CN110986043A - Major structure and system of L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace - Google Patents

Major structure and system of L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace Download PDF

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CN110986043A
CN110986043A CN201911382952.3A CN201911382952A CN110986043A CN 110986043 A CN110986043 A CN 110986043A CN 201911382952 A CN201911382952 A CN 201911382952A CN 110986043 A CN110986043 A CN 110986043A
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combustion chamber
main
organic solid
auxiliary combustion
solid waste
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惠建明
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WUXI YIEN TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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WUXI YIEN TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/16Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being hot liquid or hot vapour, e.g. waste liquid, waste vapour
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a main structure and a system of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body and a reciprocating grate arranged at the lower part in the furnace body, wherein the inner space of the furnace body above the reciprocating grate is sequentially divided into three independent chambers through partition walls according to the material conveying direction: auxiliary combustion chamber A ', carbonization chamber C and main combustion chamber A, be provided with a plurality of combustors in the auxiliary combustion chamber A', be provided with reinforced distributing device on the auxiliary combustion chamber A ', the top of auxiliary combustion chamber A' is provided with hot exhanst gas outlet, is provided with hot flue gas import in the below of the reciprocal grate that lies in auxiliary combustion chamber A ', is provided with a plurality of radiant heating pipes in the carbonization chamber C, is provided with the pyrolysis gas export on the carbonization chamber C, main combustion chamber A's structure has one of following three kinds of structures: activating furnace structure, gasifier structure, boiler structure. The invention realizes the clean combustion of the organic solid waste, does not generate dioxin, does not need desulfurization and denitrification, and does not have secondary environmental pollution.

Description

Major structure and system of L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic solid waste treatment, in particular to a main body structure and a system of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace.
Background
At present, most of organic solid wastes are incinerated by only recovering heat energy, the equipment investment and operation cost required by high-temperature incineration are high, the incineration heat efficiency is low, and the flue gas after incineration also needs desulfurization and denitrification.
More seriously, the organic solid waste garbage can generate dioxin seriously harming human health by adopting an incineration method, so that secondary environmental pollution is caused. The dioxin (dioxins) with extremely strong toxicity is a general name of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF, polychlorinated dibenzo-furan), has 130 times of cyanide which is a well-known virulent substance and 900 times of arsenic, has various toxicities such as endocrine interference effect and extremely strong carcinogenic effect on a human body under a low-dose environment, and can also cause skin sore, headache, deafness, depression, insomnia, wasting syndrome, thymus atrophy, immunotoxicity, liver toxicity, chloracne, reproductive toxicity, developmental toxicity and teratogenicity, and can cause chromosome damage and heart failure, fetal growth failure, obvious reduction of sperm number of men, immune function reduction, intelligence quotient reduction, mental disorder and other diseases. Dioxin is almost absent in nature, can be generated only by chemical synthesis, is the most feared chemical substance created by human beings, and is called the "toxicant with the highest toxicity on the earth". Dioxin is mainly derived from waste incineration, synthesis of chlorine-containing pesticides and chlorine bleaching of paper pulp. Wherein the amount of dioxin discharged by the incineration of the garbage is more than 75 percent of the total amount of the dioxin discharged by the incineration of the garbage. In order to reduce the amount of garbage, garbage classification and garbage incineration are becoming popular in domestic big cities.
The mechanism of generating dioxin by burning organic solid wastes is as follows: during incineration, chloride in the organic solid waste garbage generates a large amount of dioxin at 250-600 ℃ under the catalysis of original heavy metals in the solid waste. Therefore, the prior art adopts a direct combustion mode to treat the organic solid waste garbage and can not solve the generation problem of dioxin from the source.
At present, the following methods are available for controlling dioxin by waste incineration:
(1) pretreatment of garbage before combustion: remove chlorine and heavy metals and reduce the necessary conditions for producing dioxin.
(2) The improved combustion technology comprises the following steps: full combustion, increasing the temperature of the hearth, controlling the temperature of smoke, and the like.
(3) Removing dioxin from flue gas: active carbon adsorption, cloth bag dust removal and flue gas quenching technology and the like.
However, the above methods cannot fundamentally and effectively solve the environmental problem in the treatment of organic solid waste garbage.
Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art to create a new organic solid waste garbage treatment technology to solve the problem of dioxin generation in the conventional organic solid waste garbage treatment.
In addition, the prior art needs to solve the problems of low gas production cleanliness and low energy utilization rate in the organic solid waste garbage treatment. For example, traditional low temperature pyrolysis mode belongs to the oxygen deficiency and burns the technique, though possesses certain advantage, but traditional pyrolysis gasifier upper end is the feed inlet, and inside from the top down of pyrolysis gasifier is the drying layer in proper order, pyrolysis gasification layer, combustion stratum and ash bucket, so can lead to mixing into a large amount of flue gas, steam, dust etc. in the pyrolysis gas, lead to the pyrolysis gas unclean and the calorific value is low, can only be used for burning, burns the back flue gas and needs SOx/NOx control. And the low-temperature pyrolysis process in the prior art is slow in pyrolysis and low in efficiency, and a part of air mixed in the low-temperature pyrolysis process also brings potential safety hazards. If indirect heat transfer (such as a rotary kiln type) is adopted for dry distillation, the heat transfer efficiency is low, the investment is large, and the dry distillation area is difficult to be distinguished, so that the maximization of resource utilization cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a main body structure and a system of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace, aiming at overcoming the defect that dioxin is generated in the traditional organic solid waste garbage treatment process and realizing the clean combustion of organic solid waste and the graded utilization of energy and resources. The method is characterized in that organic solid waste is carbonized and pyrolyzed in a clean combustion mode, and methane-based high-calorific-value clean pyrolysis gas and active carbon are respectively produced. The waste heat can produce saturated or superheated steam. The fuel of the hot combustion is carbon monoxide and hydrogen generated by activated gasification, and is a clean energy source, the combustion generates water and carbon dioxide, and the heat required by the drying, pyrolysis and activation of the materials is provided, including providing proper temperature and steam required by the activation). The pyrolysis gas can be used as internal fuel, external fuel and chemical resources. The activated carbon can be used as a sewage treatment plant or other adsorbent for removing pollutants, and the steam can supply heat or generate electricity, so that the method has considerable economic benefit. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a L type is organic admittedly useless retort major structure, includes the furnace body that constitutes by heat-resisting furnace wall and sets up the reciprocal grate that is used for the material to carry of lower part position in the furnace body is located the furnace body inner space of reciprocal grate top is separated for independent three room in proper order through the partition wall according to material direction of delivery: auxiliary combustion chamber A ', carbonization chamber C and main combustion chamber A, be provided with a plurality of combustors in the auxiliary combustion chamber A', be provided with reinforced distributing device on the auxiliary combustion chamber A ', the top of auxiliary combustion chamber A' is provided with hot exhanst gas outlet, is lieing in the below of the reciprocal grate of auxiliary combustion chamber A 'is provided with hot smoke inlet, be provided with a plurality of radiant heating pipe in the carbonization chamber C, be provided with the pyrolysis gas export on the carbonization chamber C, main combustion chamber A's structure has one of following three kinds of structures: activating furnace structure, gasifier structure, boiler structure.
Wherein, except that the produced pyrolysis gas of carbonization chamber C can supply the outside to utilize after collecting, three kinds of different structures of main combustion chamber A are used for realizing three kinds of clean energy utilization modes: the activation furnace structure generates carbon monoxide, hydrogen and activated carbon for external utilization; the gasifier structure produces carbon monoxide, hydrogen and slag (ash) for external use; the boiler structure directly burns the produced blue char into carbon dioxide and ash, and generates boiler steam.
Preferably, main combustion chamber A is the activation furnace structure, just the activation furnace structure be provided with a plurality of combustors in the main combustion chamber A, lieing in main combustion chamber A's reciprocal grate's below is provided with the steam spout, lieing in main combustion chamber A's reciprocal grate's top is provided with the baffle, the baffle with form the activation district between the reciprocal grate, the activation district is connected main combustion chamber A lower part's discharging device.
Preferably, the inner hole of the radiant heating pipe is communicated with the auxiliary combustion chamber a' and the main combustion chamber a.
In the invention, a steam spray pipe is arranged between the activation zone and the discharging device.
In the invention, a waste heat recovery device is arranged in the auxiliary combustion chamber A'.
In the invention, the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with a pyrolysis gas collecting device.
