 2-3.

When the device is used, a generator or an external power supply is arranged, and the device provides power for structures (such as a feeding roller, a distributing roller, a discharging roller, a primary air preheater, a primary air induced draft fan and the like) needing electric power, and a combustor 24 is arranged in the primary air chamber 2 for ignition and can also perform manual ignition if necessary.

The utility model also provides a method for gasifying and burning the household garbage by using the device, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Feeding: discharging the household garbage into a hopper 12 by utilizing a grab bucket, and pressing the garbage to a preheating drying chamber 9 through a feeding roller 11;

(2) Preheating: opening a primary air preheater 18, enabling air to enter the primary air preheater from an air inlet 17 of the primary air preheater and be heated, leading out hot air, leading the hot air into a feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 through a pipeline, respectively leading the hot air into preheating air pipes on the side wall of a preheating drying chamber, and preheating garbage in the preheating drying chamber 9 to 100-450 ℃ under the action of the feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 so as to remove water in the garbage, so that the water content of the garbage is reduced to below 10%;

(3) Cracking and gasifying: the garbage after the water is removed by preheating enters a material layer of a furnace 5 through a material distribution roller 7, the upper layer of the material layer of the furnace is a pyrolysis gasification layer 4-1, the garbage is heated by gas from a combustion zone, organic components of the garbage are decomposed into combustible synthetic gas and solid carbon, the synthetic gas enters a gas layer upwards, and the solid carbon enters a combustion zone 4-2 downwards; the cracking temperature is controlled between 650 and 950 ℃;

(4) And (3) burning: the solid carbon garbage after pyrolysis and gasification moves downwards to a combustion layer 4-2, the garbage is combusted in the combustion layer to generate high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas moves upwards to enter the pyrolysis gasification layer to provide heat energy for pyrolysis and gasification reaction, and the combusted solid enters the ash layer downwards to form ash; the combustion temperature is controlled at 800-950 ℃;

(6) And (3) deslagging: slag in the ash slag layer falls into the water seal discharging groove 1 through the discharging roller 3 and the slag discharging pipe 2-3 and is discharged through the slag extractor 23.

The utility model is illustrated below in connection with specific examples:

example 1:

in this embodiment, the synthesis gas outlet is connected to a purification device located outside the incinerator through a synthesis gas duct 13, and the gas outlet of the purification device is connected to a natural gas storage device.

Example 2:

in this embodiment, the synthetic gas outlet is connected with a purification device located outside the incinerator through the synthetic gas duct 13, and the gas outlet of the purification device is connected with a gas generator, and the gas generator is used for generating electricity, so that self-sufficient power supply can be realized.

Example 3:

in this embodiment, the synthesis gas outlet is connected via a synthesis gas duct 13 to two combustion chambers 19 located outside the incinerator: the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 19 is provided with a group of secondary combustion ash removing ports 20, the secondary combustion ash removing ports 20 are provided with ash removing valves, and the secondary combustion chamber can be cleaned by opening the ash removing valves; the top of the two combustion chambers is provided with a secondary air inlet 14, a deacidification agent nozzle 15 and a denitration agent nozzle 16 which are respectively connected with devices capable of providing secondary air, deacidification agent and denitration agent; the side wall of the two combustion chambers is provided with a synthetic gas inlet which is communicated with the gas layer 6 of the first combustion chamber 5 through a synthetic gas air duct 13, and synthetic gas generated by the first combustion chamber 5 enters the two combustion chambers through the synthetic gas air duct 13 for combustion; the secondary combustion chamber 19 is internally provided with a primary air preheater 18, the top of the primary air preheater is provided with a primary air preheater air inlet 17, the bottom of the primary air preheater is provided with a primary air preheater air outlet 21, and the primary air preheater air inlet 17 and the primary air preheater air outlet are both positioned outside the secondary combustion chamber; the primary air preheater air inlet 17 is communicated with the feeding preheating air outlet pipe 10 through a pipeline, the primary air preheater air outlet 21 is connected with a primary air outlet pipeline, the outlet of the primary air outlet pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 through a pipeline I, and hot air sequentially flows through the feeding pipeline I, the feeding preheating air inlet pipe and the preheating air pipe and then enters the preheating drying chamber 9 so as to provide heat for the preheating drying chamber 9; the other path is communicated with the primary air chamber 2 through a pipeline II, hot air sequentially flows through the pipeline II and the primary air inlet 2-1 and then enters the primary air chamber 2, enters the ash slag layer 4-3 of the material layer 4 through a gap of the discharging roller 3, and enters the combustion layer to burn garbage after passing through the ash slag layer upwards while cooling the ash slag, so that the temperature of the air is increased, and then enters the gasification layer, the garbage in the gasification layer is heated and gasified, and the generated synthetic gas enters the secondary combustion chamber 19 through the synthetic gas air duct 13; and a primary air induced draft fan 22 is arranged on each of the pipeline I and the pipeline II.

