CN220324528U - Battery pack for electric vehicle and electric vehicle - Google Patents
Battery pack for electric vehicle and electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN220324528U CN220324528U CN202321216011.4U CN202321216011U CN220324528U CN 220324528 U CN220324528 U CN 220324528U CN 202321216011 U CN202321216011 U CN 202321216011U CN 220324528 U CN220324528 U CN 220324528U
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- thermal runaway
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Abstract
The utility model provides a battery pack for an electric vehicle and the electric vehicle, and mainly solves the problem that the existing electric vehicle battery has potential safety hazards. The battery pack for the electric vehicle comprises a box body, a battery module and a thermal runaway processing unit, wherein the battery module is arranged in the box body, the thermal runaway processing unit is used for controllably igniting thermal runaway smoke generated by the battery module, so that potential safety hazards caused by aggregation of the thermal runaway smoke in the box body of the battery pack are avoided, and meanwhile, the potential safety hazards caused by uncontrollable discharge of the thermal runaway smoke outside the battery pack are also avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of energy storage batteries, and particularly relates to a battery pack for an electric vehicle and the electric vehicle.
Background
The electric vehicle is an environment-friendly travel tool. Among them, the battery pack is an important component of the electric vehicle. In order to realize the driving function of the electric vehicle, the voltage of the battery pack needs to be not lower than 48V, and the rated voltage of the single batteries is generally between 3V and 4V, so that the number of the single batteries in the battery pack is large. Meanwhile, in order to pursue higher energy density, a plurality of single batteries are closely arranged in the box body of the battery pack, and the high-density arrangement ensures that the safety and the thermal stability of the battery pack are poor, so that certain potential safety hazards are brought to the safe use of the battery pack.
Chinese patent CN218827576U discloses an electric motor car battery case, and this electric motor car battery case includes shell body and interior casing, forms the cavity between shell body and the interior casing, is provided with the coolant in the cavity, and the battery charge-discharge produces some heat can be cooled down by the coolant in the cavity, and simultaneously, the multi-sided inner wall of interior casing is provided with fire-retardant layer respectively, can strengthen the safety that the battery used in the battery case by fire-retardant layer, enlarges disaster range when avoiding battery short circuit burning.
Above electric vehicle battery carries out safety protection to electric vehicle battery through coolant liquid and fire-retardant layer, however, above setting is the production of earlier prevention electric vehicle battery thermal runaway, when electric vehicle battery takes place thermal runaway, above setting then can't handle the thermal runaway flue gas that thermal runaway battery produced, and at this moment, thermal runaway flue gas gathers in battery case, exists the risk of explosion, therefore, this electric vehicle battery still exists the potential safety hazard. In addition, the arrangement of the cooling liquid not only makes the structure of the electric vehicle battery more complicated, but also causes the risk of leakage in the shell body of the cooling liquid, and the battery is easy to damage.
In the prior art, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by thermal runaway in the battery shell is directly discharged out of the battery shell, but the thermal runaway flue gas directly discharged out of the battery shell is uncontrollable, so that explosion is easy to cause, potential safety hazard is generated, and meanwhile, the environment is polluted.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a battery pack for an electric vehicle and the electric vehicle, aiming at solving the problem that the existing battery for the electric vehicle has potential safety hazard.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
the battery pack for the electric vehicle comprises a box body and a battery module, wherein the battery module is arranged in the box body, and is characterized by further comprising a thermal runaway processing unit for controllably igniting thermal runaway smoke. The thermal runaway treatment unit is used for treating thermal runaway smoke generated when any single battery in the battery module is subjected to thermal runaway, so that potential safety hazards caused by aggregation of the thermal runaway smoke in the box body of the battery pack are avoided, and meanwhile, potential safety hazards caused by uncontrollable discharge of the thermal runaway smoke outside the battery pack are also avoided.