Preferably, a vertical partition plate is arranged in the carbonization chamber C to form a sectional output of pyrolysis gas.
Preferably, a gas leakage-proof control device is arranged at the intersection and adjacent position of the upper end of the reciprocating grate and the auxiliary combustion chamber A' and the carbonization chamber C, and a gas leakage-proof control device is arranged at the intersection and adjacent position of the upper end of the reciprocating grate and the carbonization chamber C and the main combustion chamber A.
Preferably, a steam jet is arranged below the reciprocating grate of the carbonization chamber C.
The utility model provides a L type is organic admittedly useless retort system, includes the furnace body that constitutes by heat-resisting furnace wall and sets up the reciprocal grate that is used for the material to carry of lower part position in the furnace body is located the furnace body inner space of reciprocal grate top is separated for independent three room in proper order through the partition wall according to material direction of delivery: an auxiliary combustion chamber A ', a carbonization chamber C and a main combustion chamber A, wherein a plurality of burners are respectively arranged in the auxiliary combustion chamber A' and the main combustion chamber A, the auxiliary combustion chamber A 'is provided with a charging and distributing device, a hot flue gas outlet is arranged above the auxiliary combustion chamber A', a hot flue gas inlet is arranged below the reciprocating grate of the auxiliary combustion chamber A ', a plurality of radiant heating pipes communicated with the auxiliary combustion chamber A' and the main combustion chamber A are arranged in the carbonization chamber C, a pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the carbonization chamber C, a steam nozzle is arranged below the reciprocating grate of the main combustion chamber A, a baffle plate is arranged above the reciprocating grate of the main combustion chamber A, an activation area is formed between the baffle plate and the reciprocating grate and is connected with a discharging device at the lower part of the main combustion chamber A; and a hot flue gas outlet of the auxiliary combustion chamber A' is connected with a cooling exhaust system, and a flue gas circulation branch for returning hot flue gas to the hot flue gas inlet is arranged on the cooling exhaust pipeline system.
The technological process of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace system is described as follows:
a certain amount of materials enter the furnace body of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace through the charging and distributing device, are dynamically conveyed by the horizontal reciprocating grate to firstly pass through the auxiliary combustion area A', and are heated by the radiation of combustion flue gas, the convection of the flue gas at the lower part of the grate and the conduction of the grate, and are dried until the water content is about 2 percent, and are preheated to about 200 ℃. And then the mixture enters a carbonization chamber C, and the materials in the region are further heated to 550-650 ℃ by a radiation heating pipe in an anoxic environment, namely pyrolysis and dry distillation are carried out, and pyrolysis gas is generated by carbonization. The material then enters a main combustion area A and is activated in an activation area, and water gas generated in the activation area enters the area A along a baffle plate for combustion. And finally discharging the material through a discharging device.
Burners in the combustion chambers A and A 'burn under the condition of low excess air ratio, the combustion temperature of the area A is kept at 800-850 ℃, the combustion temperature of the area A' is kept above 700 ℃, the radiant heating pipe is communicated with the areas A and A ', and the smoke of the area A enters the waste heat recovery device together with the smoke of the area A' through the radiant heating pipe and is finally discharged at the temperature of 250 ℃. Then enters a system for cooling, and finally is discharged out of the system at about 130 ℃.
Therefore, the pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization chamber C with the radiant heating pipe occupies most space of the zone C, does not contain the flue gas mixed in the combustion zone, and can be taken as high-quality pyrolysis gas, is close to natural gas, is discharged to a pyrolysis gas collecting device from a pyrolysis gas outlet, recovers waste heat and then is sent to a preset place.
Although combustible gas which is extremely explosive is generated in the auxiliary combustion chamber A' and the main combustion chamber A, the temperature of the areas is maintained to be about 700-800 ℃ because the burner is used for combustion under the condition of low excess air ratio, so that the combustible gas is not only low in density but also burnt out in the areas, and thus, the danger of explosion is avoided, but a combustible gas detector or an oxygen detector is preferably arranged in the combustion area to control the air-fuel ratio so as to completely burn out the combustible gas.
