CN220344863U

CN220344863U - Closed-loop control system

Info

Publication number: CN220344863U
Application number: CN202320993680.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 崔悦
Original assignee: Peking University
Current assignee: Peking University
Priority date: 2023-04-27
Filing date: 2023-04-27
Publication date: 2024-01-16
Anticipated expiration: 2033-04-27

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a closed-loop control system, which belongs to the technical field of biochemical medicines and comprises an ultrasonic pump, a sensor and a signal conversion module; the ultrasonic pump comprises an upper shell and a lower shell, a film is arranged between the upper shell and the lower shell, a medicine storage cavity is formed between the film and the upper shell, a plurality of conical holes are formed in the film, the large diameter ends of the conical holes are close to the medicine storage cavity, a piezoelectric ring is arranged on one side of the film, which faces away from the medicine storage cavity, and a liquid outlet is formed in the lower shell; the sensor comprises a substrate, a microneedle array arranged on one side of the substrate, and a plurality of electrodes covered on the microneedle array and the substrate; the liquid outlet is connected with the substrate of the sensor, and the tip of the microneedle array faces to one side far away from the liquid outlet; the signal conversion module comprises a first conversion module, a control module and a second conversion module. By the embodiment of the application, the closed-loop control system is provided, and the switch of the ultrasonic pump can be controlled according to the blood sugar concentration of a patient.

Description

Closed-loop control system

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of biochemical medicines, in particular to a closed-loop control system.

Background

Diabetes is a metabolic abnormality-based disease caused by insufficient secretion of insulin, a hormone, by the pancreas. Diabetes patients can inject insulin into the body as one of the positive therapeutic methods. Insulin can be appropriately injected into the body according to a change in blood glucose of a patient by using an insulin injection device.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application aims at providing a closed-loop control system which aims at measuring the blood glucose concentration of a patient by using a biosensor and controlling the switch of an ultrasonic pump according to the signal of the biosensor.

The embodiment of the application provides a closed-loop control system, which comprises:

the ultrasonic pump, the sensor and the signal conversion module;

the ultrasonic pump comprises an upper shell and a lower shell, a film is arranged between the upper shell and the lower shell, a medicine storage cavity is formed between the film and the upper shell, a plurality of conical holes are formed in the film, the large-diameter ends of the conical holes are close to the medicine storage cavity, a piezoelectric ring is arranged on one side, facing away from the medicine storage cavity, of the film, and a liquid outlet is formed in the lower shell;

the sensor comprises a substrate, a microneedle array arranged on one side of the substrate, and a plurality of electrodes covering the microneedle array and the substrate, wherein the plurality of electrodes comprise an electrochemical sensor electrode and a reverse iontophoresis electrode;

the liquid outlet is connected with the substrate of the sensor, and the tip of the microneedle array faces to one side far away from the liquid outlet;

the signal conversion module comprises a first conversion module, a control module and a second conversion module;

the input end of the first conversion module is connected with the output end of the sensor, the output end of the first conversion module is connected with the input end of the control module, and the first conversion module is used for receiving and converting the electric signal output by the sensor;

the control module is used for receiving the electric signal converted by the first conversion module and sending a command to the second conversion module according to the electric signal;

the input end of the second conversion module is connected with the output end of the control module, the output end of the second conversion module is connected with the input end of the ultrasonic pump, and the second conversion module is used for receiving and converting the command output by the control module and transmitting the converted command signal to the ultrasonic pump so as to control the opening or closing of the ultrasonic pump.

Optionally, the first conversion module is a first signal converter;

the control module is a microcontroller;

the second conversion module is a second signal converter.

Optionally, the microneedle array comprises a plurality of microneedle bodies having a length of greater than or equal to 100 μm and less than or equal to 1000 μm.

Optionally, the microneedle array is a hollow microneedle array.

Optionally, the plurality of electrodes comprises an electrochemical sensor electrode comprising a working electrode and a counter electrode, or comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and a reverse iontophoresis electrode comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and the working electrode of the electrochemical sensor electrode and the negative electrode of the reverse iontophoresis electrode form an interdigital electrode;

glucose oxidase is fixed on the working electrode of the electrochemical sensor electrode;

the counter electrode of the electrochemical sensor electrode and the positive electrode of the reverse iontophoresis electrode are positioned at one side or two sides of the interdigital electrode;

the electrochemical sensor is used for detecting glucose in tissue fluid and generating an electric signal, and the reverse iontophoresis electrode is used for generating reverse iontophoresis action so as to attract the glucose in the deep layer of the skin to the upper part of the dermis layer where the needle points of the micro needle body are positioned.