Further, the thermal runaway processing unit is arranged on the box body, and at the moment, the explosion venting opening is arranged on the box body; the thermal runaway processing unit includes an ignition device including a combustion housing and an igniter; the inner cavity of the combustion shell is communicated with the explosion venting port, and a first through hole for communicating with the external environment is formed in the side wall of the combustion shell; the igniter is arranged in the combustion shell and is used for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas in the combustion shell. According to the utility model, the igniter is arranged in the combustion shell, the open flame generated by burning the thermal runaway flue gas is isolated in the cavity of the combustion shell, so that the flame generated by ignition is ensured not to affect the battery module in the box, meanwhile, the risk of leakage of the burning open flame during ignition is avoided, and the safety of the whole battery pack is improved.
Further, at least one of the explosion venting opening and the first through hole is provided with a fire-resisting net. The flame-retardant net in the explosion venting port avoids more thermal runaway smoke in the combustion shell, and flame flows back into the box body when combustion flame is larger, so that the influence on the battery module in the box body is avoided; the fire-blocking net in the first through hole avoids the leakage generated when the burning flame in the burning shell is great in fire, and has a certain influence on the electric vehicle or the charging cabinet.
Further, still including setting up the honeycomb duct in the burning casing, honeycomb duct one end and let out the explosion vent intercommunication, the other end sets up to spacious, and the some firearm sets up in the uncovered end of honeycomb duct, and this honeycomb duct is concentrated the thermal runaway flue gas in with the box and is drawn forth, and then fully ignites it at the uncovered end of honeycomb duct, avoids thermal runaway flue gas to leak through first through-hole when dispersing in the burning casing.
Further, the combustion casing and the box body can be of an integrated structure or a split structure, and in the utility model, the combustion casing and the box body are of an integrated structure, and the integrated structure is convenient for the installation of the whole battery pack and the modularization of the battery pack. Specifically, the combustion shell and the box body are integrally formed and are provided with at least one open-ended cylinder body, the open end of the cylinder body is sealed through a cover plate, a partition plate is arranged in a cavity of the cylinder body, a combustion cavity and a battery compartment are formed, an igniter is arranged in the combustion cavity, and a battery module is arranged in the battery compartment.
Further, be provided with the insulating layer on the lateral wall of burning casing, the insulating layer avoids the heat that thermal runaway flue gas burning produced to leak outward through the lateral wall of burning casing to move and the cabinet that charges to the battery produces the damage.
Further, the igniters are pulse igniters, the number of the igniters is a plurality of the igniters, and the igniters are started through triggers arranged on the combustion shell or the box body.
Further, the thermal runaway treatment unit further comprises an adsorption device, and the adsorption device is arranged in the box body or the combustion shell and is used for carrying out adsorption treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas before ignition treatment. The adsorption device is added, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can be adsorbed before ignition, the use number and the use times of the subsequent ignition device can be reduced, and meanwhile, the open fire generated by ignition can be reduced.
Further, considering the service life and safety of the adsorption device, the adsorption device is optimally arranged in the box body, and meanwhile, the adsorption device comprises an adsorption shell and an adsorption medium arranged in the adsorption shell; the adsorption shell is arranged in the box body, the inlet of the adsorption shell is communicated with the box body, and the outlet of the adsorption shell is communicated with the explosion venting port so as to promote the adsorption effect of the adsorption device as much as possible.
Further, in order to increase the adsorption effect, before the thermal runaway flue gas ignites, the thermal runaway flue gas can be further subjected to pressure holding setting, and at the moment, a explosion venting membrane is arranged in the explosion venting port or at the outlet of the adsorption device.
The utility model further provides an electric vehicle, which comprises the battery pack, wherein the battery pack is used for supplying power to an electric device of the electric vehicle.
