CN220380493U - Spheroid photoelectric sensor for sun position detection - Google Patents
Spheroid photoelectric sensor for sun position detection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN220380493U CN220380493U CN202320712880.XU CN202320712880U CN220380493U CN 220380493 U CN220380493 U CN 220380493U CN 202320712880 U CN202320712880 U CN 202320712880U CN 220380493 U CN220380493 U CN 220380493U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- spheroid
- photosensitive element
- tracking
- photoelectric sensor
- sun
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a spheroid photoelectric sensor for detecting the position of the sun, which comprises a spheroid shell and a plurality of photosensitive elements, wherein the exterior of the spheroid shell is formed by a plurality of surfaces which are adjacent in sequence, the center of each surface is embedded and provided with a photosensitive element, the top surface of the spheroid shell is provided with a top photosensitive element, the periphery of the top photosensitive element near the top surface of the spheroid shell is provided with a photosensitive element group, and the photosensitive elements, the top photosensitive element and the photosensitive element group all adopt silicon photocells, photoresistors, photodiodes or phototriodes with the same area size and electrical characteristics; the utility model combines a transmission system and a computer control technology to realize accurate calculation and tracking of the sun position, has the advantages of simple tracking algorithm, wide tracking range, high tracking precision and the like, and can be widely applied to the field of photoelectric tracking.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of sun tracking, in particular to a spheroid photoelectric sensor for sun position detection.
Background
Photoelectric tracking adjusts the position of a photovoltaic module according to the light intensity detection signal of a photoelectric sensor, and the structural design of the photoelectric sensor can directly influence the tracking precision, the tracking algorithm and the tracking stability of a solar tracking system. The existing photoelectric tracking scheme is mainly realized by adopting the following sensors:
four-quadrant photosensor: the inside adopts 4 photocells to arrange according to the rectangle, and each photocell is illuminated and can independently output the voltage value, lets the light source project on the array through external simple and easy optical system, compares the voltage of each photocell just can obtain the light source angle. However, the tracking view angle range is smaller, the target is easy to lose, the control system is invalid, and even the execution structure generates misoperation;
partition type photoelectric sensor: when the included angle exists between the incident light and the partition board, the light intensity received by the photosensitive elements at two sides of the partition board is different, so that the sun position is judged. However, the motor is easily influenced by an external light source and other scattered light, so that the motor is frequently rotated, the running stability of the system is poor, and the tracking precision is not high;
photoelectric potential sensor: according to the difference of illumination intensity received by the two photoresistors on the inclined plane, the condenser and the like can face to the position with the maximum illumination intensity of the sun, but the precision is lower, and the solar energy collector is not suitable for a disc type solar photovoltaic power generation device.
The present utility model therefore addresses the above-described problems by providing a spheroid-type photoelectric sensor for solar position detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme, and the spheroid photoelectric sensor for detecting the sun position comprises a spheroid shell and a plurality of photosensitive elements, wherein the exterior of the spheroid shell is composed of a plurality of surfaces which are adjacent in sequence, the central position of each surface is embedded with one photosensitive element, the top surface of the spheroid shell is provided with a top photosensitive element, and the periphery of the top photosensitive element near the top surface of the spheroid shell is provided with a photosensitive element group.
Preferably, the photosensitive element, the top photosensitive element and the photosensitive element group are all made of silicon photocells, photoresistors, photodiodes or phototriodes with identical area size and electrical characteristics.
Preferably, the spheroid shell is a spheroid polyhedron.