Optionally, the material of the working electrode comprises gold, platinum, carbon, or a gold composite, a platinum composite, or a carbon composite;

the reference electrode material comprises silver/silver chloride;

the material of the counter electrode comprises gold, platinum, carbon or gold composite material, platinum composite material, carbon composite material or silver/silver chloride;

the material of the reverse iontophoresis electrode comprises silver/silver chloride, a silica gel material, a conductive polymer, graphene or gold.

Optionally, the material of the film includes at least one of: stainless steel, gold, copper, zinc, platinum, silver, tungsten, aluminum alloys, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polyacrylate rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, fluororubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, thermoplastic styrene-based elastomer, polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, halogen-containing thermoplastic elastomer, ionic thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene copolymer thermoplastic elastomer, 1,2 polybutadiene thermoplastic elastomer, trans-polyisoprene thermoplastic elastomer, melt-processed thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic vulcanizate, polydimethylsiloxane.

Optionally, the piezoelectric ring is made of a piezoelectric crystal, a piezoelectric ceramic, or a piezoelectric polymer.

The beneficial effects are that:

the application provides a closed-loop control system, which is characterized in that an ultrasonic pump, a sensor and a control module are arranged, a liquid outlet of the ultrasonic pump is connected with a substrate of the sensor, an input end of the control module is connected with an output end of the sensor, and an output end of the control module is connected with an input end of the ultrasonic pump; the sensor can be used for detecting the glucose concentration of subcutaneous tissue fluid of a patient, and the glucose concentration of tissue fluid has strong correlation with the blood glucose concentration, so that the signal output by the sensor can reflect the magnitude of the blood glucose concentration; meanwhile, the sensor can output signals to the control module, and the control module further controls the on or off of the ultrasonic pump according to the electric signals output by the sensor, so that the ultrasonic pump can perform insulin injection in real time according to the blood sugar concentration of a patient.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a closed loop control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic pump in a closed-loop control system according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensor in a closed loop control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sensor in a closed-loop control system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sensor including a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode in a closed loop control system according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a signal conversion module in a closed-loop control system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals illustrate: 1. an ultrasonic pump; 11. an upper housing; 111. a liquid inlet; 112. a rubber stopper; 12. a lower housing; 121. a liquid outlet; 13. a first seal ring; 14. a film; 15. a piezoelectric ring; 16. a second seal ring; 17. a drug storage chamber; 18. a tapered bore; 2. a sensor; 21. a substrate; 22. a microneedle array; 221. a microneedle body; 23. an electrode; 231. an electrochemical sensor electrode; 2311. a working electrode; 2312. a counter electrode; 2313. a reference electrode; 232. a reverse iontophoresis electrode; 2321. a positive electrode; 2322. a negative electrode; 3. a signal conversion module; 31. a first conversion module; 32. a control module; 33. and a second conversion module.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.

In the related art, an ultrasonic pump is an emerging device for injecting insulin, and when the ultrasonic pump is used as an insulin pump for quantitatively injecting insulin into a patient, the switch of the ultrasonic pump needs to be controlled according to the blood glucose concentration in the patient. However, there is currently no more sophisticated solution for controlling the ultrasound pump.

In view of this, the embodiment of the application proposes a closed-loop control system, by setting an ultrasonic pump, a sensor and a control module, and connecting a liquid outlet of the ultrasonic pump with a substrate of the sensor, connecting an input end of the control module with an output end of the sensor, and connecting an output end of the control module with an input end of the ultrasonic pump; the sensor can be used for detecting the glucose concentration of subcutaneous tissue fluid of a patient, and the glucose concentration of tissue fluid has strong correlation with the blood glucose concentration, so that the signal output by the sensor can reflect the magnitude of the blood glucose concentration; meanwhile, the sensor can output signals to the control module, and the control module further controls the on or off of the ultrasonic pump according to the electric signals output by the sensor, so that the ultrasonic pump can perform insulin injection in real time according to the blood sugar concentration of a patient.

