CN2204480Y - Small size chain plough - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a small-size plough machine which is characterized in that the entire machine is only provided with a driving wheel; an articulated-type driving wheel of the utility model is formed by that a plurality of footplates with claws are uniformly along the wheel perimeter by hinging pin shafts; the utility model is provided with a steering foot, a pressing key-type clutch and a crowbar-type clutch; the utility model adopts a speed changing mechanism which is formed by that a stepped wheel and a reduction box, etc. The utility model has the advantages that the utility model has small pressure intensity over the ground, and can not compact soil to be hardened; attachment coefficient is from 0.85 to 1 at the time of plowing; the utility model does not slip over the ground, and thus the propulsive efficiency of an engine can reach 67 percent above. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, low cost convenient operation and use, and small size. The utility model is suitable for the operation of plowing, raking and planting, short-distance transportation on hillsides and narrow roads in dry fields and orchards.

Description

Small size chain plough

The utility model ploughing machine belongs to the agricultural machinery of tractor class, is applicable to the nonirrigated farmland, ploughs, harrows, sows operations such as reaching closely transportation.

Prior art, nonirrigated farmland ploughing machine have caterpillar tractor and tractor with small four wheels and hand tractor etc.The caterpillar tractor volume is big, is not suitable in the mountain region farming; This class dicycly tractor remains in the some shortcomings part:

1) driving wheel is big to ground pressure.As a wheel is in ditch dug with a plow when ploughing, and another is taken turns in arable land face up train, and driving wheel is the line contact to ground, and contact area is little, and pressure is big.Cause soil compacting hardening, be unfavorable for soil infiltration, ventilative, be unfavorable for that crop takes root growth, be unfavorable for that active soil stratum thickens;

Driving wheel is little to traction when 2) raking the soil level.Ploughed pine because of soil when raking the soil level, driving wheel is skid on loosening the soil, and it is very low that the power of engine transforms tractive force efficient;

3) complex structure, the cost height.There are two driving wheels just must be provided with differential mechanism, two cover semiaxis, axle shaft housing, wheel hub, tire, shoe brake etc. must be arranged.

The object of the invention in order to remedy the prior art weak point, provides a kind of agronomy good, and pressure is little, and attachment coefficient is big, traction effect good, and simple in structure, and volume is little, and cost is low, is suitable for the simple and easy small-sized farming machine of nonirrigated farmland, mountain region farming.

The utility model ploughing machine is realized by following technical scheme.Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing that embodiment provides, describe in detail and form, architectural feature and assembling annexation.

Fig. 1 is the small-sized ploughing machine front view of the utility model hinge type;

Fig. 2 is the small-sized ploughing machine vertical view of the utility model hinge type;

Fig. 3 is the small-sized ploughing machine driving wheel of a utility model hinge type general assembly drawing;

Fig. 4 is the utility model ploughing machine driving wheel sole front view;

Fig. 5 is the utility model ploughing machine driving wheel sole vertical view;

Fig. 6 turns to the pin figure that is linked and packed for the utility model ploughing machine;

Fig. 7 is the utility model ploughing machine key-pressing type clutch figure.

Detailed description of main elements: engine (1), driving wheel (2), reduction box (3), brake (4), turn to pin (5), the stand of frame (6), the base of frame (7), crossbeam (8), put the beams in place (9), handgrip (10), driver's seat (11), tail wheel (12), farm implements (13), key-pressing type clutch (14), crowbar formula clutch (15), farm implements connect support (16), hinge bodies (17), former (18), stiffener (19), ring washer (20), wheel hub (21), lubricating cup (22), split pin (23), bearing pin (24), U-bolt (25), engine belt pulley (driving wheel) (26), reduction box belt pulley (driven pulley) (27), V-belt (28), deflecting roller (29), upper plate (30), lower plate (31), crowbar bearing pin (32), reduction box power take-off (33), bearing block (34), from positive spring (35), sole (36), claw (37), floor (38), sole stiffener (39), sole U template (40), screw bolt seat (41), screw rod (42), press key (43), handle (44), pull bar (45), thickness pad (46), bullet pad (47), bearing (48), steering spindle base (49), steering spindle (50), handwheel (51), connecting rod (52), connecting rod base (53), long slab spring (54), short slab spring (55), plain cushion (56), spring (57), bolt (58), bolt (59), nut (60), tail wheel link (61).

1, composition and architectural feature: (as shown in Figure 1, 2)

The utility model ploughing machine mainly comprises base (7), the crossbeam (8) of engine (1), driving wheel (2), reduction box (3), brake (4), the stand (6) that turns to pin (5), frame, frame, put the beams in place (9), handgrip (10), driver's seat (11), tail wheel (12), farm implements (13), presses chain type clutch (14), crowbar formula clutch compositions such as (15).Its architectural feature is:

1) full machine is only established a driving wheel (2), and driving wheel (2) is to constitute the hinge type driving wheel on the spoke by evenly being installed in hinge pin (24) in sole (36) edge wheel week of several band pawls (37).During the ploughing machine straight-line travelling, the track conllinear of driving wheel (2) and tail wheel (12).

2) the afterbody and arranged on left and right sides of gantry base (7) respectively is provided with one and turns to pin (5).

3) below engine (1) frame, be provided with crowbar formula clutch (15).

4) driven wheel (26), (27) are cone pulley, adopt cone pulley to replace many gears gearbox with the gear that reduction box (3) combines.

5) on the wheel hub of driving wheel (2), be provided with key-pressing type clutch (14).

6) number general 6～10 of the sole (36) of driving wheel (2) is advisable, and on the floor (38) of every sole (36) claw (37) is housed, and the number of elements general 8～16 of claw (37) is advisable.

7) turn to pin (5) as shown in Figure 6,, and be furnished with handwheel (51) and the link composition is installed, turn to pin (5) by the afterbody that link is installed in gantry base (7) is installed mainly by steering spindle (50), deflecting roller (49).Link is installed is formed, be installed in the bottom of gantry base (7) by connecting rod (52), connecting rod base (53), long slab spring (54), short slab spring (55).

8) key-pressing type clutch (14) is seen shown in Figure 7.Form by screw bolt seat (41), screw rod (42), pressure key (43), handle (44), pull bar (45), thickness pad (46), spring (47), plain cushion (56), be fixed on the wheel hub of driving wheel (2) by screw bolt seat (41).

2, the relation of being linked and packed (as shown in Figure 1, 2)

Frame comprises stand (6), base (7), and the rear end and arranged on left and right sides of base (7) is respectively installed a controlled pin (5) that turns to, the middle reduction box (3) of installing.The power input shaft end of reduction box (3) is being adorned driven pulley (27), be connected with engine belt pulley (26) by V-belt (28), the power take-off (33) of reduction box (3) is gone up dress driving wheel (2), and the end of power take-off (33) is supported by bearing block (34).Driving wheel is equipped with band brake.Engine (1) is fixed on the front end of base (7) by engine support, and crowbar formula clutch (15) places on the base (7) of engine support lower end.

Handgrip (10) is contained in the upper end of upper beam (9), and by deflecting roller (29), upper plate (30), lower plate (31) are connected with the stand (6) of frame put the beams in place (9).

Crossbeam (8) front end is connected with upper beam (9), and tail wheel (12) is fixed on the crossbeam (8) with U-bolt (25) by tail wheel link (61).Tail wheel (12) is provided with from positive spring (35), after tail wheel (12) turns to, from positive spring (35) tail wheel (12) is just drawn, it is kept and driving wheel (2) the track conllinear that advances, to guarantee the roadholding of ploughing machine, farm implements (13) are fixed on the tail end of crossbeam (8) by link (16).Driver's seat (11) is fixed on the crossbeam (8) with U-bolt (25).

3, further describe the structure working principle of critical piece below:

1) driving wheel (2) is shown in Fig. 1,3,4,5.

The sole figure of Fig. 4,5 driving wheels, sole (36) is made up of floor (38), claw (37), stiffener (39), U template (40), (38) go up dress claw (37) on the floor, claw (37) is distributed symmetrically on floor (38), so that sole (36) active force is even over the ground, the number of elements general 8～16 of claw (37) is advisable, claw (37) very little, adhesive force is too little over the ground for sole (36), driving wheel (2) easily skids over the ground, claw (37) is too much, and claw when travelling (37) pulls up and sags that to plough expense power big.

Driving wheel (2) is installed as shown in Figure 3.Be installed in uniformly on the former (18) of spoke by U template (40), with plain cushion (56), split pin (23), bearing pin (24), hinge bodies (17), former (18), stiffener (19) are connected with wheel hub (21), live with ring washer (20) shelves, constitute hinge type driving wheel (2).Driving wheel (2) is contained on the power take-off (33) of reduction box (3).The quantity that hinge bodies (17) is provided with lubricating cup (22), sole (36) should be complementary with the power of engine.Present embodiment adopts the 170F diesel engine as power, and (36) 14 on driving wheel (2) dress sole as shown in Figure 5.

Driving wheel (2) is made principle: when driving wheel (2) rotated, sole (36) was climbed on the ground successively tightly by claw (37).Because there is 1～2 sole (36) to contact with ground simultaneously, little to geostatic pressure, contact with ground because of claw (37) is inserted in the soil, so that the attachment coefficient μ when ploughing brings up to 0.85～1, thereby the propulsive efficiency of engine (1) is brought up to more than 67%.Since full machine only need a driving wheel (2), volume little, be suitable for narrow mountain region especially and use.

The gauge load normal pressure P=200kg of present embodiment driving wheel (2) gets attachment coefficient μ=0.85, then available tractive force F=μ P=179kg, adopt the 170F diesel engine as power, this machine calibration power Ne=2.94kw, rotation speed n=2600 γ/min, the theoretical tractive force F of engine ₀=(7162Nel)/(nR)

This ploughing machine gearratio i=69.11, driving wheel rolling radius R=0.3m, then this ploughing machine engine propulsive efficiency η is

$\mathrm{\eta =}\frac{F}{F_0}=\frac{\mathrm{FnR}}{\mathrm{7162Nei}}=\frac{\mathrm{170\times 2600\times 0.3}}{\mathrm{7162\times 4\times 69.11}}\mathrm{=67\%}$

If dry cropland, soil specific resistance k=0.5kg/cm ², tilling width b=20cm, tilling depth h=15cm, then soil resistance R is: R=1.1kbh=1.1 * 0.5 * 20 * 15=165kg

From last visible this ploughing machine tractive force F=170kg greater than soil resistance R=165kg, thereby overcome the shortcoming that wheel tractor skids during operation on arable land face.

2) turn to pin (5) as shown in Figure 6.

Mainly turn to pin (5) with what steering spindle (50), steering spindle base (49) were formed, when turning to pin (5) to install, steering spindle (50) upper end is passed connecting rod (52) plain cushion (56), nut (60), with bearing (48), handwheel (51) is installed on the steering spindle (50), and steering spindle (50) and connecting rod (52) are flexibly connected.Just turn to pin (5) and connecting rod (52) to be flexible connection.Connecting rod (52) bottom is provided with long slab spring (54), short slab spring (55) supports.Long and short leaf spring (54,55) is fixed on the connecting rod base (53) with bullet pad (47), bolt (58), nut (60).

Turning to pin (5) effect is that control driving wheel (2) turns to.When needs turn to a certain side (as turning left), when turning to pin (5) with a certain side (left side) under foot-operated, make the pin (5) that turns in left side press to ground, and the frictional force between the ground forms resistance over the ground, promptly the left side turns to pin to form the turning center, and driving wheel (2) turns to the turning center of pin (5) to turn to around the left side.Turn to finish after, pin leaves, long and short leaf spring (54,55) makes to turn to pin (5) to return to the origin-location under the elastic force effect---promptly turn to deflecting roller (49) built on stilts of pin (5).Turn to the distance between pin (5) and the ground can pass through handwheel (51) adjusting, to adapt to the differing heights of the face of ploughing, uncultivated land face, adjusting handle (51) is advisable turning to about the overhead about 30mm of pin (5) of and arranged on left and right sides.

3) gear: the gear that adopts cone pulley to combine with reduction box (3).Belt pulley (driven pulley) (27) on belt pulley on the engine (driving wheel) (26) and the reduction box (3) all is a cone pulley structure, and V-belt (28) are enclosed within on the driven wheel (26,27).

When travelling or during the high speed operation, V-belt (28) being contained in the big race of engine (26), the ploughing machine pace is about 6.4km/h; When ploughing rake or other low speed operation, V-belt (28) are contained in engine belt pulley (26) sulculus, at this moment the ploughing machine pace is about 4km/h.

5, crowbar formula clutch (15) links by bearing pin (32) and gantry base (7) as shown in Figure 1, can rotate around bearing pin (32).The end of crowbar has the clutch limiting plate, with crowbar downwards by to " from " the position, engine (1) then reverses an angle around bearing pin (32) inverse time meter, V-belt (28) becomes slack, engine belt pulley (26) and V-belt (28) are unclamped, when the up time engine flywheel rotated, reduction box (3) belt pulley (27) did not change.Crowbar is mentioned, and engine (1) reverses clockwise by gravity, and when crowbar was carried to the position of " closing ", the transmission of power that tighten engine (1) V-belt (28) arrived reduction box (3).Reduction box (3) is passed to driving wheel (2) with power after slowing down, and driving wheel (2) is rotated, and promptly ploughing machine is advanced.So control crowbar formula clutch places " closing ", then ato unit (1) advances ploughing machine; Place " from " position, ploughing machine halts.Should use band brake (4) during the ploughing machine descending.

4) key-pressing type clutch (14) is shown in Fig. 2,7)

Key-pressing type clutch (14) is fixed on the driving wheel wheel hub (21) with bullet pad (47), screw (59) by screw bolt seat (41).When needs driving wheel (2) reverses, the position that thickness pad (46) is pushed to approach, several circles of again screw rod (42) outwards being back-outed, shift thickness pad (46) onto thick position again, the key-pressing type clutch (14) that is about on the driving wheel (2) unclamps, and driver (2) and reduction gearbox output shaft (33) are thrown off.At this moment just driving wheel (2) is dragged commentaries on classics backward.

When needs advance, will press key clutch (14) to place " closing " position, be about to the position that thickness pad (46) is pushed to approach, rotating drive wheel (2), pull bar (45) is firmly believed propelling automatically under spring (47) effect, and rotary screw (42) gets final product then.

The small-sized ploughing machine major advantage of the utility model hinge type:

1, little to geostatic pressure, agronomy is good.Full machine is only established a hinge type driving wheel (2), and the sole (36) by band claw (37) is over the ground for the line contact, and is little to geostatic pressure, the soil compaction hardening can not helped the floor infiltration, breathes freely, and helps crop and takes root growth, helps active soil stratum and thickens.

2, adhesive force is big over the ground.Attachment coefficient μ is 0.85～1 during the arable land, and making the engine propulsive efficiency is more than 67%.

3, be provided with various operating mechanisms, as turn to that pin (5), sled frame clutch (15), the controls such as (14) of key-pressing type clutch turn to, start, advance, reversing etc., manipulate easy.

4, simple in structure, cost is low.As the gear that adopts cone pulley to combine with reduction box, substituted the multi-groove gearbox.Driving wheel is a single wheel, substitutes slip clutch with crowbar formula clutch, substitutes shoe brake etc. with band brake.

5, volume is little, is applicable to that the ploughing of nonirrigated farmland, rural area and orchard, rake, kind and hillside narrow road operation such as closely transport.

Claims (6)

1, the small-sized ploughing machine of hinge type mainly comprises engine, driving wheel, clutch, reduction box, brake, frame, handgrip, driver's seat, tail wheel, farm implements, it is characterized in that:

1) full machine is only established a driving wheel, and it is to use hinge pin by the sole of several band pawls along wheel week, evenly is installed in to constitute the hinge type driving wheel on the spoke;

2) the gantry base and arranged on left and right sides respectively is provided with one and turns to pin;

3) below entablature, be provided with crowbar formula clutch;

4) gear that adopts cone pulley to combine with reduction box;

5) on the driving wheel wheel hub, be provided with the key-pressing type clutch.

2, ploughing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the sole number general 6～10 of driving wheel is advisable.

3, according to claim 1,2 described ploughing machines, it is characterized in that at the bottom of the sole on the number of elements general 8～16 of claw be advisable.

4, ploughing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that turning to pin mainly by steering spindle, deflecting roller, and is furnished with handwheel and link composition, turns to pin to be installed in the gantry base afterbody by link.

5, according to claim 1 or 4 described ploughing machines, it is characterized in that turning to the link of pin to form by connecting rod, connecting rod base, long slab spring, short slab spring, be installed in the bottom of gantry base.

6, ploughing machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that the key-pressing type clutch, is made up of screw bolt seat, screw rod, pressure key, handle, pull bar, thickness pad, spring, is fixed on by screw bolt seat on the wheel hub of driving wheel.

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