Further, the battery pack is arranged below the pedal of the electric vehicle, so that the safety of the ignition device during ignition is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model has the following advantages:
1. the battery pack for the electric vehicle is integrated with the thermal runaway processing unit, when any single battery in the battery module generates thermal runaway, the thermal runaway processing unit can process the thermal runaway smoke, so that the risk of explosion caused by aggregation of the thermal runaway smoke in the box body of the battery pack is avoided, and meanwhile, the thermal runaway processing unit also avoids potential safety hazards caused by uncontrollable discharge of the thermal runaway smoke outside the battery pack.
2. According to the utility model, the igniter is arranged in the combustion shell, the open flame generated by burning the thermal runaway flue gas is isolated in the cavity of the combustion shell, so that the flame generated by ignition is ensured not to affect the battery module in the box, meanwhile, the risk of leakage of the burning open flame during ignition is avoided, and the safety of the whole battery pack is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the utility model.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a view showing the external appearance of a battery pack according to embodiment 1 of the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack for an electric vehicle in embodiment 1 of the present utility model;
fig. 3 is an explosion schematic diagram of a battery pack for an electric vehicle in embodiment 1 of the present utility model;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack for an electric vehicle in embodiment 2 of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the adsorption device in embodiment 2 of the present utility model;
fig. 6 is a perspective view of a battery pack for an electric vehicle in embodiment 2 of the present utility model;
fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the installation of the battery pack in the electric vehicle in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 of the present utility model.
Reference numerals: 100-battery pack, 200-vehicle body, 1-box, 2-battery module, 3-ignition device, 4-adsorption device, 11-cylinder, 12-baffle, 13-explosion venting port, 21-single battery, 22-battery management device, 23-plug terminal, 31-combustion shell, 32-igniter, 33-second through hole, 34-first through hole, 35-fire-blocking net, 36-flow guide pipe, 37-cover plate, 38-trigger, 41-adsorption shell, 42-inlet and 43-outlet.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of the present utility model can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the utility model, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the utility model.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present utility model, but the present utility model may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The appearances of the phrase "in other embodiments" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Also in the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by "top, bottom, inner and outer", etc. in terms are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" to "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The battery pack provided by the utility model is mainly applied to electric vehicles, and the electric vehicles mainly comprise two-wheel electric vehicles, three-wheel electric vehicles, four-wheel electric vehicles and the like. The battery pack is mounted on a vehicle body of the electric vehicle and is electrically connected with an electric device, and mainly provides electric energy for the electric device of the electric vehicle, wherein the electric device of the electric vehicle comprises, but is not limited to, an instrument, a vehicle lamp, a loudspeaker, a driving motor and the like.
In the case of overcharge, overdischarge, and mechanical collision, the battery is liable to generate thermal runaway, and thus, the present utility model provides a thermal runaway treatment unit for treating thermal runaway fumes generated by the battery Bao Re, improving the safety of the battery pack, and the structure and installation of the thermal runaway treatment unit will be described in detail below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the battery pack provided by the present embodiment includes a battery module 2, a case 1, and a thermal runaway processing unit; wherein, the battery module 2 is a power supply main body of the battery pack and is arranged in the box body 1. The case 1 protects the battery module 2 from external damage such as impact, vibration, drop and the like in the external environment. Meanwhile, the side wall of the box body 1 is provided with an explosion venting port 13 connected with a thermal runaway processing unit, and the thermal runaway processing unit processes thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway processing unit when the battery module 2 is in thermal runaway, so that the use safety of the whole battery pack is improved.
In this embodiment, the battery module 2 includes a battery management device 22, a connector terminal 23, and a plurality of unit batteries 21, where the plurality of unit batteries 21 are connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel to meet different capacity requirements, and the unit batteries 21 may be existing unit cylindrical batteries, square-shell batteries, or soft-pack batteries. The temperature detection module of the battery management device 22 is electrically connected to at least a portion of the unit batteries 21 for monitoring and managing the temperature of the battery module 2. The voltage detection module and the current detection module of the battery management device 22 are connected with all the single batteries 21, so that the state of the battery module 2 is better monitored and managed. During specific installation, the battery management device 22 can be arranged in the box body 1, can also be arranged outside the box body 1, is more convenient and reliable to connect with the battery module 2 when arranged in the box body 1, and is convenient to maintain and replace in the later period when arranged outside the box body 1. To ensure the reliability of use, the battery management device 22 is installed in the case 1, and at this time, the battery management device 22 may be disposed on one or more layers of PCB boards, so that the space inside the case 1 is effectively utilized.