Example 4:

in this example, the apparatus of example 3 was used to gasify and incinerate small garbage:

(2) Preheating: opening a primary air preheater 18, enabling air to enter the primary air preheater from an air inlet 17 of the primary air preheater and be heated, leading out hot air, leading the hot air into a feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 through a pipeline, and then respectively leading the hot air into preheating air pipes on the side wall of a preheating drying chamber, and preheating and drying (garbage in a drying chamber 9 is preheated to 160-200 ℃ under the action of the feeding preheating air inlet pipe 8 so as to remove water in the garbage, so that the water content of the garbage is reduced to below 10%;

(3) Cracking and gasifying: the garbage after the water is removed by preheating enters a material layer of a furnace 5 through a material distribution roller 7, the upper layer of the material layer of the furnace is a pyrolysis gasification layer 4-1, the garbage is heated by gas from a combustion zone, organic components of the garbage are decomposed into combustible synthetic gas and solid carbon, the synthetic gas enters a gas layer upwards, and the solid carbon enters a combustion zone 4-2 downwards; the cracking temperature is 650-950 ℃;

(4) And (3) burning: the solid carbon garbage after pyrolysis and gasification moves downwards to a combustion layer 4-2, the garbage is combusted in the combustion layer to generate high-temperature gas, the high-temperature gas moves upwards to enter the pyrolysis gasification layer to provide heat energy for pyrolysis and gasification reaction, and the combusted solid enters the ash layer downwards to form ash; the combustion temperature is 800-950 ℃;

(5) Burning out: the burnt garbage continuously moves down to an ash layer, the garbage is further burnt in the ash layer, the burning rate is lower than 3%, and ash is formed by cooling once; the temperature of ash is reduced to be close to the temperature of primary air;

(6) And (3) deslagging: slag in the ash slag layer falls into the water seal discharging groove 1 through the discharging roller 3 and the slag discharging pipe 2-3 and is discharged through the slag extractor 23;

(7) The synthesis gas in the step (3) enters a gas layer upwards, and is conveyed into a secondary combustion chamber from a synthesis gas air duct 13 to be subjected to deacidification treatment and denitration treatment:

the deacidification treatment refers to: spraying sodium bicarbonate deacidification agent dry powder into the secondary combustion chamber through a deacidification agent nozzle 15 in a pneumatic conveying mode at the top of the secondary combustion chamber, and removing sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride and other acid gases in the synthesis gas, wherein the removal rate is more than 55%, and the dosage of the deacidification agent dry powder is 1.2 times of the sum of chemical equivalent of the hydrogen chloride, the sulfur dioxide and other acid gases;

the denitration treatment refers to: spraying ammonia water denitration agent into the secondary combustion chamber through a denitration agent nozzle 16 in a pneumatic conveying mode at the top of the secondary combustion chamber, and removing nitrogen oxides with a removal rate of more than 50%; the amount of the denitration agent is 1.2 times of the stoichiometric amount of the nitrogen oxide.