As is clear from the above, the L-type organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace according to the present invention is composed of three regions, i.e., an auxiliary combustion chamber a', a carbonization chamber C, and a main combustion chamber a, and the main function of the region a is to provide heat in the region C by the combustion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen by a burner. The main function of the A 'area is to adjust the temperature of the A' area by drying materials through a burner, and simultaneously ensure the safety of the C area. The radiation of the area A' plays a role in quickly drying the materials and quickly heating the materials, provides basic conditions for pyrolysis after the materials enter the area C, and improves the heat transfer efficiency of heat transfer between the area C and the total system efficiency.
Because the organic solid waste garbage is pyrolyzed in an oxygen-deficient environment at 700 ℃, heavy metals, sulfur and the like in the organic solid waste garbage are fixed in carbon, and metal elements such as Cu, Fe, Al and the like cannot be oxidized, so that the environmental condition for forming dioxin is destroyed, the generation of dioxin is greatly reduced, and after macromolecular cracking, organic matters are mainly in gas and liquid and cannot generate secondary pollution of the dioxin after being reused.
When the main combustion chamber A adopts an activation furnace structure, steam is adopted as an activating agent to contact with carbon at high temperature for activation to form high-quality activated carbon.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
first, in the main structure and system of the L-type organic solid waste char gasification furnace according to the present invention, pyrolysis is performed in an oxygen deficient environment, heavy metals, sulfur, etc. in the organic solid waste are fixed in carbon, thereby destroying environmental conditions for dioxin formation, and Cr3+ is not converted into Cr6+ and Nox is generated in a very small amount because reducing conditions are maintained. Therefore, the organic solid waste treatment is realized without sewage discharge, clean combustion is free of dioxin, desulfurization and denitrification are not needed, and secondary environmental pollution is avoided.
Secondly, according to the main body structure and the system of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace, the CO and H2 are burnt to provide pyrolysis heat, so that the gasification furnace is environment-friendly and pollution-free. The heat generated by clean combustion provides drying, pyrolysis and activation of organic solid waste, and the redundant heat generates steam through waste heat recovery, so that pyrolysis gas, active carbon and steam mainly comprising methane are obtained, and harmony and unity of heat, resources and environment are realized.
Thirdly, the main structure and the system of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace adopt a forward-pushing fire grate (a horizontal reciprocating fire grate), a heat-resistant furnace wall and the like which are mature and reliable structures and reliable low-oxygen combustion technologies, and the safe and stable operation of the whole system is ensured.
Fourthly, according to the main body structure and the system of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace, due to the unique horizontal arrangement structure of the auxiliary combustion chamber A', the carbonization chamber C and the main combustion chamber A, smoke and dust are isolated, so that high-quality pyrolysis gas such as methane, carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbons and other combustible gas can be effectively collected; carbonizing the material to generate active carbon; the generation of a certain amount of steam may provide heat or generate electricity. Thereby achieving energy saving and maximum utilization of resources.
Fifthly, according to the main body structure and the system of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace, the auxiliary combustion chamber A 'and the main combustion chamber A are provided with the burners, and the burners are combusted under the condition of low excess air ratio, so that even if part of pyrolysis gas leaks from the carbonization chamber C to the auxiliary combustion chamber A' and the main combustion chamber A, the pyrolysis gas can be burnt out, and the running safety of the gasification furnace is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main body of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasifier system of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a furnace body, 2, a horizontal reciprocating grate, 3, a feeding and distributing device, 4-1, a discharge port, 4-2, a discharge device, 5, a combustor, 6, a radiant heating pipe, 7, a waste heat recovery device, 8-1, a hot flue gas outlet, 8-2, a pyrolysis gas outlet, 9, a heat-resistant furnace wall, 10, a partition plate, 11, a hot flue gas inlet, 12-1, a steam nozzle, 12-2, a steam spray pipe, 13, a baffle plate, 14, a leakage-proof control device, 15, an activation area, 16, a pyrolysis gas collection device, 17, a baffle plate, 18, a cooling exhaust system, 19 and a flue gas circulation branch.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an example of a main structure of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace is shown, according to the embodiment of the present example, the main structure of the gasification furnace is mainly divided into three zones, which are composed of an auxiliary combustion chamber a', a carbonization chamber C with a radiant heating pipe and a main combustion chamber a, and the three zones are arranged from a charging side to a discharging side of the gasification furnace in this order.