In this embodiment, the battery module 2 is electrically connected to an external circuit or an electric device through the plug-in terminal 23. As shown in fig. 1, the connector terminal 23 may be provided on the case 1 and exposed to the case 1 to facilitate charging and discharging. The plug terminal 23 may include a charging terminal for charging the battery module 2 and a discharging terminal for discharging the battery module 2 to the outside, and may also include a chargeable and dischargeable charging and discharging terminal. The plug-in terminal 23 may be fixedly connected to the case 1 so as not to be detachable from the case 1, or may be detachably connected to the case 1.
The battery module 2 in this embodiment is disposed in the case 1, the case 1 is a closed case, and the shape and size of the case can be designed into a shape that is convenient to place, such as a cylinder, a prism, etc., according to the application scenario of the battery module 2. In practical use, the box 1 is preferably rectangular in shape for convenient and reliable mounting on the body of the electric vehicle and convenient for detachable charging. In addition, can also set up location structure on the inner wall of above-mentioned box 1, be convenient for carry out location installation to battery module 2, also avoid battery module 2 taking place to rock by a wide margin in box 1 simultaneously. For example, a plurality of positioning grooves (i.e., positioning structures) corresponding to the unit batteries 21 one by one are provided in the case 1, and each unit battery 21 is mounted in the corresponding positioning groove.
The case 1 protects the battery module 2 and also protects external devices in the vicinity of the battery pack. In addition, in order to avoid the risk of short circuit between the battery module 2 and external devices in the case 1, the case 1 is generally made of an insulating material and a material with high rigidity. Meanwhile, a plurality of supporting ribs can be arranged on the inner side or the outer side of the box body 1, or a plurality of supporting ribs are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the box body, so that the overall strength of the box body 1 is enhanced. In addition, can also set up the handle on above-mentioned box 1, the handle is fixed on box 1, is convenient for take and transport this battery package.
In some embodiments, the case 1 further has a filling material therein, and the filling material is filled between the battery module 2 and the inner wall of the case 1. The filler may be a heat insulating material for preventing heat dissipation according to the use scene of the battery module 2; or, the filling material may be a flexible buffer material, so as to avoid the battery module 2 from shaking in the case 1 and colliding with the inner wall of the case 1, and the flexible buffer material may be made of soft materials with elasticity, such as foam or silica gel.
In order to meet the driving function of the electric vehicle, the single batteries of the battery module are tightly distributed, and the high-density distribution makes the safety and the thermal stability of the battery pack worse, so that certain potential safety hazards are brought to the safe use of the battery pack. Based on this, on the structure basis of above-mentioned battery package, still integrate thermal runaway processing unit on the battery package, this thermal runaway processing unit can handle thermal runaway flue gas, avoids thermal runaway flue gas to gather in the box of battery package, produces the risk of explosion, and simultaneously, this thermal runaway processing unit has also avoided the thermal runaway flue gas to discharge the uncontrollable potential safety hazard that arouses outside the battery package.
In the present embodiment, the thermal runaway processing unit is composed of the ignition device 3. As shown in fig. 2, the ignition device 3 specifically includes a combustion case 31 and an igniter 32 provided in the combustion case 31. The cavity of the combustion casing 31 is a combustion cavity, and at this time, it is required to ensure that the side wall of the combustion casing 31 has a certain thickness, so that open fire generated during combustion of thermal runaway flue gas can be isolated in the combustion casing 31. The igniter 32 is positioned in the combustion shell 31 and burns the combustible components in the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the risk of uncontrollable generation after the thermal runaway flue gas is directly discharged is avoided, and the pollution of the thermal runaway flue gas to the atmosphere is also avoided; in addition, the dangerous events such as explosion and fire are avoided due to the fact that the thermal runaway smoke is gathered in the battery pack.