According to the embodiment, the device provided by the utility model can reduce the requirements of the small garbage incineration facilities on the external matching of water, electricity and the like, reduce or use industrial water, can normally operate under the condition that power generation is not connected to the internet, and can also be matched with a renewable resource treatment facility to provide energy sources for the small garbage incineration facilities. The equipment needs to be simplified, the requirement on operation team is reduced, and the operation in county and village and town levels is facilitated.

The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the technical concept and technical features of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the essence of the present utility model should be included in the scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a small-size domestic waste gasification burns device, the main part is the incinerator that burns rubbish and uses, and the furnace of incinerator is as a combustion chamber (5), its characterized in that:

a plurality of preheating drying chambers (9) with the same structure are arranged above the combustion chamber (5), and a hopper (12) is arranged above the plurality of preheating drying chambers; the upper bottom and the lower bottom of the preheating drying chamber are respectively communicated with a hopper and a combustion chamber; the bottom of the hopper is provided with a feed roller (11), and the feed roller is positioned above the preheating drying chamber; the top of the combustion chamber is provided with a material distributing roller (7), and the material distributing roller is positioned below the preheating drying chamber;

the preheating drying chambers are characterized in that preheating air pipes are vertically arranged in the side walls of the preheating drying chambers, air inlets of the preheating air pipes are communicated with feeding preheating air inlet pipes (8) which are transversely arranged, and air outlets of the preheating air pipes are communicated with feeding preheating air outlet pipes (10) which are transversely arranged; the feeding preheating air outlet pipe (10) is arranged outside the incinerator, and the pipe outlet is connected with a device capable of heating air through a pipeline; the inlet of the feeding preheating air inlet pipe (8) is arranged outside the incinerator and is connected with a device capable of providing hot air through a pipeline;

the middle and upper part of the combustion chamber (5) is provided with a gas layer (6), and the middle and lower part of the combustion chamber is provided with a material layer (4); the side wall of the gas layer is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, and the synthesis gas outlet is connected with a synthesis gas combustion device or a synthesis gas using device positioned outside the incinerator through a synthesis gas air duct (13); the material layer is divided into a cracking gasification layer (4-1), a combustion layer (4-2) and an ash layer (4-3) from top to bottom, and the cracking gasification layer, the combustion layer and the ash layer are communicated with each other; the bottom of the material layer is provided with a discharge roller (3), and the discharge roller is positioned below the ash slag layer (4-3);

the air-conditioning device is characterized in that a primary air chamber (2) communicated with the primary air chamber is arranged below the primary air chamber (5), a primary air inlet (2-1) is formed in the side wall of the primary air chamber, the primary air inlet is connected with a device capable of providing hot air through a pipeline, and an insulating layer (2-2) is arranged on the outer wall of the primary air chamber; the lower part of the primary air chamber is communicated with a slag discharging pipe (2-3), the slag discharging pipe is arranged in the discharging water seal groove (1), and ash slag falling from the slag discharging pipe (2-3) is discharged through a slag extractor (23).

2. The small-sized household garbage gasification and incineration device according to claim 1, wherein: the synthetic gas outlet is connected with a purification device positioned outside the incinerator through a synthetic gas air duct (13), the gas outlet of the purification device is connected with a natural gas storage device or a gas generator, and the synthetic gas coming out of a combustion chamber is directly purified and then used as a substitute of the natural gas or is used for generating electricity by adopting the gas generator.