Referring to fig. 1, a closed-loop control system disclosed in an embodiment of the present application includes an ultrasonic pump 1, a sensor 2, and a signal conversion module 3.

Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the ultrasonic pump 1 includes an upper housing 11 and a lower housing 12, and a first seal ring 13, a membrane 14, a piezoelectric ring 15, and a second seal ring 16 are sequentially disposed between the upper housing 11 and the lower housing 12 from top to bottom.

The film 14 is made of metal, rubber or elastomer, specifically, stainless steel, gold, copper, zinc, platinum, silver, tungsten, aluminum alloy, natural rubber, isoprene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, polyacrylate rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, fluororubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, thermoplastic styrene elastomer, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, polyester thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, halogen-containing thermoplastic elastomer, ionic thermoplastic elastomer, ethylene copolymer thermoplastic elastomer, 1,2 polybutadiene thermoplastic elastomer, trans-polyisoprene thermoplastic elastomer, melt-processed thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic vulcanized rubber, polydimethylsiloxane, and the film 14 can be made of hard materials, and flexible materials are also preferred in the embodiment, so that the film 14 has certain flexibility and can be stretched and bent well.

Referring to fig. 2, the membrane 14 is provided with a plurality of tapered holes 18, wherein the large diameter end of the tapered hole 18 is located at one side of the upper housing 11, and the small diameter end is located at one side of the lower housing 12. In practice, the diameter of the large diameter end of the tapered bore 18 is larger than the molecular diameter of insulin, and the diameter of the small diameter end of the tapered bore 18 is smaller than the molecular diameter of insulin, so that insulin can enter the tapered bore 18 but cannot automatically flow out. The conical hole 18 can be formed by laser etching or ion selective etching, and is convenient to form, high in aperture precision, smooth in inner surface of the hole and convenient for insulin to flow in the hole.

Referring to fig. 2, the region between the membrane 14 and the upper housing 11 forms a drug storage chamber 17, and the drug storage chamber 17 is used for storing the drug to be injected, in this embodiment, the drug stored in the drug storage chamber 17 is insulin injection, and the concentration of the insulin injection is 1-1000U/ml, so that the insulin injection is used for the diabetic patient to supplement injection insulin.

Referring to fig. 2, a piezoelectric ring 15 is disposed on a side of the film 14 facing away from the drug storage cavity 17, the piezoelectric ring 15 is made of a piezoelectric material such as a piezoelectric crystal, a piezoelectric ceramic or a piezoelectric polymer, edges on two opposite sides of the film 14 and the piezoelectric ring 15 are respectively connected with an external ac power supply through wires, the voltage of the external ac power supply is 10V-100V, and the external ac power supply can also be externally connected with 1-10V direct current and converted into 10V-100V alternating current through a circuit.

The piezoelectric ring 15 can generate radial vibration after being connected with alternating current, so that the film 14 is driven to vibrate, the film 14 can repeatedly extend and bend during vibration, the conical hole 18 is stretched, the aperture is changed, namely the large diameter end and the small diameter end of the conical hole 18 are repeatedly changed, the large diameter end is smaller, the small diameter end is larger, and therefore medicine stored in the medicine storage cavity 17 is extruded downwards from the conical hole 18, and finally the medicine flows out from the liquid outlet 121, so that the effect of vibration medicine feeding is realized; in addition, the piezoelectric ring 15 generates ultrasonic waves while generating radial vibration after being connected with alternating current, and the generated ultrasonic waves can promote the human body to absorb insulin.

Referring to fig. 2, a first seal ring 15 and a second seal ring 16 are provided between the membrane 14 and the upper case 11, and between the piezoelectric ring 15 and the lower case 12, respectively. The first sealing ring 15 and the second sealing ring 16 are O-shaped sealing rings, and rubber, silica gel and the like can be selected as materials of the first sealing ring 15 and the second sealing ring 16. The sealing ring is used for enabling the connection between the parts to be tighter, the sealing performance is strong, and the condition of drug leakage can not occur.

Referring to fig. 2, the upper housing 11 is further provided with a liquid inlet 111, the liquid inlet 111 is provided with a rubber stopper 112, the liquid inlet 11 is tightly plugged by the rubber stopper 112 to prevent impurities from entering the insulin storage cavity to pollute insulin, and after the insulin in the insulin storage cavity is used up, the rubber stopper 112 can be opened to inject new insulin into the insulin storage cavity through the liquid inlet 111, so that the insulin storage cavity can be continuously used for multiple times.