The shape of the combustion casing 31 may be designed to be a shape that is convenient to place, for example, a cylinder, a prism, etc., according to the application scene of the battery module 2. In practical use, the shape of the combustion casing 31 is preferably rectangular, since it preferably matches the shape of the case 1. In addition, the combustion casing 31 and the case 1 may be of an integral structure or a split structure, and when of an integral structure, the design of the whole battery pack housing is facilitated, and the modularization of the battery pack is also facilitated. When split type structure, be convenient for improve current battery package, only need increase on the box of current battery package and let out the explosion vent this moment, need not to carry out great change to the structure of current battery package.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the combustion case 31 is of a unitary structure with the case 1. In the integrated structure, the combustion casing 31 and the box 1 are integrally formed into a cylinder 11 with at least one end open by extrusion, casting, stamping and the like, and the open end of the cylinder 11 is sealed by a cover plate 37. To facilitate the installation of the igniter 32 and other components, the cover 37 may be removably attached to the barrel 11, particularly by snap fit, screw or other attachment means. The inner cavity of the integrated cylinder 11 is provided with a partition plate 12 which is divided into a combustion cavity and a battery compartment, the igniter 32 is positioned in the combustion cavity and can be specifically arranged on the partition plate 12, and the single battery 21 and the battery management device 22 are arranged in the battery compartment.
When the battery module is installed, if the cylinder 11 is of a structure with one open end, firstly, the battery module 2 is placed into the cylinder 11 from the open end, secondly, the baffle 12 is placed on one side of the battery module 2, the baffle 12 can be welded in the cylinder 11 through screws, and also can be directly placed on a limiting table on the inner wall of the cylinder 11; subsequently, the igniter 32 and the like are mounted, and finally, the cover plate 37 is hermetically mounted. If the cylinder 11 has an open structure at both ends, the battery module 2, the igniter 32 and other accessories can be mounted at both open ends, and finally, two cover plates 37 are mounted in a sealing manner, and in the open structure of the cylinder at both ends, the separator 12 can be integrally formed with the cylinder.
This kind of integral type structure is convenient for the installation of whole battery package, also is convenient for burn the processing of casing 31 and box 1, and the leakproofness of whole battery package is better simultaneously.
In other embodiments, the combustion housing and the case are of a split construction. When split type structure, in order to make things convenient for the installation of battery module 2, box 1 specifically includes one end open rectangular housing and sets up the end cover at open end, and when rectangular housing and end cover were connected, need realize good leakproofness, avoid the junction to have great gap and make dust, liquid etc. get into in the box, produce the influence to the battery module. The combustion shell comprises an outer shell and a cover plate, wherein the outer shell is also a rectangular shell with one end open, and the cover plate is arranged at the open end of the rectangular shell in a sealing manner.
According to the demand of the use scene, the combustion shell and the box body can be fixedly connected and not detached, and also can be detachably connected with the box body. When the combustion shell is connected with the box body, the bottom of the rectangular shell of the combustion shell can be directly connected with the end cover of the box body, the side wall of the rectangular shell of the combustion shell can be also connected with the side wall of the rectangular shell of the box body, and the combustion shell is fixed by welding or can be connected by bolts when being specifically connected.