3. The small-sized household garbage gasification and incineration device according to claim 1, wherein: the synthetic gas combustion device is provided with two combustion chambers (19), is in a cuboid shape as a whole and mainly carries out combustion treatment on the synthetic gas generated by garbage incineration: the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber (19) is provided with a group of secondary combustion ash removing ports (20), and the secondary combustion ash removing ports (20) are provided with ash removing valves; the top of the two combustion chambers is provided with a secondary air inlet (14), a deacidification agent nozzle (15) and a denitration agent nozzle (16), which are respectively connected with devices capable of providing secondary air, deacidification agent and denitration agent; the side wall of the two combustion chambers is provided with a synthetic gas inlet which is communicated with a gas layer (6) of the one combustion chamber (5) through a synthetic gas air duct (13); the two combustion chambers (19), inside be provided with primary air preheater (18), primary air preheater's top is provided with primary air preheater air intake (17), the bottom is provided with primary air preheater air outlet (21), primary air preheater air intake (17) and primary air preheater air outlet all are located the outside of two combustion chambers, primary air preheater air intake (17) are connected with the device that can provide primary air, primary air preheater air outlet (21) are connected with primary air outlet pipeline, the export of primary air outlet pipeline divide into two-way, one way is linked together with feeding preheated air intake pipe (8) through the pipeline, another way is linked together with primary plenum (2) through the pipeline.

4. A small household garbage gasification incinerator according to claim 3, characterised in that: the primary air preheater air inlet (17) is communicated with the feeding preheating air outlet pipe (10) through a pipeline.

5. A small household garbage gasification incinerator according to claim 3, characterised in that: the outlet of the primary air outlet pipeline is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a feeding preheating air inlet pipe (8) through a pipeline I, and hot air flows through the feeding pipeline I, the feeding preheating air inlet pipe and the preheating air pipe in sequence and then enters a preheating drying chamber (9) so as to provide heat for the preheating drying chamber (9); the other path is communicated with the primary air chamber (2) through a pipeline II, and hot air sequentially flows through the pipeline II and the primary air inlet (2-1) and then enters the primary air chamber (2).

6. The small-sized household garbage gasification and incineration device according to claim 1, wherein: the hopper (12) is of a cone structure, and the lower bottom of the hopper is communicated with a plurality of preheating drying chambers (9) with the same structure; the hopper, the below of lower bottom is provided with a plurality of pair roller crushers I, and each pair roller crusher I corresponds a preheating drying chamber (9) and is located the top of this preheating drying chamber upper bottom, and pair roller crusher I uses as feed roller (11).

7. The small-sized household garbage gasification and incineration device according to claim 1, wherein: the preheating drying chamber (9) is of a vertical cuboid structure as a whole, and a plurality of preheating drying chambers are distributed in the horizontal direction; a pair of roller crushers II are arranged below the lower bottom of each preheating drying chamber, and the pair of roller crushers II are used as distributing rollers (7).

8. The small-sized household garbage gasification and incineration device according to claim 1, wherein: the preheating drying chambers (9) are vertically arranged in the side walls, the plurality of preheating air pipes are called a group of preheating air pipes, and a group of preheating air pipes is shared between adjacent preheating drying chambers except for the two sides of the preheating drying chambers; the top of the preheating drying chambers is transversely provided with a feeding preheating air outlet pipe (10), the bottom of the preheating drying chambers is transversely provided with a feeding preheating air inlet pipe (8), the feeding preheating air outlet pipe (10) is positioned below the feeding roller (11), and the feeding preheating air inlet pipe (8) is positioned above the distributing roller (7); the air inlets of each group of preheating air pipes are communicated with a transversely arranged feeding preheating air inlet pipe (8), and the air outlets are communicated with a transversely arranged feeding preheating air outlet pipe (10).

9. The small-sized household garbage gasification and incineration device according to claim 1, wherein: the primary air chamber (2) is in a rectangular pyramid shape as a whole, the top of the primary air chamber is provided with a plurality of double-roller crushers III, each double-roller crusher III is correspondingly arranged under each material distribution roller (7), and the double-roller crushers III are used as material discharging rollers (3); the discharging roller is positioned below the ash slag layer (4-3) and above the primary air chamber (2).

10. The small-sized household garbage gasification and incineration device according to claim 1, wherein: the discharging water seal groove (1) is of a hollow groove body structure with an opening, water is filled in the groove body structure, and a water level line (1-1) is higher than the output end of the slag discharging pipe (2-3).