Referring to fig. 3, the sensor 2 includes a substrate 21, a microneedle array 22 disposed on one side of the substrate 21, and a plurality of electrodes 23 covering the microneedle array 22 and the substrate 21.

Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 are integrally formed, that is, the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 are manufactured together by the same method or by the same step. The microneedle array 22 includes a plurality of microneedles 221, the microneedles 221 are cones or pyramids having a certain length, and the interior of the microneedles 221 is hollow with both ends penetrating so that insulin solution can be injected into a patient through the microneedles 221.

The length of the microneedle 221 is greater than or equal to 100 μm and less than or equal to 1000 μm; illustratively, the microneedle 221 may have a length of 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, 500 μm, 600 μm, 700 μm, 800 μm, 900 μm, 1000 μm, and so forth. In using the diabetes sensor, the microneedle array 22 needs to be pierced into the patient, so that the shorter length of the microneedle body 221 can reduce the pain feeling to the patient.

In the embodiment of the present application, the materials of the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 may be selected from a polymer material, a biodegradable material, or a biocompatible material. Illustratively, when the materials of the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 are polymer materials, the materials of the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 may be Si; when the materials of the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 are biodegradable materials, the materials of the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 may be chitosan or polylactic acid; when the materials of the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 are biocompatible materials, the materials of the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 may be thermoplastic polyurethane, etc. Since the microneedle array 22 may be broken after penetrating into the patient, the use of the above materials can prevent damage to the human body caused by the broken microneedle 221 remaining in the patient.

Further, referring to fig. 1, the substrate 21 is connected to the liquid outlet 121, and the tips of the microneedle array 22 face toward the side facing away from the liquid outlet 121.

Specifically, when the closed-loop control system is used, insulin liquid is located in the medicine storage cavity 17, after the piezoelectric ring 15 of the ultrasonic pump 1 is electrified, the piezoelectric ring 15 can generate radial vibration, so that the membrane 14 is driven to vibrate, the membrane 14 can repeatedly extend and bend during vibration, the conical hole 18 stretches, the aperture changes, namely, the large diameter end and the small diameter end of the conical hole 18 repeatedly change, the large diameter end is smaller, and the small diameter end is larger, so that insulin liquid stored in the medicine storage cavity 17 is extruded downwards from the conical hole 18, medicine finally flows out from the liquid outlet 121, and then the insulin liquid is injected into a patient through the hollow microneedle 221 on the substrate 21, so that insulin injection is realized.

Referring to fig. 3 and 5, the plurality of electrodes 23 may include an electrochemical sensor electrode 231 and a reverse iontophoresis electrode 232, wherein the electrochemical sensor electrode 231 includes a working electrode 2311 and a counter electrode 2323; or working electrode 2311, reference electrode 2313 and counter electrode 2323; the reverse iontophoresis electrode 232 includes a positive electrode 2321 and a negative electrode 2322.

Specifically, the working electrode 2311 is immobilized with glucose oxidase, and when the working electrode 2311 contacts with the tissue fluid in the patient, the glucose oxidase can react with glucose contained in the tissue fluid of the patient, and a product is generated by the glucose oxidase reaction, and the product can undergo oxidation or reduction reaction on the working electrode 2311 to generate a change of an electric signal. The material of working electrode 2311 may be carbon paste, gold, platinum, carbon composite, gold composite, platinum composite, or silver/silver chloride.

In one embodiment, the working electrode 2311 may also be coated with a liquid biocompatible polymer and the liquid biocompatible polymer may be heat dried to form a biocompatible polymer layer. The material of the biocompatible polymer layer can be perfluorosulfonic acid, and the biocompatible polymer layer can avoid damage to human body caused by Prussian blue layer contained in the working electrode.