As shown in fig. 3, the combustion casing 31 is provided with at least two through holes, namely a second through hole 33 and a first through hole 34, wherein the second through hole 33 is connected with the explosion venting opening 13 on the box body 1, after the explosion venting opening is opened, the heat-control flue gas with high temperature and high pressure in the box body 1 is introduced into the combustion casing 31, the first through hole 34 communicates the inner cavity of the combustion casing 31 with the external environment, and the two through holes are used for providing oxygen for the combustion of the heat-control flue gas, so that the air outside the combustion casing 31 participates in the combustion of the heat-control flue gas; and secondly, discharging a small amount of residual gas after combustion. In addition, it should be noted that, in the structure in which the combustion casing 31 and the casing 1 are integrated, the explosion venting port 13 of the casing 1 and the second through hole 33 of the combustion casing 31 are the same hole. In the case where the combustion casing 31 and the case 1 are of a split type structure, the second through hole 33 may be directly connected to the explosion venting port 13, or the second through hole 33 may be connected to the explosion venting port 13 through a pipe, and at this time, the pipe is respectively screwed to the side wall of the combustion casing 31 and the side wall of the case 1.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to ensure safety, the explosion venting port 13 may be provided with a fire-blocking net 35, so as to avoid more thermal runaway flue gas in the combustion casing 31, and the flame flows back into the casing 1 when the combustion flame is larger, thereby affecting the battery module in the casing 1, and in addition, the first through hole 34 may be provided with the fire-blocking net 35, so as to avoid the leakage of the combustion flame in the combustion casing 31 when the flame is larger, thereby affecting the electric vehicle or the charging cabinet to some extent.
As shown in fig. 2, the igniter 32 in this embodiment is disposed in the combustion casing 31 to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas introduced into the combustion casing 31, the igniter 32 may be disposed at the center of the inner cavity of the combustion casing 31 through a bracket, and the pilot tube 36 may be connected to the explosion venting port 13 or the second through hole 33, at this time, the igniter 32 is disposed at the outlet end of the pilot tube 36, and the advantage of disposing the pilot tube 36 is that: the diversion pipe 36 intensively leads out the thermal runaway flue gas in the box body 1, and then fully ignites the thermal runaway flue gas at the open end of the diversion pipe 36, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is prevented from leaking out through the first through hole when being dispersed in the combustion shell.
The above-mentioned igniter 32 may be of various structures, for example, an existing arc igniter or a resistance wire igniter may be used, a pulse igniter may be used as the arc igniter, and a dry battery or an alternating current may be used as the power supply mode of the igniter 32 according to the field environment. The number of igniters 32 may be set as desired, and may be 1 or 2 or more. If the amount of the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway battery is small, one igniter can be started to treat the thermal runaway smoke, and if the amount of the thermal runaway smoke generated by the thermal runaway battery is large, a plurality of igniters 32 can be started to ignite the thermal runaway smoke. In addition, when the number of igniters 32 is set to be plural, the reliability of ignition can be ensured, and when one igniter 32 fails or malfunctions, the other igniters 32 can normally operate.
The activation of the igniter 32 may be activated by the trigger 38 or by the battery management device 22 (BMS). When the trigger 38 is opened, the trigger can be a sensor with different structures, can be arranged in the combustion shell 31 or in the box body 1, detects parameters such as temperature, pressure or gas volume fraction in the combustion shell 31 and the box body 1 in real time, and can send out a signal to start the igniter 32 when the set threshold value is exceeded. Specifically, the trigger 38 may be at least one of a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a gas sensor, or a temperature sensor, and is preferably disposed on the flow guide 36. When the battery management device 22 (BMS) is turned on, the battery management device 22 (BMS) monitors the voltage, current and temperature of each unit cell 21 in real time, and when thermal runaway occurs in any unit cell 21, the igniter 32 is activated when the voltage, voltage and temperature exceed threshold values.