The above-mentioned zones are divided by heat-resisting furnace wall 9, so that the furnace gas of every zone in the furnace is not communicated with each other between carbonization chamber C and main combustion chamber A and auxiliary combustion chamber A'. A 10 baffle is provided in the carbonization chamber C to form a staged output of pyrolysis gas. A plurality of direct heating type burners 5 are arranged in the auxiliary combustion chamber A ', and a charging and distributing device 3 is arranged on the charging side of the auxiliary combustion chamber A', so that the thickness and the uniformity of a material layer on the reciprocating grate 2 are ensured. The lower end of the reciprocating grate is provided with a hot flue gas inlet 11, an adjustable flue gas inlet device is arranged on the hot flue gas inlet, and the flue gas inlet amount is adjusted by a flue gas adjusting door; the recycled flue gas is converged with flue gas generated by combustion of the combustor 5 and flue gas in the radiant heating pipe 6 and then enters the waste heat recovery device 7 to generate medium-pressure or low-pressure steam. The flue gas in the auxiliary combustion chamber A' is discharged from a hot flue gas outlet 8-1, the temperature is about 250 ℃, and then the flue gas is cooled to 130 ℃ through a system and discharged.
A plurality of directly heated burners 5 are arranged in the main combustion chamber A, a discharging device 4-2 is arranged at a discharging port 4-1 part of the area, and indirect cooling is adopted; the discharging device 4-2 adopts a continuous closed discharging valve to prevent air from mixing. The lower end of the reciprocating grate at the lower part of the area and the lower end of the discharging area are provided with steam injection devices (comprising steam nozzles 12-1 and steam injection pipes 12-2) to form an activation area 15 for activating carbon from the carbonization chamber C and simultaneously generating CO and H2. The fuel of the main combustion zone A is mainly water gas from the activation zone, the temperature of high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion is 800-850 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas enters the radiant heating pipe 6 to provide carbonization heat of the carbonization chamber C. The flue gas enters the auxiliary combustion chamber A' from the radiation heating pipe 6, and the temperature is about 700-750 ℃. Wherein, the main reactions of the carbonization activation and the combustion zone are as follows:
1. steam reforming reaction:
C+H2O=CO+H2-131KJ/mol
2. water gas shift reaction
CO+H2O=CO2+H2+42KJ/mol
C+0.5O2=CO+111KJ/mol
CO+2H2=CH4+74KJ/mol
3. Burning of
2CO+O2=2CO2-565KJ/mol
0.5H2+O2=H2O-285.8KJ/mol
CH4+2O2=CO2+2H2O-890KJ/mol
A plurality of high-temperature radiant heating pipes 6 are arranged in the carbonization chamber C area, and the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber ensures the heat and temperature required by the pyrolysis and carbonization of the material entering the carbonization chamber through the radiant heating pipes. And (3) maintaining the temperature of the materials in the carbonization zone C at 550-650 ℃, keeping the temperature for 50-60 min, and recovering dry combustible gas generated by dry distillation, namely carbon monoxide, methane and hydrocarbons at about 550-600 ℃ by using a pyrolysis gas collection device 16. The lower end of the reciprocating grate 2 at the lower part of the carbonization chamber C is provided with a steam nozzle 12-1, and proper steam is sprayed at a proper position of the carbonization chamber to produce water gas and cool the grate. A retaining wall 10 is arranged in the carbonization chamber and mainly used for dividing pyrolysis gas and outputting gasified gas in a segmented mode, so that combustible gas can be discharged out of the furnace body in a short time, and the quality of the pyrolysis gas is improved.
The horizontal reciprocating grate 2 is a main conveying part for materials from the feeding and distributing device 3 to the discharging device 4-2, so that the materials pass through the auxiliary combustion area A', the carbonization area C and the main combustion area A respectively, and the processes from drying, carbonization, activation to final discharging of the materials are realized.
The process of this example is illustrated as follows:
a certain amount of materials enter a furnace body 1 of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace through a charging and distributing device 3, are dynamically conveyed by a horizontal reciprocating grate 2 and are firstly sent to an auxiliary combustion area A', the materials are heated by radiation of combustion flue gas, convection heating of the flue gas at the lower part of the grate and conduction heating of the grate, are dried to about 2 percent of water content, and are simultaneously preheated to about 200 ℃. And then the mixture enters a carbonization chamber C, and the material in the region is further heated to 550-650 ℃ by a radiant heating pipe 6 under an anoxic environment, namely pyrolysis and dry distillation are carried out, and pyrolysis gas is generated by carbonization. The material then enters the main combustion zone A and is activated in the activation zone, and the water gas produced in the activation zone enters the zone A along the baffle 17 for combustion. And finally discharging the material through a discharging device 4-2.