The tracking method of the spheroid photoelectric sensor for detecting the sun position is realized based on two large modules of coarse tracking and fine tracking, wherein the spheroid photoelectric sensor a, d, b, c, e is arranged in five directions of the left upper part, the left lower part, the right upper part, the right lower part and the center of a solar panel by the coarse tracking module, and is used for ensuring that light rays vertically irradiate to the main axis of the solar panel during fine tracking, and the specific tracking method comprises the following steps of:
s1: setting the photocurrent threshold value output by the sensors when the sensor is in overcast days, at night or in the direction of no incident sunlight, as K, and outputting photocurrent I by the five sensors a, b, c, d, e a 、I b 、I c 、I d 、I e When the sensor is smaller than the threshold value K, the sensor is in a cloudy day, at night or the sensor does not face the incident direction of sunlight at all, at the moment, according to the setting direction of the PLC, the sensor is adjusted to the direction of the sun in the air in the current ephemeris by driving the azimuth angle direction stepping motor and the altitude direction stepping motor, and if the sensor is at night, the sensor waits for sunrise towards the eastern;
s2: when one or more than one of the five sensors a, b, c, d, e outputs photocurrents greater than the output photocurrents of the sensors at the rest positions, the sunlight deviates from the main axis position of the solar panel, namely, the part outputting large current is directly irradiated by the sunlight, and the PLC sends out instructions for driving the azimuth angle direction stepping motor and the altitude angle direction stepping motor, so that a coarse tracking mode is started;
s3: first coarse-tuning azimuth angle, the sum of photocurrents output by the sensors a, d (I a +I d ) Sum of photocurrents output from the sensors b and c (I b +I c ) Alignment, when I a +I d >I b +I c When the solar panel is at the left side of the main axis of the solar panel, the azimuth angle stepping motor is driven by the PLC to rotate clockwise until I a +I d ＝I b +I c When the sun position is on the right side of the main axis of the solar panel, the rough tracking adjustment of the rough tracking module is completed in the same way;
s4: after the rough tracking is finished, the main axis of the solar panel is basically aligned with the sun, namely the sensor e is basically aligned with the sun at the moment, a fine tracking mode is started, and the PLC controls the sensor e to perform fine tracking operation;
s5: collecting current signals I output by each silicon photocell 1, 2, 3, 4 … … n in the sensor e 1 、I 2 、I 3 、I 4 ……I n Converts it into a voltage signal V 1 、V 2 、V 3 、V 4 ……V n ；
S6: determining a silicon photocell with the maximum output voltage by comparing the voltages output by all the silicon photocells, namely determining the light spot coordinates (ψ, θ) on the largest silicon photocell by Matlab corresponding to the position of the sun at the moment, and further driving the azimuth angle direction stepping motor to rotate in the horizontal direction to be ψ and the altitude direction stepping motor to rotate to be θ;
s7: setting the light current threshold range of the solar panel with vertical incidence of sunlight as L 1 -L 2 When the photocurrent output by the top photosensor of the topmost plane is maximum, and the photocurrent output by the surrounding photosensor sets is equal or within a set photocurrent threshold value range L of the solar panel with normal incidence of sunlight 1 -L 2 Internally, consider the sunLight is vertically incident on the solar panel, and then the tracking operation is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
1. the spherical structure of the photoelectric sensor can capture sunlight in the range of 360 degrees of the sensor height angle and azimuth angle, overcomes the defect of small visual angle range of the traditional photoelectric sensor, and ensures that the sensor can track and position the sun in all directions;
2. the coarse-fine two-stage tracking mode is adopted, so that errors caused by the influence of external environment in the tracking process are effectively reduced;
3. the sensor can adopt a photoresistor or a photocell as a photosensitive element, has lower cost and higher application value and application prospect;
4. the sensor only needs to compare the output voltages of the silicon photocells with different planes to determine the maximum illumination plane, and then calculates and outputs the altitude angle and the azimuth angle based on the sun under the spherical coordinate system through MATLAB, so that the algorithm is simple, and the control strategy is simple and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sphere-like photoelectric sensor for detecting the position of the sun according to the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a sphere-like housing of a sphere-like photoelectric sensor for solar position detection according to the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the coordinates of the maximum illumination surface of a sphere-like housing of a sphere-like photoelectric sensor for solar position detection based on a sphere coordinate system according to the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the coordinates of the maximum illuminated surface under Matlab of a sphere-like photosensor for solar position detection according to the present utility model;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of sensor installation in a coarse tracking mode of a sphere-like photoelectric sensor for solar position detection according to the present utility model.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the examples of the present utility model, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present utility model, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of protection of the present utility model is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the present embodiment provides a technical solution: a spheroid photoelectric sensor for detecting the sun position comprises a spheroid shell 1 and a plurality of photosensitive elements 2, wherein the exterior of the spheroid shell 1 is composed of a plurality of surfaces which are adjacent in sequence, the central position of each surface is embedded with one photosensitive element 2, the top surface of the spheroid shell 1 is provided with a top photosensitive element 3, and the periphery of the top photosensitive element 3 close to the top surface of the spheroid shell 1 is provided with a photosensitive element group 4.