Example 2
The battery generates a great amount of smoke after being out of control, and the components mainly comprise vaporized electrolyte, CO and CO 2 、H 2 、HF、HCl、SO 2 CH (CH) 4 、C 2 H 4 、C 2 H 6 、C 3 H 6 、C 3 H 8 The hydrocarbon gas and the like, therefore, it is known that the thermal runaway flue gas contains a certain amount of vaporized electrolyte, and when the ignition device 3 ignites the thermal runaway flue gas, the vaporized electrolyte is ignited together with the combustible gas in the combustion chamber, and a large amount of combustion flame is generated at this time. Thus, in the present embodiment, the thermal runaway treatment unit may be a combination of the ignition device 3 and other devices for treating thermal runaway flue gas, for example, a combination of the ignition device 3 and the adsorption device 4. The adsorption device not only adsorbs the vaporized electrolyte, but also can adsorb CO and CO 2 、H 2 、HF、HCl、SO 2 CH (CH) 4 、C 2 H 4 、C 2 H 6 、C 3 H 6 、C 3 H 8 And hydrocarbon gases are adsorbed, so that flame generated by subsequent ignition is reduced.
The structure of the battery module 2, the case 1, and the ignition device 3 in this embodiment is the same as in the embodiment, and the structure and the installation of the adsorption device are described below.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, in the present embodiment, the adsorption device 4 includes an adsorption housing 41 and an adsorption medium disposed in the adsorption housing 41, wherein an inlet 42 and an outlet 43 for entering and exiting the thermal runaway flue gas are disposed on the adsorption housing 41, and the adsorption medium may be an adsorption material for performing adsorption treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, such as activated carbon, molecular sieve, alumina, graphite, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, porous glass, and the like. Activated carbon, molecular sieve or alumina is preferred for satisfying both adsorption effect and cost requirements. In addition, the adsorption device 4 can also adopt the existing poison filtering box, and the poison filtering box is internally provided with a material for treating the thermal runaway flue gas.
The adsorption device 4 may be provided in the case 1 or in the combustion case 31. In view of the life and safety of the adsorption device 4, the adsorption device 4 is preferably provided in the case 1.
When the adsorption device 4 is disposed in the combustion casing 31, the adsorption treatment and the ignition treatment may be performed separately or may be performed after the adsorption treatment is performed. The preferred method is to first perform adsorption treatment and then perform ignition treatment, and this treatment method can fully treat the thermal runaway flue gas. When the adsorption treatment and the ignition treatment are separately performed, the adsorption device 4 and the igniter 32 are respectively arranged at different positions of the combustion shell 31, a part of the thermal runaway flue gas entering the combustion shell 31 enters the adsorption device 4 to be adsorbed and the other part of the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited by the igniter. When the adsorption treatment is performed before the ignition treatment, the adsorption device 4 needs to be arranged in front of the igniter, at this time, the inlet of the adsorption device 4 can be connected with the second through hole 33, and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the flow guiding pipe 36.
When the adsorption device 4 is disposed in the case 1, the adsorption device 4 may be disposed in a gap between the unit cell 21 and the case 1, or may be disposed on a side wall of the case 1, for example, a slot may be disposed on a side wall of the case 1, and the adsorption device 4 is mounted in the slot. However, in order to achieve sufficient treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas, the adsorption device 4 is preferably mounted close to the explosion venting opening 13 of the tank 1. The outlet of the adsorption device 4 is preferably directly connected to the explosion venting port 13.
Furthermore, the adsorption process of the adsorption device 4 is dependent on the pressure. The pressure is high and the adsorption proceeds fast. When the pressure is increased, the adsorbed substances are adsorbed on the surface of the adsorption medium, and the adsorption phenomenon starts to be remarkable. Therefore, in order to increase the adsorption effect, before the thermal runaway flue gas ignites, the thermal runaway flue gas can be subjected to pressure holding, and at this time, an explosion venting membrane can be arranged in the explosion venting port 13, or an explosion venting membrane is arranged at the outlet of the adsorption device 4. When the explosion venting opening 13 is internally provided with an explosion venting film, the pressure can be realized in the box body 1, at the moment, the adsorption device 4 is required to be arranged in the box body 1, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by any single battery 21 is dispersed in the box body 1, the adsorption device 4 carries out certain adsorption treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas, and when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas exceeds a threshold value, the explosion venting film is opened and enters the combustion shell 31 for combustion treatment. When the adsorption device 4 is arranged in the combustion shell 31, an outlet of the adsorption device 4 is connected with the flow guide pipe 36, and a explosion venting membrane is arranged at the outlet of the adsorption device 4.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides an electric vehicle including the battery packs for electric vehicles of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 7, the battery pack 100 is mounted to a vehicle body 200 of the electric vehicle in use for supplying power to electric devices of the electric vehicle.