Further, referring to fig. 3 and 5, when the electrochemical sensor electrode 231 includes only the working electrode 2311 and the counter electrode 2323, the counter electrode 2323 simultaneously serves as a connection circuit and stabilizes the voltage in the electrochemical sensor electrode 231, and the counter electrode 2331 may be made of silver/silver chloride; as shown in fig. 4, the electrochemical sensor electrode 231 may also include a working electrode 2311, a reference electrode 2313 and a counter electrode 2323, where the reference electrode 2313 plays a role in stabilizing a voltage in the electrochemical sensor electrode 231 and the counter electrode 2323 plays a role in communicating a circuit in the electrochemical sensor electrode 231; the material of the counter electrode 2323 may be gold, platinum, carbon, or a gold composite, a platinum composite, a carbon composite, or silver/silver chloride; the material of the reference electrode 2313 may be silver/silver chloride.

Referring to fig. 3, a reverse iontophoresis electrode 232 is disposed at one side of the working electrode 231, and the reverse iontophoresis electrode 232 may include a negative electrode 2321 and a positive electrode 2322, and the negative electrode 2321 and the working electrode 2311 form an interdigital electrode 13. Meanwhile, the counter electrode 2323 of the electrochemical sensor electrode 23 and the positive electrode 2322 of the reverse iontophoresis electrode 232 may be located at one side or both sides of the interdigital electrode.

Materials for the reverse iontophoresis electrode 122 include silver/silver chloride, silicone materials, conductive polymers, graphene, gold. Wherein the materials of the negative electrode 1221 and the positive electrode 1222 of the reverse iontophoresis electrode 122 may be the same material or different materials. For example, the negative electrode 1221 and the positive electrode 1222 of the reverse iontophoresis electrode 122 may both be silver/silver chloride materials.

Further, the input end of the control module 3 is connected with the output end of the sensor 2, and the output end is connected with the input end of the electrochemical micropump 1. Therefore, the control module 3 can receive the electrical signal output by the sensor 2, and the hollow micro needle 221 on the sensor 2 enters the patient and contacts with the subcutaneous tissue fluid of the patient, so that the glucose concentration of the subcutaneous tissue fluid of the patient can be detected, and meanwhile, the glucose concentration of the tissue fluid has strong correlation with the blood glucose concentration, so that the electrical signal output by the sensor 2 can reflect the magnitude of the blood glucose concentration. For example, the sensor 2 may detect a current at a constant voltage, and the magnitude of the current signal is proportional to the magnitude of the glucose concentration.

The control module 3 may then control the opening or closing of the electrochemical micropump 1, i.e. the electrochemical micropump 1 is powered on or not, according to the electrical signal. For example, a preset value may be set in the control module 3, and if the value of the electrical signal is greater than or equal to the preset value, the electrochemical micropump 1 is powered, and if the value of the electrical signal is less than the preset value, the electrochemical micropump 1 is not powered.

Thus, the electrochemical micropump 1 can be controlled according to the blood glucose concentration of the patient in real time.

Further, the substrate 21 and the microneedle array 22 of the sensor 2 may be manufactured by using a mold having a microneedle array shape. In a specific fabrication, the substrate 21 may be formed by casting a liquid polymer material onto the mold having the shape of the microneedle array 22 and demolding after drying. Wherein, the liquid polymer material can be biodegradable material such as chitosan, polylactic acid, silk fibroin; biocompatible materials such as thermoplastic polyurethane may also be used; when the biodegradable material is adopted, the microneedle sensor 2 has degradability and can be naturally decomposed after being used; the biocompatible material is adopted, so that the microneedle sensor 2 has stronger biocompatibility, and damage to a human body can be avoided during use.

In an alternative embodiment, the substrate of the sensor 2 and the microneedle array 22 may also be manufactured by 3D printing, and specifically, the material of the sensor 2 may be selected from epoxy, ceramic, metal, biocompatible material, biodegradable material, and the like.

Further, referring to fig. 7, the signal conversion module 3 includes a first conversion module 31, a control module 32, and a second conversion module 33. Specifically, the input end of the first conversion module 31 is connected to the output end of the sensor 2, the output end of the first conversion module 31 is connected to the input end of the control module 32, the input end of the second conversion module 33 is connected to the output end of the control module 32, and the output end of the second conversion module 33 is connected to the input end of the ultrasonic pump 1.