The burners in the combustion chambers A and A 'burn under the condition of low excess air ratio, the combustion temperature of the area A is kept at 800-850 ℃, the combustion temperature of the area A' is kept above 700 ℃, the radiant heating pipe 6 is communicated with the areas A and A ', the smoke of the area A enters the waste heat recovery device 7 together with the smoke of the area A' through the radiant heating pipe, and finally the smoke is discharged at the temperature of 250 ℃. Then enters a system for cooling, and finally is discharged out of the system at about 130 ℃.
Therefore, the pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization chamber C with the radiant heating pipe occupies most of the space of the zone C, and does not contain the flue gas mixed in the combustion zone, so that the pyrolysis gas can be taken as high-quality pyrolysis gas, close to natural gas, discharged to the pyrolysis gas collecting device 16 from the pyrolysis gas outlet 8-2, and sent to a predetermined place after waste heat recovery.
Although combustible gas which is extremely explosive is generated in the auxiliary combustion chamber a' and the main combustion chamber a, since the burner 5 is burned under the condition of low excess air ratio, the temperature of these regions is maintained at about 700-800 ℃, so that the combustible gas not only has low density but also is burned out in these regions, so that there is no danger of explosion, but it is preferable to arrange a combustible gas detector or an oxygen detector in the combustion region to control the air-fuel ratio so as to completely burn out the combustible gas.
As is clear from the above, the L-type organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace according to the present embodiment is composed of three regions, i.e., an auxiliary combustion chamber a', a carbonization chamber C, and a main combustion chamber a, and the main function of the region a is to provide heat in the region C by combusting carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a burner. The main function of the A 'area is to adjust the temperature of the A' area by drying materials through a burner, and simultaneously ensure the safety of the C area. The radiation of the area A' plays a role in quickly drying the materials and quickly heating the materials, provides basic conditions for pyrolysis after the materials enter the area C, and improves the heat transfer efficiency of heat transfer between the area C and the total system efficiency.
Because this embodiment adopts the pyrolysis under the oxygen deficiency environment within 700 ℃, heavy metal, sulphur etc. in the organic solid waste rubbish are all fixed in carbon, and metallic element such as metallic Cu, Fe, Al can not be by oxidation, has destroyed the environmental condition that dioxin formed from this, has significantly reduced the production of dioxin to make behind the macromolecule schizolysis, the organic matter is mainly in the gas-liquid, and the secondary pollution that can not produce dioxin of reuse.
When the main combustion chamber A adopts an activation furnace structure, steam is adopted as an activating agent to contact with carbon at high temperature for activation to form high-quality activated carbon.
Example 2:
fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace system of the present invention, which includes that the main structure of the gasification furnace of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1, and a cooling exhaust system 18 connected to a hot flue gas outlet 8-1 is added to the main structure, and a flue gas circulation branch 19 for returning hot flue gas to the hot flue gas inlet 11 is arranged on the cooling exhaust system 18.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a L type organic solid useless retort major structure, its characterized in that includes the furnace body that constitutes by heat-resisting furnace wall and sets up the reciprocal grate that is used for the material to carry of lower part position in the furnace body, is located the furnace body inner space of reciprocal grate top is separated for independent three room in proper order through the partition wall according to the material direction of delivery: auxiliary combustion chamber A ', carbonization chamber C and main combustion chamber A, be provided with a plurality of combustors in the auxiliary combustion chamber A', be provided with reinforced distributing device on the auxiliary combustion chamber A ', the top of auxiliary combustion chamber A' is provided with hot exhanst gas outlet, is lieing in the below of the reciprocal grate of auxiliary combustion chamber A 'is provided with hot smoke inlet, be provided with a plurality of radiant heating pipe in the carbonization chamber C, be provided with the pyrolysis gas export on the carbonization chamber C, main combustion chamber A's structure has one of following three kinds of structures: activating furnace structure, gasifier structure, boiler structure.
2. The main body structure of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the main combustion chamber a is an activation furnace structure, a plurality of burners are provided in the main combustion chamber a of the activation furnace structure, a steam nozzle is provided below a reciprocating grate of the main combustion chamber a, a baffle is provided above the reciprocating grate of the main combustion chamber a, an activation zone is formed between the baffle and the reciprocating grate, and the activation zone is connected to a discharging device at the lower part of the main combustion chamber a.
3. The main structure of L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasifier as claimed in claim 2, wherein the inner bore of the radiant heating pipe connects the auxiliary combustion chamber a' and the main combustion chamber a.
4. The main structure of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace as claimed in claim 2, wherein a steam nozzle is arranged between the activation zone and the discharging device.
5. The main structure of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a waste heat recovery device is disposed in the auxiliary combustion chamber a'.
6. The main structure of the L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with a pyrolysis gas collection device.
7. The main structure of an L-type organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a vertical partition is provided in the carbonization chamber C to form a staged output of pyrolysis gas.
8. The main body structure of an L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a gas leakage prevention control device is provided at the junction of the upper end of the reciprocating grate with the auxiliary combustion chamber a' and the carbonization chamber C, and a gas leakage prevention control device is provided at the junction of the upper end of the reciprocating grate with the carbonization chamber C and the main combustion chamber a.
9. The main body structure of an L-shaped organic solid waste char gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein steam jet nozzles are provided under the reciprocating grate of the carbonization chamber C.
10. The utility model provides a L type organic solid useless charcoal gasification stove system which characterized in that, includes the furnace body that constitutes by heat-resisting furnace wall and sets up the reciprocating grate that is used for the material to carry of furnace body lower part position, be located the furnace body inner space of reciprocating grate top is separated for independent three room in proper order through the partition wall according to the material direction of delivery: an auxiliary combustion chamber A ', a carbonization chamber C and a main combustion chamber A, wherein a plurality of burners are respectively arranged in the auxiliary combustion chamber A' and the main combustion chamber A, the auxiliary combustion chamber A 'is provided with a charging and distributing device, a hot flue gas outlet is arranged above the auxiliary combustion chamber A', a hot flue gas inlet is arranged below the reciprocating grate of the auxiliary combustion chamber A ', a plurality of radiant heating pipes communicated with the auxiliary combustion chamber A' and the main combustion chamber A are arranged in the carbonization chamber C, a pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the carbonization chamber C, a steam nozzle is arranged below the reciprocating grate of the main combustion chamber A, a baffle plate is arranged above the reciprocating grate of the main combustion chamber A, an activation area is formed between the baffle plate and the reciprocating grate and is connected with a discharging device at the lower part of the main combustion chamber A; and a hot flue gas outlet of the auxiliary combustion chamber A' is connected with a cooling exhaust system, and a flue gas circulation branch for returning hot flue gas to the hot flue gas inlet is arranged on the cooling exhaust pipeline system.
CN201911382952.3A 2019-12-28 2019-12-28 Major structure and system of L-shaped organic solid waste carbon gasification furnace Pending CN110986043A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112852449A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-05-28 阿拉善盟正杰工程建设有限公司 Carbonization furnace for secondary utilization of raw coal smoke

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0710514A (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-13 Chikatsu Harada Device for producing active carbon activated with internal heating steam
JPH11286684A (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-19 Takasago Ind Co Ltd Continuous carbonization furnace
JP2002115823A (en) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-19 Johnson Boiler Kk Apparatus for carbonization of waste
CN103708452A (en) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-09 中国科学院城市环境研究所 Self-heating continuous carbonization and activation processing method for biomass and device thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0710514A (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-13 Chikatsu Harada Device for producing active carbon activated with internal heating steam
JPH11286684A (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-10-19 Takasago Ind Co Ltd Continuous carbonization furnace
JP2002115823A (en) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-19 Johnson Boiler Kk Apparatus for carbonization of waste
CN103708452A (en) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-09 中国科学院城市环境研究所 Self-heating continuous carbonization and activation processing method for biomass and device thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112852449A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-05-28 阿拉善盟正杰工程建设有限公司 Carbonization furnace for secondary utilization of raw coal smoke

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