The battery pack 100 may be mounted under a seat of the electric vehicle or under a step of the vehicle body 200, and the battery pack 100 is preferably mounted under the step of the vehicle body 200 in view of safety at the time of ignition of the ignition device 3.
When the battery pack 100 is charged, the battery pack can be taken down from the electric vehicle and placed in a charging cabinet for charging, or can be directly placed on the electric vehicle for charging on a charging pile. When thermal runaway occurs in any single battery 21 in the battery pack during charging, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances in the single battery 21 burst through the explosion venting film or the shell of the single battery 21, the thermal runaway smoke is dispersed in the box body 1 or the combustion shell 31, at this time, the battery management device 22 or the trigger of the ignition device 3 monitors the abnormal state of the battery pack, sends out warning information (the warning lamp flashes or the buzzer sounds), the ignition device 3 is started to ignite the thermal runaway smoke, or the adsorption device 4 performs certain adsorption treatment on the thermal runaway smoke, and the ignition device 3 ignites the residual thermal runaway smoke after adsorption.
Claims (11)
1. The battery pack for the electric vehicle comprises a box body and a battery module arranged in the box body, and is characterized by further comprising a thermal runaway processing unit for controllably igniting thermal runaway smoke,
the box body is provided with an explosion venting port; the thermal runaway processing unit includes an ignition device including a combustion housing and an igniter; the inner cavity of the combustion shell is communicated with the explosion venting port, and a first through hole for communicating with the external environment is formed in the side wall of the combustion shell; the igniter is arranged in the combustion shell and is used for igniting the thermal runaway flue gas in the combustion shell.
2. The battery pack for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the explosion venting port and the first through hole is provided with a fire blocking net.
3. The battery pack for an electric vehicle according to claim 2, further comprising a draft tube provided in the combustion case, one end of the draft tube being communicated with the explosion venting port, the other end being provided as an opening, and the igniter being provided at the opening end of the draft tube.
4. The battery pack for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the combustion case and the case are of an integral structure.
5. The battery pack for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating layer is provided on a side wall of the combustion case.
6. The battery pack for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the igniter is a pulse igniter, the number of which is plural, and the igniter is turned on by a trigger provided on the combustion case or the case.
7. The battery pack for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermal runaway processing unit further comprises an adsorption device provided in the case or in the combustion case for performing adsorption processing on the thermal runaway flue gas before the ignition processing.
8. The battery pack for an electric vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the adsorption device includes an adsorption case and an adsorption medium provided in the adsorption case; the adsorption shell is arranged in the box body, the inlet of the adsorption shell is communicated with the box body, and the outlet of the adsorption shell is communicated with the explosion venting port.
9. The battery pack for an electric vehicle according to claim 8, wherein a vent film is provided in the vent hole or in the outlet of the adsorption device.
10. An electric vehicle, characterized by comprising the battery pack for electric vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for supplying power to electric devices of electric vehicles.
11. The electric vehicle of claim 10, characterized in that the electric vehicle battery pack is disposed under a step of an electric vehicle body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321216011.4U CN220324528U (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Battery pack for electric vehicle and electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321216011.4U CN220324528U (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Battery pack for electric vehicle and electric vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN220324528U true CN220324528U (en) | 2024-01-09 |
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ID=89411102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202321216011.4U Active CN220324528U (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Battery pack for electric vehicle and electric vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN220324528U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-05-19 CN CN202321216011.4U patent/CN220324528U/en active Active
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