When the closed-loop control system of the ultrasonic pump is used, one end of the sensor 2 enters the patient and contacts subcutaneous tissue fluid of the patient so as to detect the glucose concentration of the subcutaneous tissue fluid of the patient, and the glucose concentration of the tissue fluid has strong correlation with the blood glucose concentration, so that the signal output by the sensor 2 can reflect the magnitude of the blood glucose concentration;

specifically, the sensor 2 can detect a current at a constant voltage, and the magnitude of the current signal is proportional to the magnitude of the glucose concentration. The first conversion module 31, in addition to detecting the current signal, also provides the sensor 2 with a constant voltage, which may be a different voltage such as 0.1V, -0.1V, or 0.6V.

And the sensor 2 is arranged at one end outside the patient, and is sequentially provided with the signal conversion module 3 and the ultrasonic pump 1, and the ultrasonic pump 1 is clung to the skin of the patient so as to realize insulin injection for the patient. Also, with the sensor 2 having the tubular body 21, it is possible to go deep into the dermis or fat layer of the patient, so that the effect of injecting insulin is more remarkable for injecting insulin into the fat layer.

Specifically, the second switching module 33 may provide a constant voltage to drive the ultrasonic pump and control the injection amount of insulin by controlling the magnitude and duration of the voltage, which may be 0.1 to 20V.

Thus, after the sensor 2 detects the glucose concentration and generates an electrical signal, the first conversion module 31 of the signal conversion module 3 receives and converts the electrical signal, and then sends the converted electrical signal to the control module 32, after the control module 32 receives the electrical signal converted by the first conversion module 31, different command information can be generated according to different electrical signals, for example, the control module 32 can generate an on command or an off command, and meanwhile, the control module 32 sends the generated command to the second conversion module 33, and the second conversion module 33 converts the received command into a corresponding signal and controls the on or off of the ultrasonic pump 1 according to the signal, so that the control of the ultrasonic pump 1 according to the real-time blood glucose concentration of the patient is realized.

In a possible embodiment, the first conversion module 31 is a first signal converter, the control module 32 is a microcontroller, and the second conversion module 33 is a second signal converter.

Specifically, the person skilled in the art can use the devices in the related art as the first signal converter and the second signal converter, and only the control module 32 is required to achieve the effect of controlling the on or off of the ultrasonic pump 1, so this embodiment is not specifically limited, and the specific contents of the related art are not described again.

In one possible implementation, the closed-loop control system further includes a cloud server, and the control module 32 is electrically connected to the cloud server;

the cloud server is configured to receive and store information sent by the control module 32, and the information sent by the control module 32 may include a blood glucose concentration in the patient.

In one possible implementation, the closed-loop control system further includes a display module, the display module is electrically connected to the control module, and the display module may be further connected to the cloud server.

The display module is configured to receive and display the information sent by the control module 32. The display module may be a computer, display, tablet, etc. as a specific application.

It should be noted that, in the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described as different from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to be referred to each other.

It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, but do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second" may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions, or order, and without necessarily being construed as indicating or implying any relative importance. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal device comprising the element.

The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the more detailed description of the present application, and the detailed description of the principles and embodiments herein may be better understood as being a limitation on the present application. Also, various modifications in the details and application scope may be made by those skilled in the art in light of this disclosure, and all such modifications and variations are not required to be exhaustive or are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure.

Claims

1. A closed loop control system, comprising:

the ultrasonic pump, the sensor and the signal conversion module;

2. The closed loop control system of claim 1, wherein:

the first conversion module is a first signal converter;

the control module is a microcontroller;

the second conversion module is a second signal converter.

3. The closed loop control system of claim 1, wherein:

the microneedle array includes a plurality of microneedle bodies having a length of greater than or equal to 100 μm and less than or equal to 1000 μm.

4. The closed loop control system of claim 1, wherein:

the microneedle array is a hollow microneedle array.

5. The closed loop control system of claim 1, wherein:

the electrochemical sensor electrode comprises a working electrode and a counter electrode, or comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and the reverse iontophoresis electrode comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and the working electrode of the electrochemical sensor electrode and the negative electrode of the reverse iontophoresis electrode form an interdigital electrode;

6. The closed loop control system of claim 5, wherein:

the material of the working electrode comprises gold, platinum, carbon or a gold composite material, a platinum composite material or a carbon composite material;

the reference electrode material comprises silver/silver chloride;

7. The closed loop control system of claim 1, wherein:

the piezoelectric ring is made of piezoelectric crystals, piezoelectric ceramics or piezoelectric polymers.