The photosensor 2, the top photosensor 3 and the photosensor group 4 are all made of silicon photocells, photoresistors, photodiodes or phototriodes with the same area size and electrical characteristics.
The photosensitive elements 2 are uniformly embedded in the center positions of the surfaces of the outer side wall of the spheroid shell 1, and can be used as a power supply and a photoelectric sensor for detecting incident rays of the sun at 360 degrees without dead angles.
The spheroid shell 1 is a spheroid polyhedron. The spheroid shell 1 is a polyhedron similar to a sphere, the center of each plane of the outer side wall of the spheroid shell is provided with a photosensitive element 2, and because of included angles among planes, when sunlight irradiates on silicon photocells of different planes, voltages generated by the different planes have deviation, and the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun relative to the sensor can be calculated according to the angles.
The tracking method of the spheroid photoelectric sensor for detecting the sun position is realized based on two large modules of coarse tracking and fine tracking, wherein the spheroid photoelectric sensor a, d, b, c, e is arranged in five directions of the left upper part, the left lower part, the right upper part, the right lower part and the center of a solar panel by the coarse tracking module, and is used for ensuring that light rays vertically irradiate to the main axis of the solar panel during fine tracking, and the specific tracking method comprises the following steps of:
s1: setting the photocurrent threshold value output by the sensor when the sensor is not facing the incident direction of sunlight at all in cloudy days, night or at all as K, and outputting light from five sensors a, b, c, d, eCurrent I a 、I b 、I c 、I d 、I e When the sensor is smaller than the threshold value K, the sensor is in a cloudy day, at night or the sensor does not face the incident direction of sunlight at all, at the moment, according to the setting direction of the PLC, the sensor is adjusted to the direction of the sun in the air in the current ephemeris by driving the azimuth angle direction stepping motor and the altitude direction stepping motor, and if the sensor is at night, the sensor waits for sunrise towards the eastern;
s2: when one or more than one of the five sensors a, b, c, d, e outputs photocurrents greater than the output photocurrents of the sensors at the rest positions, the sunlight deviates from the main axis position of the solar panel, namely, the part outputting large current is directly irradiated by the sunlight, and the PLC sends out instructions for driving the azimuth angle direction stepping motor and the altitude angle direction stepping motor, so that a coarse tracking mode is started;
s3: first coarse-tuning azimuth angle, the sum of photocurrents output by the sensors a, d (I a +I d ) Sum of photocurrents output from the sensors b and c (I b +I c ) Alignment, when I a +I d >I b +I c When the solar panel is at the left side of the main axis of the solar panel, the azimuth angle stepping motor is driven by the PLC to rotate clockwise until I a +I d ＝I b +I c When the sun position is on the right side of the main axis of the solar panel, the rough tracking adjustment of the rough tracking module is completed in the same way;
it should be noted that, the fine tracking module establishes a spherical coordinate system through Matlab, and can directly output the maximum illumination plane coordinate.
S4: after the rough tracking is finished, the main axis of the solar panel is basically aligned with the sun, namely the sensor e is basically aligned with the sun at the moment, a fine tracking mode is started, and the PLC controls the sensor e to perform fine tracking operation;
s5: collecting current signals I output by each silicon photocell 1, 2, 3, 4 … … n in the sensor e 1 、I 2 、I 3 、I 4 ……I n Converts it into a voltage signal V 1 、V 2 、V 3 、V 4 ……V n ；
S6: determining a silicon photocell with the maximum output voltage by comparing the voltages output by all the silicon photocells, namely determining the light spot coordinates (ψ, θ) on the largest silicon photocell by Matlab corresponding to the position of the sun at the moment, and further driving the azimuth angle direction stepping motor to rotate in the horizontal direction to be ψ and the altitude direction stepping motor to rotate to be θ;
s7: setting the photo current threshold range L of a solar panel with vertical incidence of sunlight 1 -L 2 When the photocurrent output by the top photosensor 3 of the topmost plane is maximum, and the photocurrent output by the surrounding photosensor group 4 is equal or within the set photocurrent threshold value range L of the solar panel with normal incidence of sunlight 1 -L 2 And (3) considering that the sunlight vertically enters the solar panel, namely finishing the tracking operation.
While embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the utility model.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a spheroid type photoelectric sensor for sun position detects, its characterized in that includes spheroid shell (1) and a plurality of photosensitive element (2), spheroid shell (1) outside comprises a plurality of adjacent face in proper order, and the central point of every face puts and all inlays and establishes and installs a photosensitive element (2), and the top photosensitive element (3) are installed on the top plane of spheroid shell (1), lean on the top planar top photosensitive element (3) periphery of spheroid shell (1) to install photosensitive element group (4).
2. A spheroid photoelectric sensor for solar position detection according to claim 1, wherein: the photosensitive element (2), the top photosensitive element (3) and the photosensitive element group (4) are all made of silicon photocells, photoresistors, photodiodes or phototriodes with the same area size and electrical characteristics.
3. A spheroid photoelectric sensor for solar position detection according to claim 2, wherein: the spheroid shell (1) is a polyhedron of a spheroid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320712880.XU CN220380493U (en) | 2023-04-04 | 2023-04-04 | Spheroid photoelectric sensor for sun position detection |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320712880.XU CN220380493U (en) | 2023-04-04 | 2023-04-04 | Spheroid photoelectric sensor for sun position detection |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220380493U true CN220380493U (en) | 2024-01-23 |
Family
ID=89560956
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202320712880.XU Active CN220380493U (en) | 2023-04-04 | 2023-04-04 | Spheroid photoelectric sensor for sun position detection |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220380493U (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-04-04 CN CN202320712880.XU patent/CN220380493U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8247753B2 (en) | Solar tracking device and method for high-effective concentration photovoltaic | |
| CN101661295B (en) | Solar automatic tracking and positioning device | |
| US7910870B2 (en) | Solar tracker | |
| CN103455049B (en) | A kind of photovoltaic tracking automatic control system | |
| US9354294B2 (en) | Solar tracking system in real time including a light-resistant box with a loophole at a top surface being smaller than each convex lens in a conex lens plane array located within the light-resistant box | |
| CN201464033U (en) | Square pyramid shaped solar azimuth sensor | |
| CN101650173A (en) | Photoelectric sensor for position of sun | |
| KR100914273B1 (en) | Not Project Shadow And Sunray Tracing Solar Cell Module System | |
| KR101275244B1 (en) | Sun tracker driven integratedly for photovoltaic system | |
| KR101094730B1 (en) | Automatic sunlight tracker of 3 dimensional movement reflective mirror sunlighting device | |
| CN201464034U (en) | Cuboid sun orientation sensor | |
| CN103744437A (en) | Tracking method for automatic solar tracking system | |
| CN107317546A (en) | Device of solar generating | |
| WO2017187445A1 (en) | Sun position detector and method of sensing sun position | |
| CN105843264A (en) | Photoelectric induction tracking device for movement tracks of the sun | |
| CN105043537B (en) | The flat-top triangular pyramid sensor of family photovoltaic component tracks | |
| KR101652243B1 (en) | Solar sensor and solar tracker including the solar sensor | |
| CN201499107U (en) | Sunlight autotracking and positioning device | |
| CN103914085A (en) | Device and method for achieving sunlight tracking through bar shadow image | |
| CN201408367Y (en) | Sun-following tracking probe | |
| KR20140017048A (en) | Sunlight tracking sensor having four partition system | |
| KR20130092020A (en) | Control mehtod for solar photovaltaic generating system improving generation efficiency | |
| CN104503475A (en) | Sensor applicable to automatic solar energy tracking device | |
| CN220380493U (en) | Spheroid photoelectric sensor for sun position detection | |
| TWI554859B (en) | Sun tracking device and solar cell system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |